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Title: Direct solar-to-hydrogen conversion via inverted metamorphic multi-junction semiconductor architectures

Abstract

Solar water splitting via multi-junction semiconductor photoelectrochemical cells provides direct conversion of solar energy to stored chemical energy as hydrogen bonds. Economical hydrogen production demands high conversion efficiency to reduce balance-of-systems costs. For sufficient photovoltage, water-splitting efficiency is proportional to the device photocurrent, which can be tuned by judicious selection and integration of optimal semiconductor bandgaps. Here, we demonstrate highly efficient, immersed water-splitting electrodes enabled by inverted metamorphic epitaxy and a transparent graded buffer that allows the bandgap of each junction to be independently varied. Voltage losses at the electrolyte interface are reduced by 0.55 V over traditional, uniformly p-doped photocathodes by using a buried p-n junction. Lastly, advanced on-sun benchmarking, spectrally corrected and validated with incident photon-to-current efficiency, yields over 16% solar-to-hydrogen efficiency with GaInP/GaInAs tandem absorbers, representing a 60% improvement over the classical, high-efficiency tandem III-V device.

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1];  [1];  [2];  [1]; ORCiD logo [1];  [1]
  1. National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
  2. National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Philipps-Univ. Marburg, Marburg (Germany)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Sustainable Transportation Office. Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technologies Office
OSTI Identifier:
1348150
Report Number(s):
NREL/JA-5900-66837
Journal ID: ISSN 2058-7546
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC36-08GO28308
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Nature Energy
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 2; Journal Issue: 4; Journal ID: ISSN 2058-7546
Publisher:
Nature Publishing Group
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
14 SOLAR ENERGY; 71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICS; solar water splitting; inverted metamorphic multijunction semiconductors; III-V semiconductors; devices for energy harvesting; electrocatalysis; hydrogen fuel; solar fuels

Citation Formats

Young, James L., Steiner, Myles A., Döscher, Henning, France, Ryan M., Turner, John A., and Deutsch, Todd G. Direct solar-to-hydrogen conversion via inverted metamorphic multi-junction semiconductor architectures. United States: N. p., 2017. Web. doi:10.1038/nenergy.2017.28.
Young, James L., Steiner, Myles A., Döscher, Henning, France, Ryan M., Turner, John A., & Deutsch, Todd G. Direct solar-to-hydrogen conversion via inverted metamorphic multi-junction semiconductor architectures. United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/nenergy.2017.28
Young, James L., Steiner, Myles A., Döscher, Henning, France, Ryan M., Turner, John A., and Deutsch, Todd G. Mon . "Direct solar-to-hydrogen conversion via inverted metamorphic multi-junction semiconductor architectures". United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/nenergy.2017.28. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1348150.
@article{osti_1348150,
title = {Direct solar-to-hydrogen conversion via inverted metamorphic multi-junction semiconductor architectures},
author = {Young, James L. and Steiner, Myles A. and Döscher, Henning and France, Ryan M. and Turner, John A. and Deutsch, Todd G.},
abstractNote = {Solar water splitting via multi-junction semiconductor photoelectrochemical cells provides direct conversion of solar energy to stored chemical energy as hydrogen bonds. Economical hydrogen production demands high conversion efficiency to reduce balance-of-systems costs. For sufficient photovoltage, water-splitting efficiency is proportional to the device photocurrent, which can be tuned by judicious selection and integration of optimal semiconductor bandgaps. Here, we demonstrate highly efficient, immersed water-splitting electrodes enabled by inverted metamorphic epitaxy and a transparent graded buffer that allows the bandgap of each junction to be independently varied. Voltage losses at the electrolyte interface are reduced by 0.55 V over traditional, uniformly p-doped photocathodes by using a buried p-n junction. Lastly, advanced on-sun benchmarking, spectrally corrected and validated with incident photon-to-current efficiency, yields over 16% solar-to-hydrogen efficiency with GaInP/GaInAs tandem absorbers, representing a 60% improvement over the classical, high-efficiency tandem III-V device.},
doi = {10.1038/nenergy.2017.28},
journal = {Nature Energy},
number = 4,
volume = 2,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Mar 13 00:00:00 EDT 2017},
month = {Mon Mar 13 00:00:00 EDT 2017}
}

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Coating Polymeric Carbon Nitride Photoanodes on Conductive Y:ZnO Nanorod Arrays for Overall Water Splitting
journal, July 2018


Advancing semiconductor–electrocatalyst systems
text, January 2018

  • Brinkert, Katharina; Richter, Matthias H.; Akay, Ömer
  • Freie Universität Berlin
  • DOI: 10.17169/refubium-1840

A photochemical diode artificial photosynthesis system for unassisted high efficiency overall pure water splitting
journal, April 2018


Efficient solar hydrogen generation in microgravity environment
journal, July 2018


An efficient and stable photoelectrochemical system with 9% solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency via InGaP/GaAs double junction
journal, November 2019


One-Pot in Situ Hydrothermal Growth of BiVO4/Ag/rGO Hybrid Architectures for Solar Water Splitting and Environmental Remediation
journal, August 2017


Hybrid photosynthesis-powering biocatalysts with solar energy captured by inorganic devices
journal, October 2017