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Title: On-chip and freestanding elastic carbon films for micro-supercapacitors

Abstract

Integration of electrochemical capacitors with silicon-based electronics is a major challenge, limiting energy storage on a chip. We describe a wafer-scale process for manufacturing strongly adhering carbide-derived carbon films and interdigitated micro-supercapacitors with embedded titanium carbide current collectors, fully compatible with current microfabrication and silicon-based device technology. Capacitance of those films reaches 410 farads per cubic centimeter/200 millifarads per square centimeter in aqueous electrolyte and 170 farads per cubic centimeter/85 millifarads per square centimeter in organic electrolyte. We also demonstrate preparation of self-supported, mechanically stable, micrometer-thick porous carbon films with a Young’s modulus of 14.5 gigapascals, with the possibility of further transfer onto flexible substrates. Lastly, these materials are interesting for applications in structural energy storage, tribology, and gas separation.

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [4];  [5];  [1];  [1];  [3];  [6];  [1]
  1. Univ. Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III, Toulouse (France); Reseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (France)
  2. Reseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (France); Univ. Lille 1 Science et Technologies, Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex (France)
  3. Univ. Paul Sabatier (IPS)-CNRS, Univ. de Toulouse, Toulouse (France)
  4. Univ. Paul Sabatier (IPS)-CNRS, Univ. de Toulouse, Toulouse (France); Univ. de Toulouse, Toulouse Cedex (France)
  5. Reseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (France); Univ. de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens (France)
  6. Drexel Univ., Philadelphia, PA (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC)
OSTI Identifier:
1346630
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC05-00OR22725
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Science
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 351; Journal Issue: 6274; Journal ID: ISSN 0036-8075
Publisher:
AAAS
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE

Citation Formats

Huang, Peihua, Lethien, C., Pinaud, S., Brousse, K., Laloo, R., Turq, V., Respaud, M., Demortiere, A., Daffos, B., Taberna, Pierre -Louis, Chaudret, B., Gogotsi, Yury G., and Simon, Patrice. On-chip and freestanding elastic carbon films for micro-supercapacitors. United States: N. p., 2016. Web. doi:10.1126/science.aad3345.
Huang, Peihua, Lethien, C., Pinaud, S., Brousse, K., Laloo, R., Turq, V., Respaud, M., Demortiere, A., Daffos, B., Taberna, Pierre -Louis, Chaudret, B., Gogotsi, Yury G., & Simon, Patrice. On-chip and freestanding elastic carbon films for micro-supercapacitors. United States. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aad3345
Huang, Peihua, Lethien, C., Pinaud, S., Brousse, K., Laloo, R., Turq, V., Respaud, M., Demortiere, A., Daffos, B., Taberna, Pierre -Louis, Chaudret, B., Gogotsi, Yury G., and Simon, Patrice. Thu . "On-chip and freestanding elastic carbon films for micro-supercapacitors". United States. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aad3345. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1346630.
@article{osti_1346630,
title = {On-chip and freestanding elastic carbon films for micro-supercapacitors},
author = {Huang, Peihua and Lethien, C. and Pinaud, S. and Brousse, K. and Laloo, R. and Turq, V. and Respaud, M. and Demortiere, A. and Daffos, B. and Taberna, Pierre -Louis and Chaudret, B. and Gogotsi, Yury G. and Simon, Patrice},
abstractNote = {Integration of electrochemical capacitors with silicon-based electronics is a major challenge, limiting energy storage on a chip. We describe a wafer-scale process for manufacturing strongly adhering carbide-derived carbon films and interdigitated micro-supercapacitors with embedded titanium carbide current collectors, fully compatible with current microfabrication and silicon-based device technology. Capacitance of those films reaches 410 farads per cubic centimeter/200 millifarads per square centimeter in aqueous electrolyte and 170 farads per cubic centimeter/85 millifarads per square centimeter in organic electrolyte. We also demonstrate preparation of self-supported, mechanically stable, micrometer-thick porous carbon films with a Young’s modulus of 14.5 gigapascals, with the possibility of further transfer onto flexible substrates. Lastly, these materials are interesting for applications in structural energy storage, tribology, and gas separation.},
doi = {10.1126/science.aad3345},
journal = {Science},
number = 6274,
volume = 351,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Feb 11 00:00:00 EST 2016},
month = {Thu Feb 11 00:00:00 EST 2016}
}

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Hollow TiN nanotrees derived from a surface-induced Kirkendall effect and their application in high-power supercapacitors
journal, January 2019

  • Wen, Wei; Yao, Jincheng; Tan, Hua
  • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 37
  • DOI: 10.1039/c9ta07642e

Scalable Production of Graphene Inks via Wet‐Jet Milling Exfoliation for Screen‐Printed Micro‐Supercapacitors
journal, February 2019

  • Bellani, Sebastiano; Petroni, Elisa; Del Rio Castillo, Antonio Esau
  • Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 14
  • DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201807659

Recent Progress in Micro‐Supercapacitor Design, Integration, and Functionalization
journal, December 2018


High Power In-Plane Micro-Supercapacitors Based on Mesoporous Polyaniline Patterned Graphene
journal, February 2017


Graphene-Based Planar Microsupercapacitors: Recent Advances and Future Challenges
journal, October 2018

  • Liang, Jiaxing; Mondal, Anjon Kumar; Wang, Da-Wei
  • Advanced Materials Technologies, Vol. 4, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1002/admt.201800200

NiMn 2 O 4 Nanosheet-Decorated Hierarchically Porous Polyaromatic Carbon Spheres for High-Performance Supercapacitors
journal, March 2017


Unconventional supercapacitors from nanocarbon-based electrode materials to device configurations
journal, January 2016

  • Liu, Lili; Niu, Zhiqiang; Chen, Jun
  • Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 45, Issue 15
  • DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00041j

Ionogel-based sodium ion micro-batteries with a 3D Na-ion diffusion mechanism enable ultrahigh rate capability
journal, January 2020

  • Zheng, Shuanghao; Huang, Huijuan; Dong, Yanfeng
  • Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 13, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1039/c9ee03219c

A true cable assembly with a carbon nanotube sheath and nickel wire core: a fully flexible electrode integrating energy storage and electrical conduction
journal, January 2018

  • Ye, Huating; Wang, Kai; Zhou, Juntao
  • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1039/c7ta08758f

Conductive Metal–Organic Frameworks Selectively Grown on Laser‐Scribed Graphene for Electrochemical Microsupercapacitors
journal, April 2019

  • Wu, Hao; Zhang, Wenli; Kandambeth, Sharath
  • Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 9, Issue 21
  • DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201900482

Nitrogen-rich hierarchical porous carbon materials with interconnected channels for high stability supercapacitors
journal, January 2019

  • Sun, Zhenjie; Wang, Wenjie; Zhang, Jiamin
  • New Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 43, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1039/c8nj05552a

Stimulus-Responsive Micro-Supercapacitors with Ultrahigh Energy Density and Reversible Electrochromic Window
journal, December 2016


Boosting the Energy Density of Carbon-Based Aqueous Supercapacitors by Optimizing the Surface Charge
journal, March 2017

  • Yu, Minghao; Lin, Dun; Feng, Haobin
  • Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 56, Issue 20
  • DOI: 10.1002/anie.201701737

Designed formation of hollow particle-based nitrogen-doped carbon nanofibers for high-performance supercapacitors
journal, January 2017

  • Chen, Li-Feng; Lu, Yan; Yu, Le
  • Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 10, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.1039/c7ee00488e

3D-Printed, Superelastic Polypyrrole-Graphene Electrodes with Ultrahigh Areal Capacitance for Electrochemical Energy Storage
journal, June 2018

  • Qi, Zhen; Ye, Jianchao; Chen, Wen
  • Advanced Materials Technologies, Vol. 3, Issue 7
  • DOI: 10.1002/admt.201800053

Flexible Fiber and Fabric Batteries
journal, February 2018

  • Zhang, Chenjun; Zhu, Jixin; Lin, Huijuan
  • Advanced Materials Technologies, Vol. 3, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1002/admt.201700302

Oxygen-Deficient Bismuth Oxide/Graphene of Ultrahigh Capacitance as Advanced Flexible Anode for Asymmetric Supercapacitors
journal, May 2017

  • Liu, Rong; Ma, Lina; Niu, Gudan
  • Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 27, Issue 29
  • DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201701635

Microsupercapacitors as miniaturized energy-storage components for on-chip electronics
journal, November 2016

  • Kyeremateng, Nana Amponsah; Brousse, Thierry; Pech, David
  • Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 12, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2016.196

On‐Chip MXene Microsupercapacitors for AC‐Line Filtering Applications
journal, May 2019


3D printed graphene/nickel electrodes for high areal capacitance electrochemical storage
journal, January 2019

  • Li, Guijun; Mo, Xiaoyong; Law, Wing-Cheung
  • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.1039/c8ta11121a

Multidimensional materials and device architectures for future hybrid energy storage
journal, September 2016

  • Lukatskaya, Maria R.; Dunn, Bruce; Gogotsi, Yury
  • Nature Communications, Vol. 7, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12647

Dual-phase nanostructuring of layered metal oxides for high-performance aqueous rechargeable potassium ion microbatteries
journal, September 2019


Layered coating of ultraflexible graphene-based electrodes for high-performance in-plane quasi-solid-state micro-supercapacitors
journal, January 2019

  • Du, Jingwei; Mu, Xuemei; Zhao, Yirong
  • Nanoscale, Vol. 11, Issue 30
  • DOI: 10.1039/c9nr03917a

Energy storage on demand: ultra-high-rate and high-energy-density inkjet-printed NiO micro-supercapacitors
journal, January 2019

  • Giannakou, Pavlos; Masteghin, Mateus G.; Slade, Robert C. T.
  • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 37
  • DOI: 10.1039/c9ta07878a

Direct Laser Etching Free‐Standing MXene‐MoS 2 Film for Highly Flexible Micro‐Supercapacitor
journal, September 2019

  • Chen, Xing; Wang, Siliang; Shi, Junjie
  • Advanced Materials Interfaces, Vol. 6, Issue 22
  • DOI: 10.1002/admi.201901160

Electropolymerization and energy storage of poly[Ni(salphen)]/MWCNT composite materials for supercapacitors
journal, October 2016

  • Chen, Cheng; Zhu, Zhixun; Li, Xinping
  • Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 134, Issue 7
  • DOI: 10.1002/app.44464

2D Ultrathin MXene-Based Drug-Delivery Nanoplatform for Synergistic Photothermal Ablation and Chemotherapy of Cancer
journal, February 2018

  • Han, Xiaoxia; Huang, Ju; Lin, Han
  • Advanced Healthcare Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 9
  • DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701394

Challenges and opportunities for supercapacitors
journal, October 2019

  • Huang, Shifei; Zhu, Xianglin; Sarkar, Samrat
  • APL Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.5116146

Charge storage mechanisms of electrospun Mn 3 O 4 nanofibres for high-performance supercapacitors
journal, January 2017

  • Suktha, Phansiri; Phattharasupakun, Nutthaphon; Dittanet, Peerapan
  • RSC Advances, Vol. 7, Issue 16
  • DOI: 10.1039/c6ra28499j

Multifunctional Energy Storage and Conversion Devices
journal, July 2016


Planar integration of flexible micro-supercapacitors with ultrafast charge and discharge based on interdigital nanoporous gold electrodes on a chip
journal, January 2016

  • Zhang, Chao; Xiao, Jian; Qian, Lihua
  • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 4, Issue 24
  • DOI: 10.1039/c6ta02219g

Ultrafast All-Solid-State Coaxial Asymmetric Fiber Supercapacitors with a High Volumetric Energy Density
journal, January 2018

  • Pan, Zhenghui; Zhong, Jun; Zhang, Qichong
  • Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 14
  • DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201702946

Copper Hydroxide Porous Nanotube Arrays Grown on Copper Foils as High-Performance Integrated Electrodes for Supercapacitors
journal, October 2017


A Nonaqueous Na‐Ion Hybrid Micro‐Supercapacitor with Wide Potential Window and Ultrahigh Areal Energy Density
journal, August 2019

  • Zhang, Panpan; Wang, Lanlan; Wang, Faxing
  • Batteries & Supercaps, Vol. 2, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1002/batt.201900079

MXene-on-Paper Coplanar Microsupercapacitors
journal, September 2016

  • Kurra, Narendra; Ahmed, Bilal; Gogotsi, Yury
  • Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 24
  • DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201601372

Unique MOF-derived hierarchical MnO 2 nanotubes@NiCo-LDH/CoS 2 nanocage materials as high performance supercapacitors
journal, January 2019

  • Wang, Xiuhua; Huang, Feifei; Rong, Fang
  • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 19
  • DOI: 10.1039/c9ta01951k

Challenges and prospects of 3D micro-supercapacitors for powering the internet of things
journal, January 2019

  • Lethien, Christophe; Le Bideau, Jean; Brousse, Thierry
  • Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 12, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1039/c8ee02029a

Graphene-Based Planar On-Chip Micro-Supercapacitors with Whole Series/Parallel Configuration for Integration
journal, June 2019


Hybrid Microsupercapacitors with Vertically Scaled 3D Current Collectors Fabricated using a Simple Cut-and-Transfer Strategy
journal, September 2016

  • Jiang, Qiu; Kurra, Narendra; Xia, Chuan
  • Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201601257

NiO/Ni x Co 3−x O 4 porous ultrathin nanosheet/nanowire composite structures as high-performance supercapacitor electrodes
journal, January 2018

  • Jiang, Dongkai; Zheng, Maojun; You, Yuxiu
  • RSC Advances, Vol. 8, Issue 56
  • DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04827d

Flexible quasi-solid-state planar micro-supercapacitor based on cellular graphene films
journal, January 2017

  • Shao, Yuanlong; Li, Jianmin; Li, Yaogang
  • Mater. Horiz., Vol. 4, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1039/c7mh00441a

Scalable 2D Hierarchical Porous Carbon Nanosheets for Flexible Supercapacitors with Ultrahigh Energy Density
journal, January 2018


Metal–organic framework derived hollow materials for electrochemical energy storage
journal, January 2018

  • Xie, Xing-Chen; Huang, Ke-Jing; Wu, Xu
  • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 16
  • DOI: 10.1039/c8ta00612a

All‐Solid‐State Planar Sodium‐Ion Microcapacitors with Multidirectional Fast Ion Diffusion Pathways
journal, September 2019


Sticky-note supercapacitors
journal, January 2018

  • Cao, Jingyu; Zhao, Yang; Xu, Yifan
  • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.1039/c7ta10756k

Rich-Mixed-Valence Ni x Co 3−x P y Porous Nanowires Interwelded Junction-Free 3D Network Architectures for Ultrahigh Areal Energy Density Supercapacitors
journal, September 2018

  • Song, Weijie; Wu, Juan; Wang, Gengjie
  • Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 46
  • DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201804620

Coordination Polymer Framework Based On-Chip Micro-Supercapacitors with AC Line-Filtering Performance
journal, March 2017

  • Yang, Chongqing; Schellhammer, Karl Sebastian; Ortmann, Frank
  • Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 56, Issue 14
  • DOI: 10.1002/anie.201700679

Flexible Ti 3 C 2 T x @Al electrodes with Ultrahigh Areal Capacitance: In Situ Regulation of Interlayer Conductivity and Spacing
journal, July 2018

  • Guo, Miao; Liu, Chengbin; Zhang, Zezhong
  • Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 37
  • DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201803196

Microfluidic‐Architected Nanoarrays/Porous Core–Shell Fibers toward Robust Micro‐Energy‐Storage
journal, November 2019


Nanoelectrode design from microminiaturized honeycomb monolith with ultrathin and stiff nanoscaffold for high-energy micro-supercapacitors
journal, January 2020


3D porous binary-heteroatom doped carbon nanosheet/electrochemically exfoliated graphene hybrids for high performance flexible solid-state supercapacitors
journal, January 2018

  • Liu, Yuxi; Qiu, Xiaoming; Liu, Xiaobin
  • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 18
  • DOI: 10.1039/c8ta01148f

Gated ion transport through layered graphene oxide membranes
journal, January 2019

  • Yang, Jinlei; Zhu, Weiwei; Zhang, Xiaopeng
  • New Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 43, Issue 19
  • DOI: 10.1039/c9nj00460b

High performance microsupercapacitors based on a nano-micro hierarchical carbon electrode by direct laser writing
journal, December 2018

  • Kwon, Soongeun; Kim, Geehong; Lim, Hyungjun
  • Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 113, Issue 24
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.5066017

A High-Performance Sodium-Ion Hybrid Capacitor Constructed by Metal-Organic Framework-Derived Anode and Cathode Materials
journal, May 2018

  • Li, Hongxia; Lang, Junwei; Lei, Shulai
  • Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 30
  • DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201800757

A Flexible Quasi‐Solid‐State Bifunctional Device with Zinc‐Ion Microbattery and Photodetector
journal, May 2019


Two-dimensional materials for miniaturized energy storage devices: from individual devices to smart integrated systems
journal, January 2018

  • Zhang, Panpan; Wang, Faxing; Yu, Minghao
  • Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 47, Issue 19
  • DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00561c

Fully inkjet printed ultrathin microsupercapacitors based on graphene electrodes and a nano-graphene oxide electrolyte
journal, January 2019

  • Sollami Delekta, Szymon; Adolfsson, Karin H.; Benyahia Erdal, Nejla
  • Nanoscale, Vol. 11, Issue 21
  • DOI: 10.1039/c9nr01427f

Energy storage: The future enabled by nanomaterials
journal, November 2019

  • Pomerantseva, Ekaterina; Bonaccorso, Francesco; Feng, Xinliang
  • Science, Vol. 366, Issue 6468
  • DOI: 10.1126/science.aan8285

All‐Solid‐State On‐Chip Supercapacitors Based on Free‐Standing 4 H ‐SiC Nanowire Arrays
journal, March 2019


Coordination Polymer Framework Based On-Chip Micro-Supercapacitors with AC Line-Filtering Performance
journal, March 2017

  • Yang, Chongqing; Schellhammer, Karl Sebastian; Ortmann, Frank
  • Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 129, Issue 14
  • DOI: 10.1002/ange.201700679

Micro-supercapacitors based on oriented coordination polymer thin films for AC line-filtering
journal, January 2018

  • Hua, Weiwei; Xiu, Jingwei; Xiu, Fei
  • RSC Advances, Vol. 8, Issue 53
  • DOI: 10.1039/c8ra06474a

3D printing-based cellular microelectrodes for high-performance asymmetric quasi-solid-state micro-pseudocapacitors
journal, January 2020

  • Wang, Teng; Tian, Xiaocong; Li, Liang
  • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 8, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1039/c9ta11386j

Study of fractal electrode designs for buckypaper-based micro-supercapacitors
journal, January 2019

  • Huang, Kuan-Hua; Lin, Cheng-Te; Chen, Yun-Ting
  • Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 125, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.5051702

Paper-Based Electrodes for Flexible Energy Storage Devices
journal, May 2017


Microfluidic‐Architected Nanoarrays/Porous Core–Shell Fibers toward Robust Micro‐Energy‐Storage
journal, November 2019


All‐Solid‐State Planar Sodium‐Ion Microcapacitors with Multidirectional Fast Ion Diffusion Pathways
journal, September 2019


Insight into the role of interfacial reconstruction of manganese oxides toward enhanced electrochemical capacitors
journal, May 2020


Multidimensional materials and device architectures for future hybrid energy storage
journal, September 2016

  • Lukatskaya, Maria R.; Dunn, Bruce; Gogotsi, Yury
  • Nature Communications, Vol. 7, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12647

Solid-state synthesis of ordered mesoporous carbon catalysts via a mechanochemical assembly through coordination cross-linking
journal, April 2017

  • Zhang, Pengfei; Wang, Li; Yang, Shize
  • Nature Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15020

Nanoelectrode design from microminiaturized honeycomb monolith with ultrathin and stiff nanoscaffold for high-energy micro-supercapacitors
journal, January 2020


Ultrahigh areal number density solid-state on-chip microsupercapacitors via electrohydrodynamic jet printing
journal, March 2020

  • Lee, Kwon-Hyung; Lee, Seong-Sun; Ahn, David B.
  • Science Advances, Vol. 6, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz1692