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Title: Impact of atmospheric effects on the energy reconstruction of air showers observed by the surface detectors of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Abstract

Atmospheric conditions, such as the pressure (P), temperature (T) or air density ($$\rho \propto P/T$$), affect the development of extended air showers initiated by energetic cosmic rays. We study the impact of the atmospheric variations on the reconstruction of air showers with data from the arrays of surface detectors of the Pierre Auger Observatory, considering separately the one with detector spacings of 1500 m and the one with 750 m spacing. We observe modulations in the event rates that are due to the influence of the air density and pressure variations on the measured signals, from which the energy estimators are obtained. Lastly, we show how the energy assignment can be corrected to account for such atmospheric effects.

Authors:
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; more »; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; « less
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)
Contributing Org.:
Pierre Auger Collaboration
OSTI Identifier:
1346358
Report Number(s):
FERMILAB-PUB-17-031-AD-CD-TD; arXiv:1702.02835
Journal ID: ISSN 1748-0221; 1512750; TRN: US1700877
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-07CH11359
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Journal of Instrumentation
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 12; Journal Issue: 02; Journal ID: ISSN 1748-0221
Publisher:
Institute of Physics (IOP)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; 46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY; Cherenkov detectors; data analysis; large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics; systematic effects

Citation Formats

Aab, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Samarai, I. Al, Albuquerque, I. F. M., Allekotte, I., Almela, A., Castillo, J. Alvarez, Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Arqueros, F., Arsene, N., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Avila, G., Badescu, A. M., Balaceanu, A., Luz, R. J. Barreira, Baus, C., Beatty, J. J., Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Billoir, P., Biteau, J., Blaess, S. G., Blanco, A., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Borodai, N., Botti, A. M., Brack, J., Brancus, I., Bretz, T., Bridgeman, A., Briechle, F. L., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, L., Cancio, A., Canfora, F., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Chavez, A. G., Chinellato, J. A., Chudoba, J., Clay, R. W., Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Collica, L., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Contreras, F., Cooper, M. J., Coutu, S., Covault, C. E., Criss, A., Cronin, J., D'Amico, S., Daniel, B., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., de Almeida, R. M., de Jong, S. J., Mauro, G. De, Neto, J. R. T. de Mello, Mitri, I. De, de Oliveira, J., de Souza, V., Debatin, J., Deligny, O., Giulio, C. Di, Matteo, A. Di, Castro, M. L. Díaz, Diogo, F., Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J. C., Anjos, R. C. dos, Dova, M. T., Dundovic, A., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Erfani, M., Escobar, C. O., Espadanal, J., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filipčič, A., Fratu, O., Freire, M. M., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., Gaior, R., García, B., Garcia-Pinto, D., Gaté, F., Gemmeke, H., Gherghel-Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Giller, M., Głas, D., Glaser, C., Glass, H., Golup, G., Berisso, M. Gómez, Vitale, P. F. Gómez, González, N., Gorgi, A., Gorham, P., Gouffon, P., Grillo, A. F., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harrison, T. A., Harton, J. L., Hasankiadeh, Q., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Heimann, P., Herve, A. E., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., Holt, E., Homola, P., Hörandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Hulsman, J., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Jandt, I., Jansen, S., Johnsen, J. A., Josebachuili, M., Kääpä, A., Kambeitz, O., Kampert, K. H., Kasper, P., Katkov, I., Keilhauer, B., Kemp, E., Kemp, J., Kieckhafer, R. M., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Krause, R., Krohm, N., Kuempel, D., Mezek, G. Kukec, Kunka, N., Awad, A. Kuotb, LaHurd, D., Lauscher, M., Lebrun, P., Legumina, R., de Oliveira, M. A. Leigui, Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Link, K., Lopes, L., López, R., Casado, A. López, Luce, Q., Lucero, A., Malacari, M., Mallamaci, M., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A. G., Mariç, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinez, H., Bravo, O. Martínez, Meza, J. J. Masías, Mathes, H. J., Mathys, S., Matthews, J., Matthews, J. A. J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. O., Medina, C., Medina-Tanco, G., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Messina, S., Micheletti, M. I., Middendorf, L., Minaya, I. A., Miramonti, L., Mitrica, B., Mockler, D., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morello, C., Mostafá, M., Müller, A. L., Müller, G., Muller, M. A., Müller, S., Mussa, R., Naranjo, I., Nellen, L., Neuser, J., Nguyen, P. H., Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Niemietz, L., Niggemann, T., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, H., Núñez, L. A., Ochilo, L., Oikonomou, F., Olinto, A., Selmi-Dei, D. Pakk, Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Paul, T., Pech, M., Pedreira, F., Pȩkala, J., Pelayo, R., Peña-Rodriguez, J., Pereira, L. A. S., Perlín, M., Perrone, L., Peters, C., Petrera, S., Phuntsok, J., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pieroni, P., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Plum, M., Porowski, C., Prado, R. R., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Quel, E. J., Querchfeld, S., Quinn, S., Ramos-Pollan, R., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Revenu, B., Ridky, J., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rizi, V., de Carvalho, W. Rodrigues, Fernandez, G. Rodriguez, Rojo, J. Rodriguez, Rogozin, D., Roncoroni, M. J., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Ruehl, P., Saffi, S. J., Saftoiu, A., Salazar, H., Saleh, A., Greus, F. Salesa, Salina, G., Gomez, J. D. Sanabria, Sánchez, F., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, B., Sarmento, R., Sarmiento, C. A., Sato, R., Schauer, M., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimp, M., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F. G., Schulz, A., Schulz, J., Schumacher, J., Sciutto, S. J., Segreto, A., Settimo, M., Shadkam, A., Shellard, R. C., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., Śmiałkowski, A., Šmída, R., Snow, G. R., Sommers, P., Sonntag, S., Sorokin, J., Squartini, R., Stanca, D., Stanič, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Strafella, F., Suarez, F., Durán, M. Suarez, Sudholz, T., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Taboada, A., Taborda, O. A., Tapia, A., Theodoro, V. M., Timmermans, C., Peixoto, C. J. Todero, Tomankova, L., Tomé, B., Elipe, G. Torralba, Machado, D. Torres, Torri, M., Travnicek, P., Trini, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Galicia, J. F. Valdés, Valiño, I., Valore, L., Aar, G. van, Bodegom, P. van, Berg, A. M. van den, Vliet, A. van, Varela, E., Cárdenas, B. Vargas, Varner, G., Vázquez, J. R., Vázquez, R. A., Veberič, D., Quispe, I. D. Vergara, Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Villaseñor, L., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Wainberg, O., Walz, D., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczyński, H., Winchen, T., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Yang, L., Yelos, D., Yushkov, A., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zepeda, A., Zimmermann, B., Ziolkowski, M., Zong, Z., and Zuccarello, F. Impact of atmospheric effects on the energy reconstruction of air showers observed by the surface detectors of the Pierre Auger Observatory. United States: N. p., 2017. Web. doi:10.1088/1748-0221/12/02/P02006.
Aab, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Samarai, I. Al, Albuquerque, I. F. M., Allekotte, I., Almela, A., Castillo, J. Alvarez, Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Arqueros, F., Arsene, N., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Avila, G., Badescu, A. M., Balaceanu, A., Luz, R. J. Barreira, Baus, C., Beatty, J. J., Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Billoir, P., Biteau, J., Blaess, S. G., Blanco, A., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Borodai, N., Botti, A. M., Brack, J., Brancus, I., Bretz, T., Bridgeman, A., Briechle, F. L., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, L., Cancio, A., Canfora, F., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Chavez, A. G., Chinellato, J. A., Chudoba, J., Clay, R. W., Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Collica, L., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Contreras, F., Cooper, M. J., Coutu, S., Covault, C. E., Criss, A., Cronin, J., D'Amico, S., Daniel, B., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., de Almeida, R. M., de Jong, S. J., Mauro, G. De, Neto, J. R. T. de Mello, Mitri, I. De, de Oliveira, J., de Souza, V., Debatin, J., Deligny, O., Giulio, C. Di, Matteo, A. Di, Castro, M. L. Díaz, Diogo, F., Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J. C., Anjos, R. C. dos, Dova, M. T., Dundovic, A., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Erfani, M., Escobar, C. O., Espadanal, J., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filipčič, A., Fratu, O., Freire, M. M., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., Gaior, R., García, B., Garcia-Pinto, D., Gaté, F., Gemmeke, H., Gherghel-Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Giller, M., Głas, D., Glaser, C., Glass, H., Golup, G., Berisso, M. Gómez, Vitale, P. F. Gómez, González, N., Gorgi, A., Gorham, P., Gouffon, P., Grillo, A. F., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harrison, T. A., Harton, J. L., Hasankiadeh, Q., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Heimann, P., Herve, A. E., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., Holt, E., Homola, P., Hörandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Hulsman, J., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Jandt, I., Jansen, S., Johnsen, J. A., Josebachuili, M., Kääpä, A., Kambeitz, O., Kampert, K. H., Kasper, P., Katkov, I., Keilhauer, B., Kemp, E., Kemp, J., Kieckhafer, R. M., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Krause, R., Krohm, N., Kuempel, D., Mezek, G. Kukec, Kunka, N., Awad, A. Kuotb, LaHurd, D., Lauscher, M., Lebrun, P., Legumina, R., de Oliveira, M. A. Leigui, Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Link, K., Lopes, L., López, R., Casado, A. López, Luce, Q., Lucero, A., Malacari, M., Mallamaci, M., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A. G., Mariç, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinez, H., Bravo, O. Martínez, Meza, J. J. Masías, Mathes, H. J., Mathys, S., Matthews, J., Matthews, J. A. J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. O., Medina, C., Medina-Tanco, G., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Messina, S., Micheletti, M. I., Middendorf, L., Minaya, I. A., Miramonti, L., Mitrica, B., Mockler, D., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morello, C., Mostafá, M., Müller, A. L., Müller, G., Muller, M. A., Müller, S., Mussa, R., Naranjo, I., Nellen, L., Neuser, J., Nguyen, P. H., Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Niemietz, L., Niggemann, T., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, H., Núñez, L. A., Ochilo, L., Oikonomou, F., Olinto, A., Selmi-Dei, D. Pakk, Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Paul, T., Pech, M., Pedreira, F., Pȩkala, J., Pelayo, R., Peña-Rodriguez, J., Pereira, L. A. S., Perlín, M., Perrone, L., Peters, C., Petrera, S., Phuntsok, J., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pieroni, P., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Plum, M., Porowski, C., Prado, R. R., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Quel, E. J., Querchfeld, S., Quinn, S., Ramos-Pollan, R., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Revenu, B., Ridky, J., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rizi, V., de Carvalho, W. Rodrigues, Fernandez, G. Rodriguez, Rojo, J. Rodriguez, Rogozin, D., Roncoroni, M. J., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Ruehl, P., Saffi, S. J., Saftoiu, A., Salazar, H., Saleh, A., Greus, F. Salesa, Salina, G., Gomez, J. D. Sanabria, Sánchez, F., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, B., Sarmento, R., Sarmiento, C. A., Sato, R., Schauer, M., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimp, M., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F. G., Schulz, A., Schulz, J., Schumacher, J., Sciutto, S. J., Segreto, A., Settimo, M., Shadkam, A., Shellard, R. C., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., Śmiałkowski, A., Šmída, R., Snow, G. R., Sommers, P., Sonntag, S., Sorokin, J., Squartini, R., Stanca, D., Stanič, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Strafella, F., Suarez, F., Durán, M. Suarez, Sudholz, T., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Taboada, A., Taborda, O. A., Tapia, A., Theodoro, V. M., Timmermans, C., Peixoto, C. J. Todero, Tomankova, L., Tomé, B., Elipe, G. Torralba, Machado, D. Torres, Torri, M., Travnicek, P., Trini, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Galicia, J. F. Valdés, Valiño, I., Valore, L., Aar, G. van, Bodegom, P. van, Berg, A. M. van den, Vliet, A. van, Varela, E., Cárdenas, B. Vargas, Varner, G., Vázquez, J. R., Vázquez, R. A., Veberič, D., Quispe, I. D. Vergara, Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Villaseñor, L., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Wainberg, O., Walz, D., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczyński, H., Winchen, T., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Yang, L., Yelos, D., Yushkov, A., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zepeda, A., Zimmermann, B., Ziolkowski, M., Zong, Z., & Zuccarello, F. Impact of atmospheric effects on the energy reconstruction of air showers observed by the surface detectors of the Pierre Auger Observatory. United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/12/02/P02006
Aab, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Samarai, I. Al, Albuquerque, I. F. M., Allekotte, I., Almela, A., Castillo, J. Alvarez, Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Arqueros, F., Arsene, N., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Avila, G., Badescu, A. M., Balaceanu, A., Luz, R. J. Barreira, Baus, C., Beatty, J. J., Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Billoir, P., Biteau, J., Blaess, S. G., Blanco, A., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Borodai, N., Botti, A. M., Brack, J., Brancus, I., Bretz, T., Bridgeman, A., Briechle, F. L., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, L., Cancio, A., Canfora, F., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Chavez, A. G., Chinellato, J. A., Chudoba, J., Clay, R. W., Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Collica, L., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Contreras, F., Cooper, M. J., Coutu, S., Covault, C. E., Criss, A., Cronin, J., D'Amico, S., Daniel, B., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., de Almeida, R. M., de Jong, S. J., Mauro, G. De, Neto, J. R. T. de Mello, Mitri, I. De, de Oliveira, J., de Souza, V., Debatin, J., Deligny, O., Giulio, C. Di, Matteo, A. Di, Castro, M. L. Díaz, Diogo, F., Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J. C., Anjos, R. C. dos, Dova, M. T., Dundovic, A., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Erfani, M., Escobar, C. O., Espadanal, J., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filipčič, A., Fratu, O., Freire, M. M., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., Gaior, R., García, B., Garcia-Pinto, D., Gaté, F., Gemmeke, H., Gherghel-Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Giller, M., Głas, D., Glaser, C., Glass, H., Golup, G., Berisso, M. Gómez, Vitale, P. F. Gómez, González, N., Gorgi, A., Gorham, P., Gouffon, P., Grillo, A. F., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harrison, T. A., Harton, J. L., Hasankiadeh, Q., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Heimann, P., Herve, A. E., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., Holt, E., Homola, P., Hörandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Hulsman, J., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Jandt, I., Jansen, S., Johnsen, J. A., Josebachuili, M., Kääpä, A., Kambeitz, O., Kampert, K. H., Kasper, P., Katkov, I., Keilhauer, B., Kemp, E., Kemp, J., Kieckhafer, R. M., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Krause, R., Krohm, N., Kuempel, D., Mezek, G. Kukec, Kunka, N., Awad, A. Kuotb, LaHurd, D., Lauscher, M., Lebrun, P., Legumina, R., de Oliveira, M. A. Leigui, Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Link, K., Lopes, L., López, R., Casado, A. López, Luce, Q., Lucero, A., Malacari, M., Mallamaci, M., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A. G., Mariç, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinez, H., Bravo, O. Martínez, Meza, J. J. Masías, Mathes, H. J., Mathys, S., Matthews, J., Matthews, J. A. J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. O., Medina, C., Medina-Tanco, G., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Messina, S., Micheletti, M. I., Middendorf, L., Minaya, I. A., Miramonti, L., Mitrica, B., Mockler, D., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morello, C., Mostafá, M., Müller, A. L., Müller, G., Muller, M. A., Müller, S., Mussa, R., Naranjo, I., Nellen, L., Neuser, J., Nguyen, P. H., Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Niemietz, L., Niggemann, T., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, H., Núñez, L. A., Ochilo, L., Oikonomou, F., Olinto, A., Selmi-Dei, D. Pakk, Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Paul, T., Pech, M., Pedreira, F., Pȩkala, J., Pelayo, R., Peña-Rodriguez, J., Pereira, L. A. S., Perlín, M., Perrone, L., Peters, C., Petrera, S., Phuntsok, J., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pieroni, P., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Plum, M., Porowski, C., Prado, R. R., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Quel, E. J., Querchfeld, S., Quinn, S., Ramos-Pollan, R., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Revenu, B., Ridky, J., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rizi, V., de Carvalho, W. Rodrigues, Fernandez, G. Rodriguez, Rojo, J. Rodriguez, Rogozin, D., Roncoroni, M. J., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Ruehl, P., Saffi, S. J., Saftoiu, A., Salazar, H., Saleh, A., Greus, F. Salesa, Salina, G., Gomez, J. D. Sanabria, Sánchez, F., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, B., Sarmento, R., Sarmiento, C. A., Sato, R., Schauer, M., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimp, M., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F. G., Schulz, A., Schulz, J., Schumacher, J., Sciutto, S. J., Segreto, A., Settimo, M., Shadkam, A., Shellard, R. C., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., Śmiałkowski, A., Šmída, R., Snow, G. R., Sommers, P., Sonntag, S., Sorokin, J., Squartini, R., Stanca, D., Stanič, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Strafella, F., Suarez, F., Durán, M. Suarez, Sudholz, T., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Taboada, A., Taborda, O. A., Tapia, A., Theodoro, V. M., Timmermans, C., Peixoto, C. J. Todero, Tomankova, L., Tomé, B., Elipe, G. Torralba, Machado, D. Torres, Torri, M., Travnicek, P., Trini, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Galicia, J. F. Valdés, Valiño, I., Valore, L., Aar, G. van, Bodegom, P. van, Berg, A. M. van den, Vliet, A. van, Varela, E., Cárdenas, B. Vargas, Varner, G., Vázquez, J. R., Vázquez, R. A., Veberič, D., Quispe, I. D. Vergara, Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Villaseñor, L., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Wainberg, O., Walz, D., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczyński, H., Winchen, T., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Yang, L., Yelos, D., Yushkov, A., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zepeda, A., Zimmermann, B., Ziolkowski, M., Zong, Z., and Zuccarello, F. Tue . "Impact of atmospheric effects on the energy reconstruction of air showers observed by the surface detectors of the Pierre Auger Observatory". United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/12/02/P02006. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1346358.
@article{osti_1346358,
title = {Impact of atmospheric effects on the energy reconstruction of air showers observed by the surface detectors of the Pierre Auger Observatory},
author = {Aab, A. and Abreu, P. and Aglietta, M. and Samarai, I. Al and Albuquerque, I. F. M. and Allekotte, I. and Almela, A. and Castillo, J. Alvarez and Alvarez-Muñiz, J. and Anastasi, G. A. and Anchordoqui, L. and Andrada, B. and Andringa, S. and Aramo, C. and Arqueros, F. and Arsene, N. and Asorey, H. and Assis, P. and Aublin, J. and Avila, G. and Badescu, A. M. and Balaceanu, A. and Luz, R. J. Barreira and Baus, C. and Beatty, J. J. and Becker, K. H. and Bellido, J. A. and Berat, C. and Bertaina, M. E. and Bertou, X. and Biermann, P. L. and Billoir, P. and Biteau, J. and Blaess, S. G. and Blanco, A. and Blazek, J. and Bleve, C. and Boháčová, M. and Boncioli, D. and Bonifazi, C. and Borodai, N. and Botti, A. M. and Brack, J. and Brancus, I. and Bretz, T. and Bridgeman, A. and Briechle, F. L. and Buchholz, P. and Bueno, A. and Buitink, S. and Buscemi, M. and Caballero-Mora, K. S. and Caccianiga, L. and Cancio, A. and Canfora, F. and Caramete, L. and Caruso, R. and Castellina, A. and Cataldi, G. and Cazon, L. and Chavez, A. G. and Chinellato, J. A. and Chudoba, J. and Clay, R. W. and Colalillo, R. and Coleman, A. and Collica, L. and Coluccia, M. R. and Conceição, R. and Contreras, F. and Cooper, M. J. and Coutu, S. and Covault, C. E. and Criss, A. and Cronin, J. and D'Amico, S. and Daniel, B. and Dasso, S. and Daumiller, K. and Dawson, B. R. and de Almeida, R. M. and de Jong, S. J. and Mauro, G. De and Neto, J. R. T. de Mello and Mitri, I. De and de Oliveira, J. and de Souza, V. and Debatin, J. and Deligny, O. and Giulio, C. Di and Matteo, A. Di and Castro, M. L. Díaz and Diogo, F. and Dobrigkeit, C. and D'Olivo, J. C. and Anjos, R. C. dos and Dova, M. T. and Dundovic, A. and Ebr, J. and Engel, R. and Erdmann, M. and Erfani, M. and Escobar, C. O. and Espadanal, J. and Etchegoyen, A. and Falcke, H. and Farrar, G. and Fauth, A. C. and Fazzini, N. and Fick, B. and Figueira, J. M. and Filipčič, A. and Fratu, O. and Freire, M. M. and Fujii, T. and Fuster, A. and Gaior, R. and García, B. and Garcia-Pinto, D. and Gaté, F. and Gemmeke, H. and Gherghel-Lascu, A. and Ghia, P. L. and Giaccari, U. and Giammarchi, M. and Giller, M. and Głas, D. and Glaser, C. and Glass, H. and Golup, G. and Berisso, M. Gómez and Vitale, P. F. Gómez and González, N. and Gorgi, A. and Gorham, P. and Gouffon, P. and Grillo, A. F. and Grubb, T. D. and Guarino, F. and Guedes, G. P. and Hampel, M. R. and Hansen, P. and Harari, D. and Harrison, T. A. and Harton, J. L. and Hasankiadeh, Q. and Haungs, A. and Hebbeker, T. and Heck, D. and Heimann, P. and Herve, A. E. and Hill, G. C. and Hojvat, C. and Holt, E. and Homola, P. and Hörandel, J. R. and Horvath, P. and Hrabovský, M. and Huege, T. and Hulsman, J. and Insolia, A. and Isar, P. G. and Jandt, I. and Jansen, S. and Johnsen, J. A. and Josebachuili, M. and Kääpä, A. and Kambeitz, O. and Kampert, K. H. and Kasper, P. and Katkov, I. and Keilhauer, B. and Kemp, E. and Kemp, J. and Kieckhafer, R. M. and Klages, H. O. and Kleifges, M. and Kleinfeller, J. and Krause, R. and Krohm, N. and Kuempel, D. and Mezek, G. Kukec and Kunka, N. and Awad, A. Kuotb and LaHurd, D. and Lauscher, M. and Lebrun, P. and Legumina, R. and de Oliveira, M. A. Leigui and Letessier-Selvon, A. and Lhenry-Yvon, I. and Link, K. and Lopes, L. and López, R. and Casado, A. López and Luce, Q. and Lucero, A. and Malacari, M. and Mallamaci, M. and Mandat, D. and Mantsch, P. and Mariazzi, A. G. and Mariç, I. C. and Marsella, G. and Martello, D. and Martinez, H. and Bravo, O. Martínez and Meza, J. J. Masías and Mathes, H. J. and Mathys, S. and Matthews, J. and Matthews, J. A. J. and Matthiae, G. and Mayotte, E. and Mazur, P. O. and Medina, C. and Medina-Tanco, G. and Melo, D. and Menshikov, A. and Messina, S. and Micheletti, M. I. and Middendorf, L. and Minaya, I. A. and Miramonti, L. and Mitrica, B. and Mockler, D. and Mollerach, S. and Montanet, F. and Morello, C. and Mostafá, M. and Müller, A. L. and Müller, G. and Muller, M. A. and Müller, S. and Mussa, R. and Naranjo, I. and Nellen, L. and Neuser, J. and Nguyen, P. H. and Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M. and Niechciol, M. and Niemietz, L. and Niggemann, T. and Nitz, D. and Nosek, D. and Novotny, V. and Nožka, H. and Núñez, L. A. and Ochilo, L. and Oikonomou, F. and Olinto, A. and Selmi-Dei, D. Pakk and Palatka, M. and Pallotta, J. and Papenbreer, P. and Parente, G. and Parra, A. and Paul, T. and Pech, M. and Pedreira, F. and Pȩkala, J. and Pelayo, R. and Peña-Rodriguez, J. and Pereira, L. A. S. and Perlín, M. and Perrone, L. and Peters, C. and Petrera, S. and Phuntsok, J. and Piegaia, R. and Pierog, T. and Pieroni, P. and Pimenta, M. and Pirronello, V. and Platino, M. and Plum, M. and Porowski, C. and Prado, R. R. and Privitera, P. and Prouza, M. and Quel, E. J. and Querchfeld, S. and Quinn, S. and Ramos-Pollan, R. and Rautenberg, J. and Ravignani, D. and Revenu, B. and Ridky, J. and Risse, M. and Ristori, P. and Rizi, V. and de Carvalho, W. Rodrigues and Fernandez, G. Rodriguez and Rojo, J. Rodriguez and Rogozin, D. and Roncoroni, M. J. and Roth, M. and Roulet, E. and Rovero, A. C. and Ruehl, P. and Saffi, S. J. and Saftoiu, A. and Salazar, H. and Saleh, A. and Greus, F. Salesa and Salina, G. and Gomez, J. D. Sanabria and Sánchez, F. and Sanchez-Lucas, P. and Santos, E. M. and Santos, E. and Sarazin, F. and Sarkar, B. and Sarmento, R. and Sarmiento, C. A. and Sato, R. and Schauer, M. and Scherini, V. and Schieler, H. and Schimp, M. and Schmidt, D. and Scholten, O. and Schovánek, P. and Schröder, F. G. and Schulz, A. and Schulz, J. and Schumacher, J. and Sciutto, S. J. and Segreto, A. and Settimo, M. and Shadkam, A. and Shellard, R. C. and Sigl, G. and Silli, G. and Sima, O. and Śmiałkowski, A. and Šmída, R. and Snow, G. R. and Sommers, P. and Sonntag, S. and Sorokin, J. and Squartini, R. and Stanca, D. and Stanič, S. and Stasielak, J. and Stassi, P. and Strafella, F. and Suarez, F. and Durán, M. Suarez and Sudholz, T. and Suomijärvi, T. and Supanitsky, A. D. and Swain, J. and Szadkowski, Z. and Taboada, A. and Taborda, O. A. and Tapia, A. and Theodoro, V. M. and Timmermans, C. and Peixoto, C. J. Todero and Tomankova, L. and Tomé, B. and Elipe, G. Torralba and Machado, D. Torres and Torri, M. and Travnicek, P. and Trini, M. and Ulrich, R. and Unger, M. and Urban, M. and Galicia, J. F. Valdés and Valiño, I. and Valore, L. and Aar, G. van and Bodegom, P. van and Berg, A. M. van den and Vliet, A. van and Varela, E. and Cárdenas, B. Vargas and Varner, G. and Vázquez, J. R. and Vázquez, R. A. and Veberič, D. and Quispe, I. D. Vergara and Verzi, V. and Vicha, J. and Villaseñor, L. and Vorobiov, S. and Wahlberg, H. and Wainberg, O. and Walz, D. and Watson, A. A. and Weber, M. and Weindl, A. and Wiencke, L. and Wilczyński, H. and Winchen, T. and Wittkowski, D. and Wundheiler, B. and Yang, L. and Yelos, D. and Yushkov, A. and Zas, E. and Zavrtanik, D. and Zavrtanik, M. and Zepeda, A. and Zimmermann, B. and Ziolkowski, M. and Zong, Z. and Zuccarello, F.},
abstractNote = {Atmospheric conditions, such as the pressure (P), temperature (T) or air density ($\rho \propto P/T$), affect the development of extended air showers initiated by energetic cosmic rays. We study the impact of the atmospheric variations on the reconstruction of air showers with data from the arrays of surface detectors of the Pierre Auger Observatory, considering separately the one with detector spacings of 1500 m and the one with 750 m spacing. We observe modulations in the event rates that are due to the influence of the air density and pressure variations on the measured signals, from which the energy estimators are obtained. Lastly, we show how the energy assignment can be corrected to account for such atmospheric effects.},
doi = {10.1088/1748-0221/12/02/P02006},
journal = {Journal of Instrumentation},
number = 02,
volume = 12,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Feb 07 00:00:00 EST 2017},
month = {Tue Feb 07 00:00:00 EST 2017}
}

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Works referenced in this record:

Atmospheric effects on extensive air showers observed with the surface detector of the Pierre Auger observatory
journal, September 2009


Large Scale Distribution of Ultra high Energy Cosmic rays Detected at the Pierre Auger Observatory with Zenith Angles up to 80°
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Works referencing / citing this record:

Observation of a large-scale anisotropy in the arrival directions of cosmic rays above 8 × 10 18 eV
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Observation of a Large-scale Anisotropy in the Arrival Directions of Cosmic Rays above $8 imes 10^{18}$ eV
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