Direct solar-to-hydrogen conversion via inverted metamorphic multi-junction semiconductor architectures
Abstract
Solar water splitting via multi-junction semiconductor photoelectrochemical cells provides direct conversion of solar energy to stored chemical energy as hydrogen bonds. Economical hydrogen production demands high conversion efficiency to reduce balance-of-systems costs. For sufficient photovoltage, water-splitting efficiency is proportional to the device photocurrent, which can be tuned by judicious selection and integration of optimal semiconductor bandgaps. Here, we demonstrate highly efficient, immersed water-splitting electrodes enabled by inverted metamorphic epitaxy and a transparent graded buffer that allows the bandgap of each junction to be independently varied. Voltage losses at the electrolyte interface are reduced by 0.55 V over traditional, uniformly p-doped photocathodes by using a buried p-n junction. Lastly, advanced on-sun benchmarking, spectrally corrected and validated with incident photon-to-current efficiency, yields over 16% solar-to-hydrogen efficiency with GaInP/GaInAs tandem absorbers, representing a 60% improvement over the classical, high-efficiency tandem III-V device.
- Authors:
-
- National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
- National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Philipps-Univ. Marburg, Marburg (Germany)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Sustainable Transportation Office. Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technologies Office
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1348150
- Report Number(s):
- NREL/JA-5900-66837
Journal ID: ISSN 2058-7546
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC36-08GO28308
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Nature Energy
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 2; Journal Issue: 4; Journal ID: ISSN 2058-7546
- Publisher:
- Nature Publishing Group
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 14 SOLAR ENERGY; 71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICS; solar water splitting; inverted metamorphic multijunction semiconductors; III-V semiconductors; devices for energy harvesting; electrocatalysis; hydrogen fuel; solar fuels
Citation Formats
Young, James L., Steiner, Myles A., Döscher, Henning, France, Ryan M., Turner, John A., and Deutsch, Todd G. Direct solar-to-hydrogen conversion via inverted metamorphic multi-junction semiconductor architectures. United States: N. p., 2017.
Web. doi:10.1038/nenergy.2017.28.
Young, James L., Steiner, Myles A., Döscher, Henning, France, Ryan M., Turner, John A., & Deutsch, Todd G. Direct solar-to-hydrogen conversion via inverted metamorphic multi-junction semiconductor architectures. United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/nenergy.2017.28
Young, James L., Steiner, Myles A., Döscher, Henning, France, Ryan M., Turner, John A., and Deutsch, Todd G. Mon .
"Direct solar-to-hydrogen conversion via inverted metamorphic multi-junction semiconductor architectures". United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/nenergy.2017.28. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1348150.
@article{osti_1348150,
title = {Direct solar-to-hydrogen conversion via inverted metamorphic multi-junction semiconductor architectures},
author = {Young, James L. and Steiner, Myles A. and Döscher, Henning and France, Ryan M. and Turner, John A. and Deutsch, Todd G.},
abstractNote = {Solar water splitting via multi-junction semiconductor photoelectrochemical cells provides direct conversion of solar energy to stored chemical energy as hydrogen bonds. Economical hydrogen production demands high conversion efficiency to reduce balance-of-systems costs. For sufficient photovoltage, water-splitting efficiency is proportional to the device photocurrent, which can be tuned by judicious selection and integration of optimal semiconductor bandgaps. Here, we demonstrate highly efficient, immersed water-splitting electrodes enabled by inverted metamorphic epitaxy and a transparent graded buffer that allows the bandgap of each junction to be independently varied. Voltage losses at the electrolyte interface are reduced by 0.55 V over traditional, uniformly p-doped photocathodes by using a buried p-n junction. Lastly, advanced on-sun benchmarking, spectrally corrected and validated with incident photon-to-current efficiency, yields over 16% solar-to-hydrogen efficiency with GaInP/GaInAs tandem absorbers, representing a 60% improvement over the classical, high-efficiency tandem III-V device.},
doi = {10.1038/nenergy.2017.28},
journal = {Nature Energy},
number = 4,
volume = 2,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Mar 13 00:00:00 EDT 2017},
month = {Mon Mar 13 00:00:00 EDT 2017}
}
Web of Science
Works referenced in this record:
A taxonomy for solar fuels generators
journal, January 2015
- Nielander, Adam C.; Shaner, Matthew R.; Papadantonakis, Kimberly M.
- Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 8, Issue 1
Translation of device performance measurements to reference conditions
journal, September 1986
- Osterwald, C. R.
- Solar Cells, Vol. 18, Issue 3-4
Life-cycle net energy assessment of large-scale hydrogen production via photoelectrochemical water splitting
journal, January 2014
- Sathre, Roger; Scown, Corinne D.; Morrow, William R.
- Energy Environ. Sci., Vol. 7, Issue 10
Epitaxial Lift-Off for large area thin film III/V devices
journal, March 2005
- Schermer, J. J.; Mulder, P.; Bauhuis, G. J.
- physica status solidi (a), Vol. 202, Issue 4
Photoelectrochemical Cells
journal, February 1980
- Nozik, A. J.
- Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 295, Issue 1414
Scalability and feasibility of photoelectrochemical H 2 evolution: the ultimate limit of Pt nanoparticle as an HER catalyst
journal, January 2015
- Kemppainen, E.; Bodin, A.; Sebok, B.
- Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 8, Issue 10
Solar-hydrogen: Environmentally safe fuel for the future
journal, April 2005
- Nowotny, J.; Sorrell, C.; Sheppard, L.
- International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 30, Issue 5
Pt–Ru Alloyed Fuel Cell Catalysts Sputtered from a Single Alloyed Target
journal, August 2011
- Dameron, Arrelaine A.; Olson, Tim S.; Christensen, Steven T.
- ACS Catalysis, Vol. 1, Issue 10
Photo-electrochemical hydrogen generation from water using solar energy. Materials-related aspects
journal, October 2002
- Bak, T.; Nowotny, J.; Rekas, M.
- International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 27, Issue 10
Artificial Photosynthesis: Solar Splitting of Water to Hydrogen and Oxygen
journal, March 1995
- Bard, Allen J.; Fox, Marye Anne
- Accounts of Chemical Research, Vol. 28, Issue 3
Solar-to-hydrogen efficiency: shining light on photoelectrochemical device performance
journal, January 2016
- Döscher, H.; Young, J. L.; Geisz, J. F.
- Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 9, Issue 1
High-efficiency GaInP∕GaAs∕InGaAs triple-junction solar cells grown inverted with a metamorphic bottom junction
journal, July 2007
- Geisz, J. F.; Kurtz, Sarah; Wanlass, M. W.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 91, Issue 2, Article No. 023502
Photoelectrochemistry: Applications to Solar Energy Conversion
journal, October 1978
- Nozik, A. J.
- Annual Review of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 29, Issue 1
Metamorphic III–V Solar Cells: Recent Progress and Potential
journal, January 2016
- Garcia, Ivan; France, Ryan M.; Geisz, John F.
- IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, Vol. 6, Issue 1
An efficient photocathode for semiconductor liquid junction cells: 9.4% solar conversion efficiency with p-InP/VCl3-VCl2-HCl/C
journal, October 1980
- Heller, A.; Miller, B.; Lewerenz, H. J.
- Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 102, Issue 21
High-efficiency thin-film InGaP/InGaAs/Ge tandem solar cells enabled by controlled spalling technology
journal, January 2012
- Shahrjerdi, D.; Bedell, S. W.; Ebert, C.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 100, Issue 5
Experimental demonstrations of spontaneous, solar-driven photoelectrochemical water splitting
journal, January 2015
- Ager, Joel W.; Shaner, Matthew R.; Walczak, Karl A.
- Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 8, Issue 10
Band parameters for III–V compound semiconductors and their alloys
journal, June 2001
- Vurgaftman, I.; Meyer, J. R.; Ram-Mohan, L. R.
- Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 89, Issue 11, p. 5815-5875
A Monolithic Photovoltaic-Photoelectrochemical Device for Hydrogen Production via Water Splitting
journal, April 1998
- Khaselev, O.
- Science, Vol. 280, Issue 5362
Technical and economic feasibility of centralized facilities for solar hydrogen production via photocatalysis and photoelectrochemistry
journal, January 2013
- Pinaud, Blaise A.; Benck, Jesse D.; Seitz, Linsey C.
- Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 6, Issue 7
An analysis of the optimal band gaps of light absorbers in integrated tandem photoelectrochemical water-splitting systems
journal, January 2013
- Hu, Shu; Xiang, Chengxiang; Haussener, Sophia
- Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 6, Issue 10
Efficiency of Splitting Water with Semiconducting Photoelectrodes
journal, January 1984
- Weber, Michael F.
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 131, Issue 6
Metamorphic epitaxy for multijunction solar cells
journal, March 2016
- France, Ryan M.; Dimroth, Frank; Grassman, Tyler J.
- MRS Bulletin, Vol. 41, Issue 3
Reduction of crosshatch roughness and threading dislocation density in metamorphic GaInP buffers and GaInAs solar cells
journal, May 2012
- France, R. M.; Geisz, J. F.; Steiner, M. A.
- Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 111, Issue 10
Limiting and realizable efficiencies of solar photolysis of water
journal, August 1985
- Bolton, James R.; Strickler, Stewart J.; Connolly, John S.
- Nature, Vol. 316, Issue 6028, p. 495-500
Remarkable stability of unmodified GaAs photocathodes during hydrogen evolution in acidic electrolyte
journal, January 2016
- Young, J. L.; Steirer, K. X.; Dzara, M. J.
- Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 4, Issue 8
Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Evolution Using Si Microwire Arrays
journal, January 2011
- Boettcher, Shannon W.; Warren, Emily L.; Putnam, Morgan C.
- Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 133, Issue 5, p. 1216-1219
Suppression of Band Edge Migration at the p-GaInP 2 /H 2 O Interface under Illumination via Catalysis
journal, July 2000
- Bansal, Ashish; Turner, John A.
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 104, Issue 28
Sunlight absorption in water – efficiency and design implications for photoelectrochemical devices
journal, January 2014
- Döscher, H.; Geisz, J. F.; Deutsch, T. G.
- Energy Environ. Sci., Vol. 7, Issue 9
Efficiency of solar water splitting using semiconductor electrodes
journal, November 2006
- Murphy, A.; Barnes, P.; Randeniya, L.
- International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 31, Issue 14
Arsenic Formation on GaAs during Etching in HF Solutions: Relevance for the Epitaxial Lift-Off Process
journal, December 2012
- Smeenk, N. J.; Engel, J.; Mulder, P.
- ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology, Vol. 2, Issue 3
On the efficiency and stability of photoelectrochemical devices
journal, December 1984
- Parkinson, Bruce
- Accounts of Chemical Research, Vol. 17, Issue 12
Efficient direct solar-to-hydrogen conversion by in situ interface transformation of a tandem structure
journal, September 2015
- May, Matthias M.; Lewerenz, Hans-Joachim; Lackner, David
- Nature Communications, Vol. 6, Issue 1
Optical enhancement of the open-circuit voltage in high quality GaAs solar cells
journal, March 2013
- Steiner, M. A.; Geisz, J. F.; García, I.
- Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 113, Issue 12
Development of lattice-matched 1.7 eV GalnAsP solar cells grown on GaAs by MOVPE
conference, June 2016
- Jain, Nikhil; Oshima, Ryuji; France, Ryan
- 2016 IEEE 43rd Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
Works referencing / citing this record:
Spinel Structural Disorder Influences Solar-Water-Splitting Performance of ZnFe 2 O 4 Nanorod Photoanodes
journal, July 2018
- Zhu, Xiaodi; Guijarro, Néstor; Liu, Yongpeng
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 34
Plasmon‐Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting for Efficient Renewable Energy Storage
journal, December 2018
- Mascaretti, Luca; Dutta, Aveek; Kment, Štěpán
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 31, Issue 31
Towards Solar Methanol: Past, Present, and Future
journal, February 2019
- Tountas, Athanasios A.; Peng, Xinyue; Tavasoli, Alexandra V.
- Advanced Science, Vol. 6, Issue 8
Organic Semiconductor Based Devices for Solar Water Splitting
journal, October 2018
- Yao, Liang; Rahmanudin, Aiman; Guijarro, Néstor
- Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 32
Coating Polymeric Carbon Nitride Photoanodes on Conductive Y:ZnO Nanorod Arrays for Overall Water Splitting
journal, July 2018
- Fang, Yuanxing; Xu, Yuntao; Li, Xiaochun
- Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 57, Issue 31
Strategies for Plasmonic Hot-Electron-Driven Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
journal, January 2018
- Ghobadi, Turkan Gamze Ulusoy; Ghobadi, Amir; Ozbay, Ekmel
- ChemPhotoChem, Vol. 2, Issue 3
Kinetic Competition between Water‐Splitting and Photocorrosion Reactions in Photoelectrochemical Devices
journal, November 2018
- Nandjou, Fredy; Haussener, Sophia
- ChemSusChem, Vol. 12, Issue 9
Engineering the Surface of a Polymeric Photocatalyst for Stable Solar‐to‐Chemical Fuel Conversion from Seawater
journal, June 2019
- Mishra, Biswajit; Mishra, Sabyasachi; Satpati, Biswarup
- ChemSusChem, Vol. 12, Issue 14
A Stand‐Alone Module for Solar‐Driven H 2 Production Coupled with Redox‐Mediated Sulfide Remediation
journal, August 2019
- Obata, Keisuke; Shinohara, Yuuki; Tanabe, Shinichi
- Energy Technology, Vol. 7, Issue 10
Scalable Core–Shell MoS 2 /Sb 2 Se 3 Nanorod Array Photocathodes for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
journal, November 2019
- Guo, Liping; Shinde, Pravin S.; Ma, Yanxiao
- Solar RRL, Vol. 4, Issue 3
A photochemical diode artificial photosynthesis system for unassisted high efficiency overall pure water splitting
journal, April 2018
- Chowdhury, Faqrul A.; Trudeau, Michel L.; Guo, Hong
- Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1
High performance III-V photoelectrodes for solar water splitting via synergistically tailored structure and stoichiometry
journal, July 2019
- Lim, Haneol; Young, James L.; Geisz, John F.
- Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1
An efficient and stable photoelectrochemical system with 9% solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency via InGaP/GaAs double junction
journal, November 2019
- Varadhan, Purushothaman; Fu, Hui-Chun; Kao, Yu-Cheng
- Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1
A thermally synergistic photo-electrochemical hydrogen generator operating under concentrated solar irradiation
journal, April 2019
- Tembhurne, Saurabh; Nandjou, Fredy; Haussener, Sophia
- Nature Energy, Vol. 4, Issue 5
Quantum dot activated indium gallium nitride on silicon as photoanode for solar hydrogen generation
journal, January 2019
- Kumar, Praveen; Devi, Pooja; Jain, Rishabh
- Communications Chemistry, Vol. 2, Issue 1
Efficient solar-driven electrochemical CO 2 reduction to hydrocarbons and oxygenates
journal, January 2017
- Gurudayal, Gurudayal; Bullock, James; Srankó, Dávid F.
- Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 10, Issue 10
Vapor-fed solar hydrogen production exceeding 15% efficiency using earth abundant catalysts and anion exchange membrane
journal, January 2017
- Heremans, Gino; Trompoukis, Christos; Daems, Nick
- Sustainable Energy & Fuels, Vol. 1, Issue 10
Production of solar chemicals: gaining selectivity with hybrid molecule/semiconductor assemblies
journal, January 2018
- Hennessey, Seán; Farràs, Pau
- Chemical Communications, Vol. 54, Issue 50
TiO 2 /TiN core/shell nanobelts for efficient solar hydrogen generation
journal, January 2018
- Yu, Xin; Zhao, Zhenhuan; Sun, Deihui
- Chemical Communications, Vol. 54, Issue 47
Interaction of liquid water with the p-GaInP 2 (100) surface covered with submonolayer oxide
journal, January 2018
- Hajduk, Andreas; Lebedev, Mikhail V.; Kaiser, Bernhard
- Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 20, Issue 32
From CO 2 methanation to ambitious long-chain hydrocarbons: alternative fuels paving the path to sustainability
journal, January 2019
- Marques Mota, Filipe; Kim, Dong Ha
- Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 48, Issue 1
Single-crystal silicon-based electrodes for unbiased solar water splitting: current status and prospects
journal, January 2019
- Luo, Zhibin; Wang, Tuo; Gong, Jinlong
- Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 48, Issue 7
Toward practical solar hydrogen production – an artificial photosynthetic leaf-to-farm challenge
journal, January 2019
- Kim, Jin Hyun; Hansora, Dharmesh; Sharma, Pankaj
- Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 48, Issue 7
Thin film photoelectrodes for solar water splitting
journal, January 2019
- He, Yumin; Hamann, Thomas; Wang, Dunwei
- Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 48, Issue 7
Calculations of theoretical efficiencies for electrochemically-mediated tandem solar water splitting as a function of bandgap energies and redox shuttle potential
journal, January 2019
- Keene, Sam; Bala Chandran, Rohini; Ardo, Shane
- Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 12, Issue 1
Unbiased solar H 2 production with current density up to 23 mA cm −2 by Swiss-cheese black Si coupled with wastewater bioanode
journal, January 2019
- Lu, Lu; Vakki, Waltteri; Aguiar, Jeffery A.
- Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 12, Issue 3
Advancing semiconductor–electrocatalyst systems: application of surface transformation films and nanosphere lithography
journal, January 2018
- Brinkert, Katharina; Richter, Matthias H.; Akay, Ömer
- Faraday Discussions, Vol. 208
Stimulating bioplastic production with light energy by coupling Ralstonia eutropha with the photocatalyst graphitic carbon nitride
journal, January 2019
- Xu, Mengying; Tremblay, Pier-Luc; Jiang, Linlin
- Green Chemistry, Vol. 21, Issue 9
Membrane-less photoelectrochemical devices for H 2 O 2 production: efficiency limit and operational constraint
journal, January 2019
- Hu, Shu
- Sustainable Energy & Fuels, Vol. 3, Issue 1
Computation and assessment of solar electrolyzer field performance: comparing coupling strategies
journal, January 2019
- Sriramagiri, Gowri M.; Luc, Wesley; Jiao, Feng
- Sustainable Energy & Fuels, Vol. 3, Issue 2
A bright outlook on organic photoelectrochemical cells for water splitting
journal, January 2018
- Steier, Ludmilla; Holliday, Sarah
- Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 44
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) electrodes for energy conversion and storage: a review on photoelectrochemical water splitting, solar cells and supercapacitors
journal, January 2018
- Safaei, Javad; Mohamed, Nurul Aida; Mohamad Noh, Mohamad Firdaus
- Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 45
Electronic structure of aqueous-phase anatase titanium dioxide nanoparticles probed by liquid jet photoelectron spectroscopy
journal, January 2019
- Ali, Hebatallah; Seidel, Robert; Bergmann, Arno
- Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 12
Creating stable interfaces between reactive materials: titanium nitride protects photoabsorber–catalyst interface in water-splitting photocathodes
journal, January 2019
- Hwang, Shinjae; Porter, Spencer H.; Laursen, Anders B.
- Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 5
Ultrafast probes at the interfaces of solar energy conversion materials
journal, January 2019
- Chen, Xihan; Wang, Kang; Beard, Matthew C.
- Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 21, Issue 30
The elusive photocatalytic water splitting reaction using sunlight on suspended nanoparticles: is there a way forward?
journal, January 2020
- Idriss, Hicham
- Catalysis Science & Technology, Vol. 10, Issue 2
Black phosphorus quantum dots facilitate carrier separation for enhancing hydrogen production over hierarchical Cu 7 S 4 /ZnIn 2 S 4 composites
journal, January 2020
- Zhang, Quan; Zhang, Juhua; Zhang, Lu
- Catalysis Science & Technology, Vol. 10, Issue 4
A series of silver doped butterfly-like Ti 8 Ag 2 clusters with two Ag ions panelled on a Ti 8 surface
journal, January 2019
- Yu, You-Zhu; Guo, Yao; Zhang, Yan-Ru
- Dalton Transactions, Vol. 48, Issue 35
Efficiency and stability of narrow-gap semiconductor-based photoelectrodes
journal, January 2019
- Zheng, Jianyun; Zhou, Huaijuan; Zou, Yuqin
- Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 12, Issue 8
Comment on “Unbiased solar H 2 production with current density up to 23 mA cm −2 by Swiss-cheese black Si coupled with wastewater bioanode” by L. Lu, W. Vakki, J. A. Aguiar, C. Xiao, K. Hurst, M. Fairchild, X. Chen, F. Yang, J. Gu and Z. J. Ren, Energy Environ. Sci. , 2019, 12 , 1088
journal, January 2019
- Lu, Lu; Gu, Jing; Ren, Zhiyong Jason
- Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 12, Issue 11
A highly [001]-textured Sb 2 Se 3 photocathode for efficient photoelectrochemical water reduction
journal, January 2019
- Zhou, Hongpeng; Feng, Menglei; Song, Kena
- Nanoscale, Vol. 11, Issue 47
A methodological review on material growth and synthesis of solar-driven water splitting photoelectrochemical cells
journal, January 2019
- Park, Kwangwook; Kim, Yeong Jae; Yoon, Taeho
- RSC Advances, Vol. 9, Issue 52
Solar hydrogen production: a bottom-up analysis of different photovoltaic–electrolysis pathways
journal, January 2019
- Reuß, M.; Reul, J.; Grube, T.
- Sustainable Energy & Fuels, Vol. 3, Issue 3
Numerical Monte Carlo simulations of charge transport across the surface of dye and cocatalyst modified spherical nanoparticles under conditions of pulsed or continuous illumination
journal, January 2019
- Tkaczibson, Kevin; Ardo, Shane
- Sustainable Energy & Fuels, Vol. 3, Issue 6
Elucidating charge separation in particulate photocatalysts using nearly intrinsic semiconductors with small asymmetric band bending
journal, January 2019
- Pan, Zhenhua; Röhr, Jason A.; Ye, Zuyang
- Sustainable Energy & Fuels, Vol. 3, Issue 3
Photoelectrochemical water splitting using strain-balanced multiple quantum well photovoltaic cells
journal, January 2019
- Steiner, Myles A.; Barraugh, Collin D.; Aldridge, Chase W.
- Sustainable Energy & Fuels, Vol. 3, Issue 10
A perspective on practical solar to carbon monoxide production devices with economic evaluation
journal, January 2020
- Chae, Sang Youn; Lee, Si Young; Han, Sung Gyu
- Sustainable Energy & Fuels, Vol. 4, Issue 1
Practical challenges in the development of photoelectrochemical solar fuels production
journal, January 2020
- Spitler, Mark T.; Modestino, Miguel A.; Deutsch, Todd G.
- Sustainable Energy & Fuels, Vol. 4, Issue 3
Three-terminal III–V/Si tandem solar cells enabled by a transparent conductive adhesive
journal, January 2020
- Schnabel, Manuel; Schulte-Huxel, Henning; Rienäcker, Michael
- Sustainable Energy & Fuels
Highly efficient and durable III–V semiconductor-catalyst photocathodes via a transparent protection layer
journal, January 2020
- Hwang, Shinjae; Young, James L.; Mow, Rachel
- Sustainable Energy & Fuels, Vol. 4, Issue 3
High-efficiency inverted metamorphic 1.7/1.1 eV GaInAsP/GaInAs dual-junction solar cells
journal, January 2018
- Jain, Nikhil; Schulte, Kevin L.; Geisz, John F.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 112, Issue 5
Surface chemistry and photoelectrochemistry—Case study on tantalum nitride
journal, October 2019
- He, Yumin; Chen, Rong; Fa, Wenjun
- The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 151, Issue 13
Single nanoparticle photoelectrochemistry: What is next?
journal, November 2019
- Wang, Li; Schmid, Merranda; Sambur, Justin B.
- The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 151, Issue 18
Tandem photoelectrochemical cells for solar water splitting
journal, January 2018
- Chen, Qi; Fan, Guozheng; Fu, Hongwei
- Advances in Physics: X, Vol. 3, Issue 1
A study of the strain distribution by scanning X-ray diffraction on GaP/Si for III–V monolithic integration on silicon
journal, July 2019
- Zhou, Ang; Ping Wang, Yan; Cornet, Charles
- Journal of Applied Crystallography, Vol. 52, Issue 4
Nanostructured LaFeO 3 Photocathodes with Onset Potentials for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Over 1.4 V vs. RHE
journal, January 2019
- Sun, Xin; Tiwari, Devendra; Fermin, David J.
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 15
Amorphous Cu 2-δ O as Passivation Layer for Ultra Long Stability of Copper Oxide Nanowires in Photoelectrochemical Environments
journal, January 2018
- Banerjee, Sriya; Wu, Fei; Myung, Yoon
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 165, Issue 7
Editors' Choice—A Monolithic Photoelectrochemical Device Evolving Hydrogen in Pure Water
journal, January 2019
- Kistler, Tobias A.; Danilovic, Nemanja; Agbo, Peter
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 13
Tin and Oxygen-Vacancy Co-doping into Hematite Photoanode for Improved Photoelectrochemical Performances
journal, March 2020
- Xiao, Chenhong; Zhou, Zhongyuan; Li, Liujing
- Nanoscale Research Letters, Vol. 15, Issue 1
Green Synthetic Fuels: Renewable Routes for the Conversion of Non-Fossil Feedstocks into Gaseous Fuels and Their End Uses
journal, January 2020
- Rozzi, Elena; Minuto, Francesco Demetrio; Lanzini, Andrea
- Energies, Vol. 13, Issue 2
Photoelectrochemical cells for solar hydrogen production: Challenges and opportunities
journal, August 2019
- Chiu, Yi-Hsuan; Lai, Ting-Hsuan; Kuo, Ming-Yu
- APL Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 8
Recent Advances and Emerging Trends in Photo-Electrochemical Solar Energy Conversion
text, January 2019
- Tilley, S. David
- Wiley-VCH Verlag
Recent Advances and Emerging Trends in Photo-Electrochemical Solar Energy Conversion
journal, November 2018
- Tilley, S. David
- Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 9, Issue 2
Coating Polymeric Carbon Nitride Photoanodes on Conductive Y:ZnO Nanorod Arrays for Overall Water Splitting
journal, July 2018
- Fang, Yuanxing; Xu, Yuntao; Li, Xiaochun
- Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 130, Issue 31
Advancing semiconductor–electrocatalyst systems
text, January 2018
- Brinkert, Katharina; Richter, Matthias H.; Akay, Ömer
- Freie Universität Berlin
A photochemical diode artificial photosynthesis system for unassisted high efficiency overall pure water splitting
journal, April 2018
- Chowdhury, Faqrul A.; Trudeau, Michel L.; Guo, Hong
- Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1
Efficient solar hydrogen generation in microgravity environment
journal, July 2018
- Brinkert, Katharina; Richter, Matthias H.; Akay, Ömer
- Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1
An efficient and stable photoelectrochemical system with 9% solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency via InGaP/GaAs double junction
journal, November 2019
- Varadhan, Purushothaman; Fu, Hui-Chun; Kao, Yu-Cheng
- Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1
One-Pot in Situ Hydrothermal Growth of BiVO4/Ag/rGO Hybrid Architectures for Solar Water Splitting and Environmental Remediation
journal, August 2017
- Patil, Santosh S.; Mali, Mukund G.; Hassan, Mostafa Afifi
- Scientific Reports, Vol. 7, Issue 1
Hybrid photosynthesis-powering biocatalysts with solar energy captured by inorganic devices
journal, October 2017
- Zhang, Tian; Tremblay, Pier-Luc
- Biotechnology for Biofuels, Vol. 10, Issue 1