Direct observation of the skyrmion Hall effect

Jiang, Wanjun; Zhang, Xichao; Yu, Guoqiang; Zhang, Wei; Wang, Xiao; Jungfleisch, M. Benjamin; Pearson, John E.; Cheng, Xuemei; Heinonen, Olle; Wang, Kang L.; Zhou, Yan; Hoffmann, Axel; te Velthuis, Suzanne G. E.

doi:10.1038/nphys3883

Title: Direct observation of the skyrmion Hall effect

Abstract

The well-known Hall effect describes the transverse deflection of charged particles (electrons/holes) as a result of the Lorentz force. Similarly, it is intriguing to examine if quasi-particles without an electric charge, but with a topological charge, show related transverse motion. Magnetic skyrmions with a well-defined spin texture with a unit topological charge serve as good candidates to test this hypothesis. In spite of the recent progress made on investigating magnetic skyrmions, direct observation of the skyrmion Hall effect has remained elusive. Here, by using a current-induced spin Hall spin torque, we experimentally demonstrate the skyrmion Hall effect, and the resultant skyrmion accumulation, by driving skyrmions from the creep-motion regime (where their dynamics are influenced by pinning defects) into the steady-flow-motion regime. Lastly, the experimental observation of transverse transport of skyrmions due to topological charge may potentially create many exciting opportunities, such as topological selection.

Authors:

Jiang, Wanjun ^[1];

^[2]; Yu, Guoqiang ^[3]; Zhang, Wei ^[4]; Wang, Xiao ^[5]; Jungfleisch, M. Benjamin ^[6]; Pearson, John E. ^[6]; Cheng, Xuemei ^[5]; Heinonen, Olle ^[7]; Wang, Kang L. ^[3]; Zhou, Yan ^[2]; Hoffmann, Axel ^[6]; te Velthuis, Suzanne G. E. ^[6]

Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States); Tsinghua Univ., Beijing (China); Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing (China)
The Chinese Univ. of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (China)
Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States); Oakland Univ., Rochester, MI (United States)
Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, PA (United States)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States); Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States)

Publication Date:: Mon Sep 19 00:00:00 EDT 2016

Research Org.:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); Materials Sciences and Engineering Division; National Science Foundation (NSF); National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)

OSTI Identifier:: 1352527

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Nature Physics

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 13; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 1745-2473

Publisher:: Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; 72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS

Citation Formats


                    Jiang, Wanjun, Zhang, Xichao, Yu, Guoqiang, Zhang, Wei, Wang, Xiao, Jungfleisch, M. Benjamin, Pearson, John E., Cheng, Xuemei, Heinonen, Olle, Wang, Kang L., Zhou, Yan, Hoffmann, Axel, and te Velthuis, Suzanne G. E. Direct observation of the skyrmion Hall effect.  United States: N. p., 2016. 
Web.  doi:10.1038/nphys3883.

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                    Jiang, Wanjun, Zhang, Xichao, Yu, Guoqiang, Zhang, Wei, Wang, Xiao, Jungfleisch, M. Benjamin, Pearson, John E., Cheng, Xuemei, Heinonen, Olle, Wang, Kang L., Zhou, Yan, Hoffmann, Axel, & te Velthuis, Suzanne G. E. Direct observation of the skyrmion Hall effect.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys3883

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                    Jiang, Wanjun, Zhang, Xichao, Yu, Guoqiang, Zhang, Wei, Wang, Xiao, Jungfleisch, M. Benjamin, Pearson, John E., Cheng, Xuemei, Heinonen, Olle, Wang, Kang L., Zhou, Yan, Hoffmann, Axel, and te Velthuis, Suzanne G. E. Mon .  
"Direct observation of the skyrmion Hall effect".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys3883.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1352527.

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@article{osti_1352527,

  title        = {Direct observation of the skyrmion Hall effect},

  author       = {Jiang, Wanjun and Zhang, Xichao and Yu, Guoqiang and Zhang, Wei and Wang, Xiao and Jungfleisch, M. Benjamin and Pearson, John E. and Cheng, Xuemei and Heinonen, Olle and Wang, Kang L. and Zhou, Yan and Hoffmann, Axel and te Velthuis, Suzanne G. E.},

  abstractNote = {The well-known Hall effect describes the transverse deflection of charged particles (electrons/holes) as a result of the Lorentz force. Similarly, it is intriguing to examine if quasi-particles without an electric charge, but with a topological charge, show related transverse motion. Magnetic skyrmions with a well-defined spin texture with a unit topological charge serve as good candidates to test this hypothesis. In spite of the recent progress made on investigating magnetic skyrmions, direct observation of the skyrmion Hall effect has remained elusive. Here, by using a current-induced spin Hall spin torque, we experimentally demonstrate the skyrmion Hall effect, and the resultant skyrmion accumulation, by driving skyrmions from the creep-motion regime (where their dynamics are influenced by pinning defects) into the steady-flow-motion regime. Lastly, the experimental observation of transverse transport of skyrmions due to topological charge may potentially create many exciting opportunities, such as topological selection.},

  doi          = {10.1038/nphys3883},

  journal      = {Nature Physics},

  number       = 2,

  volume       = 13,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Mon Sep 19 00:00:00 EDT 2016},

  month        = {Mon Sep 19 00:00:00 EDT 2016}

}

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Current-Induced Dynamics of the Antiferromagnetic Skyrmion and Skyrmionium
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Shen, Laichuan; Li, Xiaoguang; Zhao, Yuelei
Physical Review Applied, Vol. 12, Issue 6
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Anomalous ferromagnetism and magneto-optical Kerr effect in semiconducting double perovskite ${Ba}_{2} {NiOsO}_{6}$ and its (111) $({Ba}_{2} {NiOsO}_{6}) / {({BaTiO}_{3})}_{10}$ superlattice
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Lu, Hai-Shuang; Guo, Guang-Yu
Physical Review B, Vol. 100, Issue 5
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Magnetic tunnel junctions: An efficient way for electrical skyrmion detection investigated by ab initio theory
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Schäfer-Richarz, Jonas Friedrich; Risius, Philipp; Czerner, Michael
Physical Review B, Vol. 100, Issue 21
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Stability and dynamics of in-plane skyrmions in collinear ferromagnets
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Zarzuela, Ricardo; Bharadwaj, Venkata Krishna; Kim, Kyoung-Whan
Physical Review B, Vol. 101, Issue 5
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Microscopic theory of spin-orbit torques in two dimensions
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Ado, I. A.; Tretiakov, Oleg A.; Titov, M.
Physical Review B, Vol. 95, Issue 9
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Controlled skyrmion nucleation in extended magnetic layers using a nanocontact geometry
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Dürrenfeld, Philipp; Xu, Yongbing; Åkerman, Johan
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Enhanced magneto-optical Kerr effect at Fe/insulator interfaces
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Gu, Bo; Takahashi, Saburo; Maekawa, Sadamichi
Physical Review B, Vol. 96, Issue 21
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Brownian motion of magnetic domain walls and skyrmions, and their diffusion constants
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Miltat, Jacques; Rohart, Stanislas; Thiaville, André
Physical Review B, Vol. 97, Issue 21
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Skyrmion quantum spin Hall effect
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Chen, Tianqi; Byrnes, Tim
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Active microrheology, Hall effect, and jamming in chiral fluids
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Reichhardt, C.; Reichhardt, C. J. O.
Physical Review E, Vol. 100, Issue 1
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Disordering, clustering, and laning transitions in particle systems with dispersion in the Magnus term
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Reichhardt, C. J. O.; Reichhardt, C.
Physical Review E, Vol. 99, Issue 1
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Current-Induced Dynamics and Chaos of Antiferromagnetic Bimerons
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Shen, Laichuan; Xia, Jing; Zhang, Xichao
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 124, Issue 3
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Direct imaging of an inhomogeneous electric current distribution using the trajectory of magnetic half-skyrmions
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Zhang, Senfu; Zhang, Xichao; Zhang, Junwei
Science Advances, Vol. 6, Issue 6
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Skyrmion Crystals and Phase Transitions in Magneto-Ferroelectric Superlattices: Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya Interaction in a Frustrated J1 − J2 Model
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Sharafullin, Ildus F.; Diep, Hung T.
Symmetry, Vol. 12, Issue 1
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Effect of Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya Interaction Energy Confinement on Current‐Driven Dynamics of Skyrmions
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Bhatti, Sabpreet; Piramanayagam, S. N.
physica status solidi (RRL) – Rapid Research Letters, Vol. 13, Issue 11
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Universality of defect-skyrmion interaction profiles
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Lima Fernandes, Imara; Bouaziz, Juba; Blügel, Stefan
Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1
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Room-temperature stabilization of antiferromagnetic skyrmions in synthetic antiferromagnets
journal, September 2019

Legrand, William; Maccariello, Davide; Ajejas, Fernando
Nature Materials, Vol. 19, Issue 1
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Discrete Hall resistivity contribution from Néel skyrmions in multilayer nanodiscs
journal, October 2018

Zeissler, Katharina; Finizio, Simone; Shahbazi, Kowsar
Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 13, Issue 12
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Two-dimensional skyrmion bags in liquid crystals and ferromagnets
journal, April 2019

Foster, David; Kind, Charles; Ackerman, Paul J.
Nature Physics, Vol. 15, Issue 7
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Inertia-driven resonant excitation of a magnetic skyrmion
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Shiino, Takayuki; Kim, Kab-Jin; Lee, Ki-Suk
Scientific Reports, Vol. 7, Issue 1
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Theory of isolated magnetic skyrmions: From fundamentals to room temperature applications
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Büttner, Felix; Lemesh, Ivan; Beach, Geoffrey S. D.
Scientific Reports, Vol. 8, Issue 1
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Electrical writing, deleting, reading, and moving of magnetic skyrmioniums in a racetrack device
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Göbel, Börge; Schäffer, Alexander F.; Berakdar, Jamal
Scientific Reports, Vol. 9, Issue 1
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Nonlocal accumulation, chemical potential, and Hall effect of skyrmions in Pt/Co/Ir heterostructure
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Sugimoto, Satoshi; Koshibae, Wataru; Kasai, Shinya
Scientific Reports, Vol. 10, Issue 1
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Skyrmions get pushed beyond the limit
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Shao, Qiming
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Deformation of the moving magnetic skyrmion lattice in MnSi under electric current flow
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Okuyama, D.; Bleuel, M.; White, J. S.
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Thermal effects on current-related skyrmion formation in a nanobelt
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Zhao, Xuebing; Wang, Shasha; Wang, Chao
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Lowering critical current density for spin-orbit torque induced magnetization switching by ion irradiation
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Yun, Jijun; Zuo, Yalu; Mao, Jian
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Skyrmion motion induced by voltage-controlled in-plane strain gradients
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Yanes, R.; Garcia-Sanchez, F.; Luis, R. F.
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Performance of synthetic antiferromagnetic racetrack memory: domain wall versus skyrmion
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Tomasello, R.; Puliafito, V.; Martinez, E.
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Motion of skyrmions in nanowires driven by magnonic momentum-transfer forces
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Zhang, Xichao; Müller, Jan; Xia, Jing
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Reichhardt, C.; Reichhardt, C. J. O.
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Chiral excitations of magnetic droplet solitons driven by their own inertia
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Mohseni, Morteza; Rodrigues, D. R.; Saghafi, M.
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Zivieri, R.; Tomasello, R.; Chubykalo-Fesenko, O.
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Cheng, Ran; Li, Maxwell; Sapkota, Arjun
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Yang, Wenrui; Yang, Huanhuan; Cao, Yunshan
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Skyrmions and Antiskyrmions in Quasi-Two-Dimensional Magnets
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Kovalev, Alexey A.; Sandhoefner, Shane
Frontiers in Physics, Vol. 6
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Magnetic skyrmions: advances in physics and potential applications
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Fert, Albert; Reyren, Nicolas; Cros, Vincent
Nature Reviews Materials, Vol. 2, Issue 7
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Field-free deterministic ultrafast creation of magnetic skyrmions by spin–orbit torques
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Büttner, Felix; Lemesh, Ivan; Schneider, Michael
Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 12, Issue 11
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Thermal skyrmion diffusion used in a reshuffler device
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Zázvorka, Jakub; Jakobs, Florian; Heinze, Daniel
Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 14, Issue 7
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Deterministic creation and deletion of a single magnetic skyrmion observed by direct time-resolved X-ray microscopy
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Woo, Seonghoon; Song, Kyung Mee; Zhang, Xichao
Nature Electronics, Vol. 1, Issue 5
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Magnetic skyrmion field-effect transistors
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Hong, Ik-Sun; Lee, Kyung-Jin
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 115, Issue 7
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Current-Driven Dynamics of Frustrated Skyrmions in a Synthetic Antiferromagnetic Bilayer
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Xia, Jing; Zhang, Xichao; Ezawa, Motohiko
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Long-wavelength emergent phonons in Bloch skyrmion crystals distorted by exchange anisotropy and tilted magnetic fields
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Hu, Yangfan
Physical Review B, Vol. 100, Issue 14
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Phase Transition in Frustrated Magnetic Thin Film—Physics at Phase Boundaries
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Diep, Hung
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Zhang, S. L.; Wang, W. W.; Burn, D. M.
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Creation and Annihilation of Skyrmions in the Frustrated Magnets with Competing Exchange Interactions
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Hu, Yong; Chi, Xiaodan; Li, Xuesi
Scientific Reports, Vol. 7, Issue 1
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Composite topological structure of domain walls in synthetic antiferromagnets
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Kolesnikov, A. G.; Plotnikov, V. S.; Pustovalov, E. V.
Scientific Reports, Vol. 8, Issue 1
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Direct writing of room temperature and zero field skyrmion lattices by a scanning local magnetic field
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Zhang, Senfu; Zhang, Junwei; Zhang, Qiang
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 112, Issue 13
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Dynamics of a magnetic skyrmionium driven by spin waves
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Li, Sai; Xia, Jing; Zhang, Xichao
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 112, Issue 14
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Size-tunable skyrmion bubbles in Ta/CoFeB/MgO multilayers
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Qin, Zhaogang; Jin, Chendong; Xie, Hongkang
Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 51, Issue 42
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Paving Spin-Wave Fibers in Magnonic Nanocircuits Using Spin-Orbit Torque
journal, May 2017

Xing, Xiangjun; Pong, Philip W. T.; Åkerman, J.
Physical Review Applied, Vol. 7, Issue 5
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Tuning skyrmion Hall effect via engineering of spin-orbit interaction
text, January 2019

Akosa, Collins Ashu; Li, Hang; Tretiakov, Oleg A.
Unpublished
DOI: 10.13140/rg.2.2.24149.37600

Thermal skyrmion diffusion used in a reshuffler device
text, January 2019

Zázvorka, Jakub; Jakobs, Florian; Heinze, Daniel
Nature Publishing Group
DOI: 10.25358/openscience-466

Vanishing Skyrmion Hall Effect at the Angular Momentum Compensation Temperature of a Ferrimagnet
conference, September 2019

Hirata, Y.; Kim, D. -H.; Kim, S. K.
Extended Abstracts of the 2019 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials
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Controlling Chiral Spin States of a Triangular‐Lattice Magnet by Cooling in a Magnetic Field
journal, July 2019

Deng, Sihao; Fischer, Gerda; Uhlarz, Marc
Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 37
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Advanced Materials and Device Architectures for Magnetooptical Spatial Light Modulators
journal, November 2019

Kharratian, Soheila; Urey, Hakan; Onbaşlı, Mehmet C.
Advanced Optical Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 1
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Forming individual magnetic biskyrmions by merging two skyrmions in a centrosymmetric nanodisk
journal, July 2019

Göbel, Börge; Henk, Jürgen; Mertig, Ingrid
Scientific Reports, Vol. 9, Issue 1
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Selective activation of an isolated magnetic skyrmion in a ferromagnet with microwave electric fields
journal, August 2018

Takeuchi, Akihito; Mochizuki, Masahito
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 113, Issue 7
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Controlling skyrmion bubble confinement by dipolar interactions
journal, September 2019

Ummelen, Fanny C.; Lichtenberg, Tom; Swagten, Henk J. M.
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 115, Issue 10
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Magnetic field gradient driven dynamics of isolated skyrmions and antiskyrmions in frustrated magnets
journal, May 2018

Liang, J. J.; Yu, J. H.; Chen, J.
New Journal of Physics, Vol. 20, Issue 5
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The stability of a skyrmion in a nanotube
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Huo, Xiaohong; Liu, Yan
New Journal of Physics, Vol. 21, Issue 9
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Distinct magnetic field dependence of Néel skyrmion sizes in ultrathin nanodots
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Tejo, F.; Riveros, A.; Escrig, J.
Scientific Reports, Vol. 8, Issue 1
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Magnetoelectric coupling and the manipulation of magnetic Bloch skyrmions
journal, September 2018

Wang, Zidong; Ma, Zhao; Grimson, Malcolm J.
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 113, Issue 10
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Bilayer skyrmion dynamics on a magnetic anisotropy gradient
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Ang, Calvin Ching Ian; Gan, Weiliang; Lew, Wen Siang
New Journal of Physics, Vol. 21, Issue 4
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Performance of synthetic antiferromagnetic racetrack memory: domain wall vs skyrmion
text, January 2016

Tomasello, R.; Puliafito, V.; Martinez, E.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1610.00894

Motion of skyrmions in nanowires driven by magnonic momentum-transfer forces
text, January 2017

Zhang, Xichao; Müller, Jan; Xia, Jing
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1701.02430

Controllable transport of a skyrmion in a ferromagnetic narrow channel with voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy
text, January 2017

Wang, Junlin; Xia, Jing; Zhang, Xichao
arXiv
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Magnetic field gradient driven dynamics of isolated skyrmions and antiskyrmions in frustrated magnets
text, January 2017

Liang, J. J.; Yu, J. H.; Chen, J.
arXiv
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Micromagnetics of anti-skyrmions in ultrathin films
text, January 2017

Camosi, Lorenzo; Rougemaille, Nicolas; Fruchart, Olivier
arXiv
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Current-induced spin-orbit torques in ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic systems
text, January 2018

Manchon, A.; Zelezný, J.; Miron, I. M.
arXiv
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Dynamics of a magnetic skyrmionium driven by spin waves
text, January 2018

Li, Sai; Xia, Jing; Zhang, Xichao
arXiv
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Wiggling skyrmion propagation under parametric pumping
text, January 2018

Yuan, H. Y.; Wang, X. S.; Yung, Man-Hong
arXiv
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Skyrmions and antiskyrmions in quasi-two-dimensional magnets
text, January 2018

Kovalev, Alexey A.; Sandhoefner, Shane
arXiv
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Brownian motion of magnetic domain walls and skyrmions, and their diffusion constants
text, January 2018

Miltat, Jacques; Rohart, Stanislas; Thiaville, André
arXiv
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Reversible to Irreversible Transitions in Periodically Driven Skyrmion Systems
text, January 2018

Brown, B. L.; Reichhardt, C.; Reichhardt, C. J. O.
arXiv
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Disordering, Clustering, and Laning Transitions in Particle Systems with Dispersion in the Magnus Term
text, January 2018

Reichhardt, C. J. O.; Reichhardt, C.
arXiv
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Spin torque nano-oscillators based on antiferromagnetic skyrmions
text, January 2018

Shen, Laichuan; Xia, Jing; Zhao, Guoping
arXiv
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The dynamics of bimeron skyrmions in easy-plane magnets induced by a spin supercurrent
text, January 2019

Kim, Se Kwon
arXiv
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Generation and Hall effect of skyrmions enabled via using nonmagnetic point contacts
text, January 2019

Wang, Zidong; Zhang, Xichao; Xia, Jing
arXiv
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Effect of inter-layer spin diffusion on skyrmion motion in magnetic multilayers
preprint, January 2019

Lepadatu, Serban
arXiv
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Current-Driven Skyrmion Dynamics and Drive-Dependent Skyrmion Hall Effect in an Ultrathin Film
text, January 2019

Juge, Roméo; Je, Soong-Geun; Chaves, Dayane de Souza
arXiv
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Skyrmion quantum spin Hall effect
text, January 2019

Chen, Tianqi; Byrnes, Tim
arXiv
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Long-wavelength emergent phonons in skyrmion crystals distorted by exchange anisotropy and tilted magnetic fields
text, January 2019

Hu, Yangfan
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1905.03987

Controlling skyrmion bubble confinement by dipolar interactions
text, January 2019

Ummelen, Fanny C.; Lichtenberg, Tom; Swagten, Henk J. M.
arXiv
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Two-dimensional magnetic semiconductors with room Curie temperatures
text, January 2019

You, Jing-Yang; Zhang, Zhen; Dong, Xue-Juan
arXiv
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Advanced Materials and Device Architectures for Magnetooptical Spatial Light Modulators
text, January 2019

Kharratian, Soheila; Urey, Hakan; Onbaşlı, Mehmet C.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1909.07494

Skyrmion Crystal and Phase Transition in Magneto-Ferroelectric Superlattices: Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction in a Frustrated $J_1-J_2$ Model
text, January 2019

Sharafullin, Ildus F.; Diep, H. T.
arXiv
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Weak Crystallization of Fluctuating Skyrmion Textures in MnSi
text, January 2019

Kindervater, J.; Stasinopoulos, I.; Bauer, A.
Karlsruhe
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Skyrmion dynamics in a frustrated ferromagnetic film and current-induced helicity locking-unlocking transition
journal, November 2017

Zhang, Xichao; Xia, Jing; Zhou, Yan
Nature Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 1
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Current-driven dynamics and inhibition of the skyrmion Hall effect of ferrimagnetic skyrmions in GdFeCo films
journal, March 2018

Woo, Seonghoon; Song, Kyung Mee; Zhang, Xichao
Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1
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Magnetostatic twists in room-temperature skyrmions explored by nitrogen-vacancy center spin texture reconstruction
journal, July 2018

Dovzhenko, Y.; Casola, F.; Schlotter, S.
Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1
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The evolution of skyrmions in Ir/Fe/Co/Pt multilayers and their topological Hall signature
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Raju, M.; Yagil, A.; Soumyanarayanan, Anjan
Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1
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Author Correction: Universality of defect-skyrmion interaction profiles
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Fernandes, Imara Lima; Bouaziz, Juba; Blügel, Stefan
Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1
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Formation and current-induced motion of synthetic antiferromagnetic skyrmion bubbles
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Dohi, Takaaki; DuttaGupta, Samik; Fukami, Shunsuke
Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1
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Diameter-independent skyrmion Hall angle observed in chiral magnetic multilayers
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Zeissler, Katharina; Finizio, Simone; Barton, Craig
Nature Communications, Vol. 11, Issue 1
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Plastic flow and the skyrmion Hall effect
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Reichhardt, C.; Reichhardt, C. J. O.
Nature Communications, Vol. 11, Issue 1
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Creation and Annihilation of Skyrmions in the Frustrated Magnets with Competing Exchange Interactions
journal, November 2017

Hu, Yong; Chi, Xiaodan; Li, Xuesi
Scientific Reports, Vol. 7, Issue 1
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Theory of isolated magnetic skyrmions: From fundamentals to room temperature applications
journal, March 2018

Büttner, Felix; Lemesh, Ivan; Beach, Geoffrey S. D.
Scientific Reports, Vol. 8, Issue 1
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Distinct magnetic field dependence of Néel skyrmion sizes in ultrathin nanodots
journal, April 2018

Tejo, F.; Riveros, A.; Escrig, J.
Scientific Reports, Vol. 8, Issue 1
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Straight motion of half-integer topological defects in thin Fe-N magnetic films with stripe domains
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Fin, S.; Silvani, R.; Tacchi, S.
Scientific Reports, Vol. 8, Issue 1
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Skyrmionium – high velocity without the skyrmion Hall effect
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Kolesnikov, Alexander G.; Stebliy, Maksim E.; Samardak, Alexander S.
Scientific Reports, Vol. 8, Issue 1
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Driven gyrotropic skyrmion motion through steps in magnetic anisotropy
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Zhou, Yifan; Mansell, Rhodri; van Dijken, Sebastiaan
Scientific Reports, Vol. 9, Issue 1
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Forming individual magnetic biskyrmions by merging two skyrmions in a centrosymmetric nanodisk
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Göbel, Börge; Henk, Jürgen; Mertig, Ingrid
Scientific Reports, Vol. 9, Issue 1
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Chiral spin ordering of electron gas in solids with broken time reversal symmetry
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Denisov, K. S.; Rozhansky, I. V.; Averkiev, N. S.
Scientific Reports, Vol. 9, Issue 1
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Composite topological structure of domain walls in synthetic antiferromagnets
text, January 2017

Kolesnikov, A. G.; Plotnikov, V. S.; Pustovalov, E. V.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1710.10968

Inducing skyrmions in ultrathin Fe films by hydrogen exposure
text, January 2017

Hsu, Pin-Jui; Rozsa, Levente; Finco, Aurore
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1711.06784

Electrical writing, deleting, reading, and moving of magnetic skyrmioniums in a racetrack device
text, January 2019

Göbel, Börge; Schäffer, Alexander F.; Berakdar, Jamal
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1902.06295

Defect-implantation for the all-electrical detection of non-collinear spin-textures
preprint, January 2019

Fernandes, Imara Lima; Bouhassoune, Mohammed; Lounis, Samir
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1906.08838

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Magnetic skyrmions are nanoscale spin textures touted as next-generation computing elements. When subjected to lateral currents, skyrmions move at considerable speeds. Their topological charge results in an additional transverse deflection known as the skyrmion Hall effect (SkHE). While promising, their dynamic phenomenology with current, skyrmion size, geometric effects and disorder remain to be established. Here we report on the ensemble dynamics of individual skyrmions forming dense arrays in Pt/Co/MgO wires by examining over 20,000 instances of motion across currents and fields. The skyrmion speed reaches 24 m/s in the plastic flow regime and is surprisingly robust to positional and sizemore »« less
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Generation and Hall effect of skyrmions enabled using nonmagnetic point contacts

Journal Article Wang, Zidong ; Zhang, Xichao ; Xia, Jing ; ... - Physical Review B

The generation and manipulation of magnetic skyrmions are perquisites for any skyrmion-based information processing devices, where skyrmions are used as nonvolatile information carriers. In this work, we report experimentally the skyrmion generation through the usage of a nonmagnetic conducting Ti/Au point contact in a device made of a Ta/ CoFeB/TaO_x trilayer film. Moreover, the accompanied topological charge-dependent skyrmion dynamics, namely the skyrmion Hall effect, is also observed in the same device. The creation process of a skyrmion has been numerically reproduced through micromagnetic simulations, in which the important role of the skyrmion-antiskyrmion pair formation is identified. The motion and Hallmore »« less
Cited by 12
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.100.184426

Full Text Available
Magnetic skyrmion bundles and their current-driven dynamics

Journal Article Tang, Jin ; Wu, Yaodong ; Wang, Weiwei ; ... - Nature Nanotechnology

Topological charge Q classifies non-trivial spin textures and determines many of their characteristics. Most abundant are topological textures with |Q| ≤ 1, such as (anti)skyrmions, (anti)merons or (anti)vortices. In this study we created and imaged in real space magnetic skyrmion bundles, that is, multi-Q three-dimensional skyrmionic textures. These textures consist of a circular spin spiral that ties together a discrete number of skyrmion tubes. We observed skyrmion bundles with integer Q values up to 55. We show here that electric currents drive the collective motion of these particle-like textures similar to skyrmions. Bundles with Q ≠ 0 exhibit a skyrmionmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-021-00954-9

Full Text Available
Quantum skyrmionics

Journal Article Ochoa, Hector ; Tserkovnyak, Yaroslav - International Journal of Modern Physics B

Skyrmions are topological solitons that emerge in many physical contexts. In magnetism, they appear as textures of the spin-density field stabilized by different competing interactions and characterized by a topological charge that counts the number of times the order parameter wraps the sphere. They behave as classical objects when the spin texture varies slowly on the scale of the microscopic lattice of the magnet. However, the fast development of experimental tools to create and stabilize skyrmions in thin magnetic films has led to a rich variety of textures, sometimes of atomistic sizes. In this paper, we discuss, in a pedagogicalmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1142/s0217979219300056
Coexistence of Merons with Skyrmions in the Centrosymmetric Van Der Waals Ferromagnet Fe_5–_xGeTe₂

Journal Article Casas, Brian W. ; Li, Yue ; Moon, Alex ; ... - Advanced Materials

Fe _5– _x GeTe ₂ is a centrosymmetric, layered van der Waals (vdW) ferromagnet that displays Curie temperatures T _c (270–330 K) that are within the useful range for spintronic applications. However, little is known about the interplay between its topological spin textures (e.g., merons, skyrmions) with technologically relevant transport properties such as the topological Hall effect (THE) or topological thermal transport. Here, via high‐resolution Lorentz transmission electron microscopy, it is shown that merons and anti‐meron pairs coexist with Néel skyrmions in Fe _5– _x GeTe ₂ over a wide range of temperatures and probe their effects on thermal andmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202212087

Full Text Available

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Title: Direct observation of the skyrmion Hall effect

Abstract

Citation Formats

Skyrmion Lattice in a Chiral Magnet journal, February 2009

Real-space observation of a two-dimensional skyrmion crystal journal, June 2010

Dynamics of Skyrmion Crystals in Metallic Thin Films journal, September 2011

Topological effects in nanomagnetism: from superparamagnetism to chiral quantum solitons journal, February 2012

Driven Skyrmions and Dynamical Transitions in Chiral Magnets journal, May 2013

Topological properties and dynamics of magnetic skyrmions journal, December 2013

Real-space Berry phases: Skyrmion soccer (invited) journal, May 2014

A reversible conversion between a skyrmion and a domain-wall pair in a junction geometry journal, August 2014

Dynamics and inertia of skyrmionic spin structures journal, February 2015

Emergent electrodynamics of skyrmions in a chiral magnet journal, February 2012

Unwinding of a Skyrmion Lattice by Magnetic Monopoles journal, May 2013

Spontaneous atomic-scale magnetic skyrmion lattice in two dimensions journal, July 2011

Dynamics of Dzyaloshinskii domain walls in ultrathin magnetic films journal, December 2012

Skyrmions on the track journal, March 2013

Novel Chiral Magnetic Domain Wall Structure in Fe / Ni / Cu ( 001 ) Films journal, April 2013

Nucleation, stability and current-induced motion of isolated magnetic skyrmions in nanostructures journal, October 2013

Skyrmion confinement in ultrathin film nanostructures in the presence of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction journal, November 2013

Blowing magnetic skyrmion bubbles journal, June 2015

Room temperature skyrmion ground state stabilized through interlayer exchange coupling journal, June 2015

Observation of room-temperature magnetic skyrmions and their current-driven dynamics in ultrathin metallic ferromagnets journal, February 2016

Room-temperature chiral magnetic skyrmions in ultrathin magnetic nanostructures journal, January 2016

Additive interfacial chiral interaction in multilayers for stabilization of small individual skyrmions at room temperature journal, January 2016

Room-Temperature Creation and Spin–Orbit Torque Manipulation of Skyrmions in Thin Films with Engineered Asymmetry journal, February 2016

Perpendicular switching of a single ferromagnetic layer induced by in-plane current injection journal, August 2011

Spin-Torque Switching with the Giant Spin Hall Effect of Tantalum journal, May 2012

Spin Hall Effects in Metals journal, October 2013

Switching of perpendicular magnetization by spin–orbit torques in the absence of external magnetic fields journal, May 2014

Edge instability in a chiral stripe domain under an electric current and skyrmion generation journal, July 2016

Steady-State Motion of Magnetic Domains journal, February 1973

A strategy for the design of skyrmion racetrack memories journal, October 2014

Magnetic bilayer-skyrmions without skyrmion Hall effect journal, January 2016

Spin Transfer Torques in MnSi at Ultralow Current Densities journal, December 2010

Capturing of a magnetic skyrmion with a hole journal, February 2015

Collective Transport Properties of Driven Skyrmions with Random Disorder journal, May 2015

Noise fluctuations and drive dependence of the skyrmion Hall effect in disordered systems journal, September 2016

Inertia and Chiral Edge Modes of a Skyrmion Magnetic Bubble journal, November 2012

Generation of magnetic skyrmion bubbles by inhomogeneous spin Hall currents journal, March 2016

Mobility of bubbles with small numbers of Bloch lines journal, November 1973

Current-driven dynamics of chiral ferromagnetic domain walls journal, June 2013

Measuring and tailoring the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in perpendicularly magnetized thin films journal, July 2014

Quantized transport for a skyrmion moving on a two-dimensional periodic substrate journal, March 2015

Particle model for skyrmions in metallic chiral magnets: Dynamics, pinning, and creep journal, June 2013

Surface twist instabilities and skyrmion states in chiral ferromagnets journal, July 2014

Colossal Spin Transfer Torque Effect on Skyrmion along the Edge journal, July 2014

Topological Hall Effect in the A Phase of MnSi journal, May 2009

Superconducting vortex pinning with artificial magnetic nanostructures journal, November 2008

Dynamics of Skyrmion Crystals in Metallic Thin Films text, January 2011

Surface twist instabilities and skyrmion states in chiral ferromagnets text, January 2014

Collective Transport Properties of Driven Skyrmions with Random Disorder text, January 2014

Edge instability in a chiral stripe domain under an electric current and skyrmion generation text, January 2015

Observation of Various and Spontaneous Magnetic Skyrmionic Bubbles at Room Temperature in a Frustrated Kagome Magnet with Uniaxial Magnetic Anisotropy journal, June 2017

Characterization and Manipulation of Spin Orbit Torque in Magnetic Heterostructures journal, February 2018

Current-Induced Skyrmion Generation through Morphological Thermal Transitions in Chiral Ferromagnetic Heterostructures journal, October 2018

Anatomy of Skyrmionic Textures in Magnetic Multilayers journal, February 2019

Modulation of Heavy Metal/Ferromagnetic Metal Interface for High‐Performance Spintronic Devices journal, June 2019

Manipulation of Magnetization by Spin-Orbit Torque journal, October 2018

Current-induced skyrmion generation and dynamics in symmetric bilayers journal, June 2017

Skyrmion Hall effect revealed by direct time-resolved X-ray microscopy journal, December 2016

Skyrmion Hall effect journal, January 2017

Skyrmion dynamics in a frustrated ferromagnetic film and current-induced helicity locking-unlocking transition journal, November 2017

Current-driven dynamics and inhibition of the skyrmion Hall effect of ferrimagnetic skyrmions in GdFeCo films journal, March 2018

Magnetostatic twists in room-temperature skyrmions explored by nitrogen-vacancy center spin texture reconstruction journal, July 2018

The evolution of skyrmions in Ir/Fe/Co/Pt multilayers and their topological Hall signature journal, March 2019

Formation and current-induced motion of synthetic antiferromagnetic skyrmion bubbles journal, November 2019

Diameter-independent skyrmion Hall angle observed in chiral magnetic multilayers journal, January 2020

Fast current-driven domain walls and small skyrmions in a compensated ferrimagnet journal, September 2018

Vanishing skyrmion Hall effect at the angular momentum compensation temperature of a ferrimagnet journal, January 2019

Controlled transformation of skyrmions and antiskyrmions in a non-centrosymmetric magnet journal, January 2020

Theory of current-driven skyrmions in disordered magnets journal, April 2018

Skyrmionium – high velocity without the skyrmion Hall effect journal, November 2018

Driven gyrotropic skyrmion motion through steps in magnetic anisotropy journal, April 2019

Effect of inter-layer spin diffusion on skyrmion motion in magnetic multilayers journal, July 2019

Robust Formation of Ultrasmall Room-Temperature Neél Skyrmions in Amorphous Ferrimagnets from Atomistic Simulations journal, July 2019

The role of temperature and drive current in skyrmion dynamics journal, January 2020

Efficient skyrmion transport mediated by a voltage controlled magnetic anisotropy gradient journal, January 2018

Controlled modification of skyrmion information in a three-terminal racetrack memory journal, January 2019

Skyrmion-based multi-channel racetrack journal, November 2017

Skyrmion Lattice in a Chiral Magnet
journal, February 2009

Real-space observation of a two-dimensional skyrmion crystal
journal, June 2010

Dynamics of Skyrmion Crystals in Metallic Thin Films
journal, September 2011

Topological effects in nanomagnetism: from superparamagnetism to chiral quantum solitons
journal, February 2012

Driven Skyrmions and Dynamical Transitions in Chiral Magnets
journal, May 2013

Topological properties and dynamics of magnetic skyrmions
journal, December 2013

Real-space Berry phases: Skyrmion soccer (invited)
journal, May 2014

A reversible conversion between a skyrmion and a domain-wall pair in a junction geometry
journal, August 2014

Dynamics and inertia of skyrmionic spin structures
journal, February 2015

Emergent electrodynamics of skyrmions in a chiral magnet
journal, February 2012

Unwinding of a Skyrmion Lattice by Magnetic Monopoles
journal, May 2013

Spontaneous atomic-scale magnetic skyrmion lattice in two dimensions
journal, July 2011

Dynamics of Dzyaloshinskii domain walls in ultrathin magnetic films
journal, December 2012

Skyrmions on the track
journal, March 2013

Novel Chiral Magnetic Domain Wall Structure in $Fe / Ni / Cu (001)$ Films
journal, April 2013

Nucleation, stability and current-induced motion of isolated magnetic skyrmions in nanostructures
journal, October 2013

Skyrmion confinement in ultrathin film nanostructures in the presence of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction
journal, November 2013

Blowing magnetic skyrmion bubbles
journal, June 2015

Room temperature skyrmion ground state stabilized through interlayer exchange coupling
journal, June 2015

Observation of room-temperature magnetic skyrmions and their current-driven dynamics in ultrathin metallic ferromagnets
journal, February 2016

Room-temperature chiral magnetic skyrmions in ultrathin magnetic nanostructures
journal, January 2016

Additive interfacial chiral interaction in multilayers for stabilization of small individual skyrmions at room temperature
journal, January 2016

Room-Temperature Creation and Spin–Orbit Torque Manipulation of Skyrmions in Thin Films with Engineered Asymmetry
journal, February 2016

Perpendicular switching of a single ferromagnetic layer induced by in-plane current injection
journal, August 2011

Spin-Torque Switching with the Giant Spin Hall Effect of Tantalum
journal, May 2012

Spin Hall Effects in Metals
journal, October 2013

Switching of perpendicular magnetization by spin–orbit torques in the absence of external magnetic fields
journal, May 2014

Edge instability in a chiral stripe domain under an electric current and skyrmion generation
journal, July 2016

Steady-State Motion of Magnetic Domains
journal, February 1973

A strategy for the design of skyrmion racetrack memories
journal, October 2014

Magnetic bilayer-skyrmions without skyrmion Hall effect
journal, January 2016

Spin Transfer Torques in MnSi at Ultralow Current Densities
journal, December 2010

Capturing of a magnetic skyrmion with a hole
journal, February 2015

Collective Transport Properties of Driven Skyrmions with Random Disorder
journal, May 2015

Noise fluctuations and drive dependence of the skyrmion Hall effect in disordered systems
journal, September 2016

Inertia and Chiral Edge Modes of a Skyrmion Magnetic Bubble
journal, November 2012

Generation of magnetic skyrmion bubbles by inhomogeneous spin Hall currents
journal, March 2016

Mobility of bubbles with small numbers of Bloch lines
journal, November 1973

Current-driven dynamics of chiral ferromagnetic domain walls
journal, June 2013

Measuring and tailoring the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in perpendicularly magnetized thin films
journal, July 2014

Quantized transport for a skyrmion moving on a two-dimensional periodic substrate
journal, March 2015

Particle model for skyrmions in metallic chiral magnets: Dynamics, pinning, and creep
journal, June 2013

Surface twist instabilities and skyrmion states in chiral ferromagnets
journal, July 2014

Colossal Spin Transfer Torque Effect on Skyrmion along the Edge
journal, July 2014

Topological Hall Effect in the $A$ Phase of MnSi
journal, May 2009

Superconducting vortex pinning with artificial magnetic nanostructures
journal, November 2008

Dynamics of Skyrmion Crystals in Metallic Thin Films
text, January 2011

Surface twist instabilities and skyrmion states in chiral ferromagnets
text, January 2014

Collective Transport Properties of Driven Skyrmions with Random Disorder
text, January 2014

Edge instability in a chiral stripe domain under an electric current and skyrmion generation
text, January 2015

Observation of Various and Spontaneous Magnetic Skyrmionic Bubbles at Room Temperature in a Frustrated Kagome Magnet with Uniaxial Magnetic Anisotropy
journal, June 2017

Characterization and Manipulation of Spin Orbit Torque in Magnetic Heterostructures
journal, February 2018

Current-Induced Skyrmion Generation through Morphological Thermal Transitions in Chiral Ferromagnetic Heterostructures
journal, October 2018

Anatomy of Skyrmionic Textures in Magnetic Multilayers
journal, February 2019

Modulation of Heavy Metal/Ferromagnetic Metal Interface for High‐Performance Spintronic Devices
journal, June 2019

Manipulation of Magnetization by Spin-Orbit Torque
journal, October 2018

Current-induced skyrmion generation and dynamics in symmetric bilayers
journal, June 2017

Skyrmion Hall effect revealed by direct time-resolved X-ray microscopy
journal, December 2016

Skyrmion Hall effect
journal, January 2017

Skyrmion dynamics in a frustrated ferromagnetic film and current-induced helicity locking-unlocking transition
journal, November 2017

Current-driven dynamics and inhibition of the skyrmion Hall effect of ferrimagnetic skyrmions in GdFeCo films
journal, March 2018

Magnetostatic twists in room-temperature skyrmions explored by nitrogen-vacancy center spin texture reconstruction
journal, July 2018

The evolution of skyrmions in Ir/Fe/Co/Pt multilayers and their topological Hall signature
journal, March 2019

Formation and current-induced motion of synthetic antiferromagnetic skyrmion bubbles
journal, November 2019

Diameter-independent skyrmion Hall angle observed in chiral magnetic multilayers
journal, January 2020

Fast current-driven domain walls and small skyrmions in a compensated ferrimagnet
journal, September 2018

Vanishing skyrmion Hall effect at the angular momentum compensation temperature of a ferrimagnet
journal, January 2019

Controlled transformation of skyrmions and antiskyrmions in a non-centrosymmetric magnet
journal, January 2020

Theory of current-driven skyrmions in disordered magnets
journal, April 2018

Skyrmionium – high velocity without the skyrmion Hall effect
journal, November 2018

Driven gyrotropic skyrmion motion through steps in magnetic anisotropy
journal, April 2019

Effect of inter-layer spin diffusion on skyrmion motion in magnetic multilayers
journal, July 2019

Robust Formation of Ultrasmall Room-Temperature Neél Skyrmions in Amorphous Ferrimagnets from Atomistic Simulations
journal, July 2019

The role of temperature and drive current in skyrmion dynamics
journal, January 2020

Efficient skyrmion transport mediated by a voltage controlled magnetic anisotropy gradient
journal, January 2018

Controlled modification of skyrmion information in a three-terminal racetrack memory
journal, January 2019

Skyrmion-based multi-channel racetrack
journal, November 2017

Realization of zero-field skyrmions with high-density via electromagnetic manipulation in Pt/Co/Ta multilayers
journal, November 2017

Skyrmion dynamics in width-varying nanotracks and implications for skyrmionic applications
journal, November 2017

Magnetic skyrmion bubble motion driven by surface acoustic waves
journal, March 2018