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Title: Reversed nanoscale Kirkendall effect in Au–InAs hybrid nanoparticles

Abstract

Metal–semiconductor hybrid nanoparticles (NPs) offer interesting synergistic properties, leading to unique behaviors that have already been exploited in photocatalysis, electrical, and optoelectronic applications. A fundamental aspect in the synthesis of metal–semiconductor hybrid NPs is the possible diffusion of the metal species through the semiconductor lattice. The importance of understanding and controlling the co-diffusion of different constituents is demonstrated in the synthesis of various hollow-structured NPs via the Kirkendall effect. Here, we used a postsynthesis room-temperature reaction between AuCl3 and InAs nanocrystals (NCs) to form metal–semiconductor core–shell hybrid NPs through the “reversed Kirkendall effect”. In the presented system, the diffusion rate of the inward diffusing species (Au) is faster than that of the outward diffusing species (InAs), which results in the formation of a crystalline metallic Au core surrounded by an amorphous, oxidized InAs shell containing nanoscale voids. We used time-resolved X-ray absorption fine-structure (XAFS) spectroscopy to monitor the diffusion process and found that both the size of the Au core and the extent of the disorder of the InAs shell depend strongly on the Au-to-NC ratio. We have determined, based on multielement fit analysis, that Au diffuses into the NC via the kick-out mechanism, substituting for In host atoms; thismore » compromises the structural stability of the lattice and triggers the formation of In–O bonds. These bonds were used as markers to follow the diffusion process and indicate the extent of degradation of the NC lattice. Time-resolved X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to measure the changes in the crystal structures of InAs and the nanoscale Au phases. By combining the results of XAFS, XRD, and electron microscopy, we correlated the changes in the local structure around Au, As, and In atoms and the changes in the overall InAs crystal structure. This correlative analysis revealed a co-dependence of different structural consequences when introducing Au into the InAs NCs. As a result this study of diffusion effects in nanocrystals has relevance to powerful concepts in solid-state nanochemistry related to processes of cation exchange, doping reactions, and diffusion mechanisms.« less

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [1];  [1];  [3];  [3];  [3];  [2];  [4]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Yeshiva Univ., New York, NY (United States)
  2. Hebrew Univ., Jerusalem (Israel)
  3. Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
  4. Yeshiva Univ., New York, NY (United States); Stony Brook Univ., Stony Brook, NY (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). Center for Functional Nanomaterials (CFN)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
OSTI Identifier:
1342765
Report Number(s):
BNL-113435-2017-JA
Journal ID: ISSN 0897-4756; R&D Project: 16060; 16060; KC0403020; TRN: US1701540
Grant/Contract Number:  
SC00112704
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Chemistry of Materials
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 28; Journal Issue: 21; Journal ID: ISSN 0897-4756
Publisher:
American Chemical Society (ACS)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY; Center for Functional Nanomaterials

Citation Formats

Liu, Jing, Amit, Yorai, Li, Yuanyuan, Plonka, Anna M., Ghose, Sanjit, Zhang, Lihua, Stach, Eric A., Banin, Uri, and Frenkel, Anatoly I. Reversed nanoscale Kirkendall effect in Au–InAs hybrid nanoparticles. United States: N. p., 2016. Web. doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b03779.
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Liu, Jing, Amit, Yorai, Li, Yuanyuan, Plonka, Anna M., Ghose, Sanjit, Zhang, Lihua, Stach, Eric A., Banin, Uri, & Frenkel, Anatoly I. Reversed nanoscale Kirkendall effect in Au–InAs hybrid nanoparticles. United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b03779
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Liu, Jing, Amit, Yorai, Li, Yuanyuan, Plonka, Anna M., Ghose, Sanjit, Zhang, Lihua, Stach, Eric A., Banin, Uri, and Frenkel, Anatoly I. Mon . "Reversed nanoscale Kirkendall effect in Au–InAs hybrid nanoparticles". United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b03779. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1342765.
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@article{osti_1342765,
title = {Reversed nanoscale Kirkendall effect in Au–InAs hybrid nanoparticles},
author = {Liu, Jing and Amit, Yorai and Li, Yuanyuan and Plonka, Anna M. and Ghose, Sanjit and Zhang, Lihua and Stach, Eric A. and Banin, Uri and Frenkel, Anatoly I.},
abstractNote = {Metal–semiconductor hybrid nanoparticles (NPs) offer interesting synergistic properties, leading to unique behaviors that have already been exploited in photocatalysis, electrical, and optoelectronic applications. A fundamental aspect in the synthesis of metal–semiconductor hybrid NPs is the possible diffusion of the metal species through the semiconductor lattice. The importance of understanding and controlling the co-diffusion of different constituents is demonstrated in the synthesis of various hollow-structured NPs via the Kirkendall effect. Here, we used a postsynthesis room-temperature reaction between AuCl3 and InAs nanocrystals (NCs) to form metal–semiconductor core–shell hybrid NPs through the “reversed Kirkendall effect”. In the presented system, the diffusion rate of the inward diffusing species (Au) is faster than that of the outward diffusing species (InAs), which results in the formation of a crystalline metallic Au core surrounded by an amorphous, oxidized InAs shell containing nanoscale voids. We used time-resolved X-ray absorption fine-structure (XAFS) spectroscopy to monitor the diffusion process and found that both the size of the Au core and the extent of the disorder of the InAs shell depend strongly on the Au-to-NC ratio. We have determined, based on multielement fit analysis, that Au diffuses into the NC via the kick-out mechanism, substituting for In host atoms; this compromises the structural stability of the lattice and triggers the formation of In–O bonds. These bonds were used as markers to follow the diffusion process and indicate the extent of degradation of the NC lattice. Time-resolved X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to measure the changes in the crystal structures of InAs and the nanoscale Au phases. By combining the results of XAFS, XRD, and electron microscopy, we correlated the changes in the local structure around Au, As, and In atoms and the changes in the overall InAs crystal structure. This correlative analysis revealed a co-dependence of different structural consequences when introducing Au into the InAs NCs. As a result this study of diffusion effects in nanocrystals has relevance to powerful concepts in solid-state nanochemistry related to processes of cation exchange, doping reactions, and diffusion mechanisms.},
doi = {10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b03779},
journal = {Chemistry of Materials},
number = 21,
volume = 28,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Oct 10 00:00:00 EDT 2016},
month = {Mon Oct 10 00:00:00 EDT 2016}
}
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https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b03779
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