All-optical materials design of chiral edge modes in transition-metal dichalcogenides

Claassen, Martin; Jia, Chunjing; Moritz, Brian; Devereaux, Thomas P.

doi:10.1038/ncomms13074

Title: All-optical materials design of chiral edge modes in transition-metal dichalcogenides

Abstract

Monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides are novel materials which at low energies constitute a condensed-matter realization of massive relativistic fermions in two dimensions. Here, we show that this picture breaks for optical pumping—instead, the added complexity of a realistic materials description leads to a new mechanism to optically induce topologically protected chiral edge modes, facilitating optically switchable conduction channels that are insensitive to disorder. In contrast to graphene and previously discussed toy models, the underlying mechanism relies on the intrinsic three-band nature of transition-metal dichalcogenide monolayers near the band edges. Photo-induced band inversions scale linearly in applied pump field and exhibit transitions from one to two chiral edge modes on sweeping from red to blue detuning. As a result, we develop an ab initio strategy to understand non-equilibrium Floquet–Bloch bands and topological transitions, and illustrate for WS₂ that control of chiral edge modes can be dictated solely from symmetry principles and is not qualitatively sensitive to microscopic materials details.

Authors:

Claassen, Martin ^[1]; Jia, Chunjing ^[1];

^[2]; Devereaux, Thomas P. ^[1]

SLAC National Accelerator Lab. and Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA (United States)
SLAC National Accelerator Lab. and Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA (United States); Univ. of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND (United States)

Publication Date:: Mon Oct 10 00:00:00 EDT 2016

Research Org.:: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE

OSTI Identifier:: 1348405

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Nature Communications

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 7; Journal ID: ISSN 2041-1723

Publisher:: Nature Publishing Group

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; electronic properties and materials; theory and computation

Citation Formats


                    Claassen, Martin, Jia, Chunjing, Moritz, Brian, and Devereaux, Thomas P. All-optical materials design of chiral edge modes in transition-metal dichalcogenides.  United States: N. p., 2016. 
Web.  doi:10.1038/ncomms13074.

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                    Claassen, Martin, Jia, Chunjing, Moritz, Brian, & Devereaux, Thomas P. All-optical materials design of chiral edge modes in transition-metal dichalcogenides.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms13074

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                    Claassen, Martin, Jia, Chunjing, Moritz, Brian, and Devereaux, Thomas P. Mon .  
"All-optical materials design of chiral edge modes in transition-metal dichalcogenides".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms13074.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1348405.

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@article{osti_1348405,

  title        = {All-optical materials design of chiral edge modes in transition-metal dichalcogenides},

  author       = {Claassen, Martin and Jia, Chunjing and Moritz, Brian and Devereaux, Thomas P.},

  abstractNote = {Monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides are novel materials which at low energies constitute a condensed-matter realization of massive relativistic fermions in two dimensions. Here, we show that this picture breaks for optical pumping—instead, the added complexity of a realistic materials description leads to a new mechanism to optically induce topologically protected chiral edge modes, facilitating optically switchable conduction channels that are insensitive to disorder. In contrast to graphene and previously discussed toy models, the underlying mechanism relies on the intrinsic three-band nature of transition-metal dichalcogenide monolayers near the band edges. Photo-induced band inversions scale linearly in applied pump field and exhibit transitions from one to two chiral edge modes on sweeping from red to blue detuning. As a result, we develop an ab initio strategy to understand non-equilibrium Floquet–Bloch bands and topological transitions, and illustrate for WS2 that control of chiral edge modes can be dictated solely from symmetry principles and is not qualitatively sensitive to microscopic materials details.},

  doi          = {10.1038/ncomms13074},

  journal      = {Nature Communications},

  number       = ,

  volume       = 7,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Mon Oct 10 00:00:00 EDT 2016},

  month        = {Mon Oct 10 00:00:00 EDT 2016}

}

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https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1583/ac4957

Full Text Available
Observing photo-induced chiral edge states of graphene nanoribbons in pump-probe spectroscopies

Journal Article Chen, Yuan ; Wang, Yao ; Claassen, Martin ; ... - npj Quantum Materials

Photo-induced edge states in low-dimensional materials have attracted considerable attention due to the tunability of topological properties and dispersion. Specifically, graphene nanoribbons have been predicted to host chiral edge modes upon irradiation with circularly polarized light. Here, we present numerical calculations of time-resolved angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy and trRIXS of a graphene nanoribbon. We characterize pump-probe spectroscopic signatures of photo-induced edge states, illustrate the origin of distinct spectral features that arise from Floquet topological edge modes, and investigate the roles of incoming photon energies and finite core–hole lifetime in RIXS. With momentum, energy, and time resolution, pump-probe spectroscopies can playmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41535-020-00283-5

Full Text Available
Measuring Photoexcited Free Charge Carriers in Mono- to Few-Layer Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides with Steady-State Microwave Conductivity

Journal Article Blackburn, Jeffrey L. ; Zhang, Hanyu ; Myers, Alexis R. ; ... - Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters

We present that photoinduced generation of mobile charge carriers is the fundamental process underlying many applications, such as solar energy harvesting, solar fuel production, and efficient photodetectors. Monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are an attractive model system for studying photoinduced carrier generation mechanisms in low-dimensional materials because they possess strong direct band gap absorption, large exciton binding energies, and are only a few atoms thick. While a number of studies have observed charge generation in neat TMDCs for photoexcitation at, above, or even below the optical band gap, the role of nonlinear processes (resulting from high photon fluences), defect states, excessmore »« less
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https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03117

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Title: All-optical materials design of chiral edge modes in transition-metal dichalcogenides

Abstract

Citation Formats

Coupled Spin and Valley Physics in Monolayers of MoS 2 and Other Group-VI Dichalcogenides journal, May 2012

Spin Hall effect in spin-valley coupled monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides journal, September 2013

Observation of Floquet-Bloch States on the Surface of a Topological Insulator journal, October 2013

Effective lattice Hamiltonian for monolayer MoS 2 : Tailoring electronic structure with perpendicular electric and magnetic fields journal, August 2013

Selective scattering between Floquet–Bloch and Volkov states in a topological insulator journal, January 2016

Occupation of topological Floquet bands in open systems journal, June 2015

Light-Induced Superconductivity in a Stripe-Ordered Cuprate journal, January 2011

Floquet topological insulator in semiconductor quantum wells journal, March 2011

All-optical injection of charge, spin, and valley currents in monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides journal, February 2015

Quantum Anomalous Hall Effect in Hg 1 − y Mn y Te Quantum Wells journal, October 2008

wannier90: A tool for obtaining maximally-localised Wannier functions journal, May 2008

Photovoltaic Hall effect in graphene journal, February 2009

The band structures of some transition metal dichalcogenides. III. Group VIA: trigonal prism materials journal, April 1972

Band Structures of Transition-Metal-Dichalcogenide Layer Compounds journal, October 1973

Exciton Binding Energy of Monolayer WS2 journal, March 2015

Wien2wannier: From linearized augmented plane waves to maximally localized Wannier functions journal, November 2010

Valley-selective optical Stark effect in monolayer WS2 journal, December 2014

Photon-Inhibited Topological Transport in Quantum Well Heterostructures journal, September 2015

Spin-resolved optical conductivity of two-dimensional group-VIB transition-metal dichalcogenides journal, December 2014

Three-band tight-binding model for monolayers of group-VIB transition metal dichalcogenides journal, August 2013

Theory of Floquet band formation and local pseudospin textures in pump-probe photoemission of graphene journal, May 2015

Nonlinear lattice dynamics as a basis for enhanced superconductivity in YBa2Cu3O6.5 journal, December 2014

Ultrafast generation of pseudo-magnetic field for valley excitons in WSe 2 monolayers journal, December 2014

Tight-binding model and direct-gap/indirect-gap transition in single-layer and multilayer MoS 2 journal, August 2013

Photoinduced quantum spin and valley Hall effects, and orbital magnetization in monolayer MoS 2 journal, September 2014

Direct Optical Coupling to an Unoccupied Dirac Surface State in the Topological Insulator Bi 2 Se 3 journal, September 2013

Transient Electronic Structure and Melting of a Charge Density Wave in TbTe3 journal, September 2008

Transport properties of nonequilibrium systems under the application of light: Photoinduced quantum Hall insulators without Landau levels journal, December 2011

Transport Signatures of Floquet Majorana Fermions in Driven Topological Superconductors journal, September 2013

Intrinsic spin Hall effect in monolayers of group-VI dichalcogenides: A first-principles study journal, October 2012

Optical generation and detection of pure valley current in monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides journal, January 2015

A generic tight-binding model for monolayer, bilayer and bulk MoS 2 journal, May 2013

Exciton Binding Energy and Nonhydrogenic Rydberg Series in Monolayer WS 2 journal, August 2014

Monolayer MoS 2 : Trigonal warping, the Γ valley, and spin-orbit coupling effects journal, July 2013

Ultrafast transient generation of spin-density-wave order in the normal state of BaFe2As2 driven by coherent lattice vibrations journal, April 2012

Dissipative Floquet topological systems journal, November 2014

Spin--Orbit Coupling Effects in Two-Dimensional Electron and Hole Systems book, January 2003

Observation of Floquet-Bloch States on the Surface of a Topological Insulator conference, January 2014

Observation of Floquet-Bloch states on the surface of a topological insulator conference, January 2014

Photovoltaic Hall effect in graphene text, January 2008

Ultrafast transient generation of spin-densitywave order in the normal state of BaFe2As2 driven by coherent lattice vibrations text, January 2012

Intrinsic spin Hall effect in monolayers of group-VI dichalcogenides: A first-principles study text, January 2012

Transport signatures of Floquet Majorana fermions in driven topological superconductors text, January 2013

Spin Hall effect in spin-valley coupled monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides text, January 2013

Energy bands in graphene: Comparison between the tight-binding model and {\it ab initio} calculations text, January 2013

Exciton Binding Energy of Monolayer WS2 text, January 2014

Nonlinear valley and spin currents from Fermi pocket anisotropy in 2D crystals text, January 2014

Valley-selective optical Stark effect in monolayer WS2 text, January 2014

Ultrafast Generation of Pseudo-magnetic Field for Valley Excitons in WSe2 Monolayers text, January 2014

Optical generation and detection of pure valley current in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides text, January 2015

Occupation of topological Floquet bands in open systems text, January 2015

Photon Inhibited Topological Transport in Quantum Well Heterostructures text, January 2015

Selective scattering between Floquet-Bloch and Volkov states in a topological insulator text, January 2015

Theory of Floquet band formation and local pseudospin textures in pump-probe photoemission of graphene journal, May 2015

Ultrafast transient generation of spin-density-wave order in the normal state of BaFe2As2 driven by coherent lattice vibrations journal, April 2012

Valley-selective optical Stark effect in monolayer WS2 journal, December 2014

Energy bands in graphene: Comparison between the tight-binding model and ab initio calculations journal, April 2014

Nonlinear Valley and Spin Currents from Fermi Pocket Anisotropy in 2D Crystals journal, October 2014

Tight-binding model and direct-gap/indirect-gap transition in single-layer and multi-layer MoS$_2$ text, January 2013

Observation of Floquet-Bloch states on the surface of a topological insulator text, January 2013

Spin-resolved optical conductivity of two-dimensional group-VIB transition-metal dichalcogenides text, January 2014

Controlled Population of Floquet-Bloch States via Coupling to Bose and Fermi Baths text, January 2015

2D Materials for Optical Modulation: Challenges and Opportunities journal, February 2017

Macroscale Superlubricity Enabled by Graphene‐Coated Surfaces journal, January 2020

Dynamically Induced Excitonic Instability in Pumped Dirac Materials journal, December 2019

Photocarrier‐Induced Active Control of Second‐Order Optical Nonlinearity in Monolayer MoS 2 journal, January 2020

Electric Field and Light Field Modulated Josephson Effect in Silicene-Based SNS Josephson Junction: Andreev Reflection and Free Energy journal, April 2019

Topological mosaics in moiré superlattices of van der Waals heterobilayers journal, November 2016

Biexcitonic optical Stark effects in monolayer molybdenum diselenide journal, July 2018

Quantum interference in second-harmonic generation from monolayer WSe2 journal, January 2019

Theoretical understanding of photon spectroscopies in correlated materials in and out of equilibrium journal, August 2018

Distinguishing Majorana zero modes from impurity states through time-resolved transport journal, October 2019

Floquet analysis of excitations in materials journal, October 2019

The antiferromagnetic phase of the Floquet-driven Hubbard model journal, September 2019

Floquet spectrum and two-terminal conductance of a transition-metal dichalcogenide ribbon under a circularly polarized laser field journal, February 2019

Cavity quantum-electrodynamical polaritonically enhanced electron-phonon coupling and its influence on superconductivity journal, November 2018

Enhancing functionalities of atomically thin semiconductors with plasmonic nanostructures journal, March 2019

Coupled Spin and Valley Physics in Monolayers of ${MoS}_{2}$ and Other Group-VI Dichalcogenides
journal, May 2012

Spin Hall effect in spin-valley coupled monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides
journal, September 2013

Observation of Floquet-Bloch States on the Surface of a Topological Insulator
journal, October 2013

Effective lattice Hamiltonian for monolayer MoS $_{2}$ : Tailoring electronic structure with perpendicular electric and magnetic fields
journal, August 2013

Selective scattering between Floquet–Bloch and Volkov states in a topological insulator
journal, January 2016

Occupation of topological Floquet bands in open systems
journal, June 2015

Light-Induced Superconductivity in a Stripe-Ordered Cuprate
journal, January 2011

Floquet topological insulator in semiconductor quantum wells
journal, March 2011

All-optical injection of charge, spin, and valley currents in monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides
journal, February 2015

Quantum Anomalous Hall Effect in ${Hg}_{1 - y} {Mn}_{y} Te$ Quantum Wells
journal, October 2008

wannier90: A tool for obtaining maximally-localised Wannier functions
journal, May 2008

Photovoltaic Hall effect in graphene
journal, February 2009

The band structures of some transition metal dichalcogenides. III. Group VIA: trigonal prism materials
journal, April 1972

Band Structures of Transition-Metal-Dichalcogenide Layer Compounds
journal, October 1973

Exciton Binding Energy of Monolayer WS2
journal, March 2015

Wien2wannier: From linearized augmented plane waves to maximally localized Wannier functions
journal, November 2010

Valley-selective optical Stark effect in monolayer WS2
journal, December 2014

Photon-Inhibited Topological Transport in Quantum Well Heterostructures
journal, September 2015

Spin-resolved optical conductivity of two-dimensional group-VIB transition-metal dichalcogenides
journal, December 2014

Three-band tight-binding model for monolayers of group-VIB transition metal dichalcogenides
journal, August 2013

Theory of Floquet band formation and local pseudospin textures in pump-probe photoemission of graphene
journal, May 2015

Nonlinear lattice dynamics as a basis for enhanced superconductivity in YBa2Cu3O6.5
journal, December 2014

Ultrafast generation of pseudo-magnetic field for valley excitons in WSe ₂ monolayers
journal, December 2014

Tight-binding model and direct-gap/indirect-gap transition in single-layer and multilayer MoS $_{2}$
journal, August 2013

Photoinduced quantum spin and valley Hall effects, and orbital magnetization in monolayer ${MoS}_{2}$
journal, September 2014

Direct Optical Coupling to an Unoccupied Dirac Surface State in the Topological Insulator ${Bi}_{2} {Se}_{3}$
journal, September 2013

Transient Electronic Structure and Melting of a Charge Density Wave in TbTe3
journal, September 2008

Transport properties of nonequilibrium systems under the application of light: Photoinduced quantum Hall insulators without Landau levels
journal, December 2011

Transport Signatures of Floquet Majorana Fermions in Driven Topological Superconductors
journal, September 2013

Intrinsic spin Hall effect in monolayers of group-VI dichalcogenides: A first-principles study
journal, October 2012

Optical generation and detection of pure valley current in monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides
journal, January 2015

A generic tight-binding model for monolayer, bilayer and bulk MoS ₂
journal, May 2013

Exciton Binding Energy and Nonhydrogenic Rydberg Series in Monolayer ${WS}_{2}$
journal, August 2014

Monolayer MoS $_{2}$ : Trigonal warping, the $Γ$ valley, and spin-orbit coupling effects
journal, July 2013

Ultrafast transient generation of spin-density-wave order in the normal state of BaFe2As2 driven by coherent lattice vibrations
journal, April 2012

Dissipative Floquet topological systems
journal, November 2014

Spin--Orbit Coupling Effects in Two-Dimensional Electron and Hole Systems
book, January 2003

Observation of Floquet-Bloch States on the Surface of a Topological Insulator
conference, January 2014

Observation of Floquet-Bloch states on the surface of a topological insulator
conference, January 2014

Photovoltaic Hall effect in graphene
text, January 2008

Ultrafast transient generation of spin-densitywave order in the normal state of BaFe2As2 driven by coherent lattice vibrations
text, January 2012

Intrinsic spin Hall effect in monolayers of group-VI dichalcogenides: A first-principles study
text, January 2012

Transport signatures of Floquet Majorana fermions in driven topological superconductors
text, January 2013

Spin Hall effect in spin-valley coupled monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides
text, January 2013

Energy bands in graphene: Comparison between the tight-binding model and {\it ab initio} calculations
text, January 2013

Exciton Binding Energy of Monolayer WS2
text, January 2014

Nonlinear valley and spin currents from Fermi pocket anisotropy in 2D crystals
text, January 2014

Valley-selective optical Stark effect in monolayer WS2
text, January 2014

Ultrafast Generation of Pseudo-magnetic Field for Valley Excitons in WSe2 Monolayers
text, January 2014

Optical generation and detection of pure valley current in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides
text, January 2015

Occupation of topological Floquet bands in open systems
text, January 2015

Photon Inhibited Topological Transport in Quantum Well Heterostructures
text, January 2015

Selective scattering between Floquet-Bloch and Volkov states in a topological insulator
text, January 2015

Theory of Floquet band formation and local pseudospin textures in pump-probe photoemission of graphene
journal, May 2015

Ultrafast transient generation of spin-density-wave order in the normal state of BaFe2As2 driven by coherent lattice vibrations
journal, April 2012

Valley-selective optical Stark effect in monolayer WS2
journal, December 2014

Energy bands in graphene: Comparison between the tight-binding model and ab initio calculations
journal, April 2014

Nonlinear Valley and Spin Currents from Fermi Pocket Anisotropy in 2D Crystals
journal, October 2014

Tight-binding model and direct-gap/indirect-gap transition in single-layer and multi-layer MoS$_2$
text, January 2013

Observation of Floquet-Bloch states on the surface of a topological insulator
text, January 2013

Spin-resolved optical conductivity of two-dimensional group-VIB transition-metal dichalcogenides
text, January 2014

Controlled Population of Floquet-Bloch States via Coupling to Bose and Fermi Baths
text, January 2015

2D Materials for Optical Modulation: Challenges and Opportunities
journal, February 2017

Macroscale Superlubricity Enabled by Graphene‐Coated Surfaces
journal, January 2020

Dynamically Induced Excitonic Instability in Pumped Dirac Materials
journal, December 2019

Photocarrier‐Induced Active Control of Second‐Order Optical Nonlinearity in Monolayer MoS ₂
journal, January 2020

Electric Field and Light Field Modulated Josephson Effect in Silicene-Based SNS Josephson Junction: Andreev Reflection and Free Energy
journal, April 2019

Topological mosaics in moiré superlattices of van der Waals heterobilayers
journal, November 2016

Biexcitonic optical Stark effects in monolayer molybdenum diselenide
journal, July 2018

Quantum interference in second-harmonic generation from monolayer WSe2
journal, January 2019

Theoretical understanding of photon spectroscopies in correlated materials in and out of equilibrium
journal, August 2018

Distinguishing Majorana zero modes from impurity states through time-resolved transport
journal, October 2019

Floquet analysis of excitations in materials
journal, October 2019

The antiferromagnetic phase of the Floquet-driven Hubbard model
journal, September 2019

Floquet spectrum and two-terminal conductance of a transition-metal dichalcogenide ribbon under a circularly polarized laser field
journal, February 2019

Cavity quantum-electrodynamical polaritonically enhanced electron-phonon coupling and its influence on superconductivity
journal, November 2018

Enhancing functionalities of atomically thin semiconductors with plasmonic nanostructures
journal, March 2019

Quantum interference in second-harmonic generation from monolayer WSe2
text, January 2019

Light-induced d-wave superconductivity through Floquet-engineered Fermi surfaces in cuprates
text, January 2018

The antiferromagnetic phase of the Floquet-driven Hubbard model
text, January 2018