Potential carbon emissions dominated by carbon dioxide from thawed permafrost soils
Abstract
Increasing temperatures in northern high latitudes are causing permafrost to thaw, making large amounts of previously frozen organic matter vulnerable to microbial decomposition. Permafrost thaw also creates a fragmented landscape of drier and wetter soil conditions that determine the amount and form (carbon dioxide (CO2), or methane (CH4)) of carbon (C) released to the atmosphere. The rate and form of C release control the magnitude of the permafrost C feedback, so their relative contribution with a warming climate remains unclear. We quantified the effect of increasing temperature and changes from aerobic to anaerobic soil conditions using 25 soil incubation studies from the permafrost zone. Here we show, using two separate meta-analyses, that a 10 C increase in incubation temperature increased C release by a factor of 2.0 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.8 to 2.2). Under aerobic incubation conditions, soils released 3.4 (95% CI, 2.2 to 5.2) times more C than under anaerobic conditions. Even when accounting for the higher heat trapping capacity of CH4, soils released 2.3 (95% CI, 1.5 to 3.4) times more C under aerobic conditions. These results imply that permafrost ecosystems thawing under aerobic conditions and releasing CO2 will strengthen the permafrost C feedback more than waterloggedmore »
- Authors:
-
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- University of Florida
- New Zealand Forest Reserach Institute, Rotorua, New Zealand
- University of Eastern Finland
- University of Florida, Gainesville
- University of South Bohemia, Czech Republic
- University of Exeter, UK
- ORNL
- Michigan State University, East Lansing
- University of Hamburg, Germany
- University of California, Irvine
- National Park Service
- Marine Biological Laboratory
- University of Alaska Fairbanks
- University of Guelph, Canada
- U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA
- U.S. Geological Survey, Boulder, CO
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1336567
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC05-00OR22725
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Nature Climate Change
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 6; Journal Issue: 10; Journal ID: ISSN 1758-678X
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
Citation Formats
Schadel, Christina, Bader, Martin K. F., Schuur, Edward, Biasi, Christina, Bracho, Rosvel, Capek, Petr, De-Baets, Sarah, Diakova, Katerina, Ernakovich, Jessica G, Estop-Aragones, Cristian, Graham, David E, Hartley, Iain P, Iversen, Colleen M, Kane, Evan, Knoblauch, Christian, Lupascu, Massimo, Martikainen, Pertti, Natali, Susan M, Norby, Richard J, O'Donnell, Jon, Roy Chowdhury, Taniya, Santruckova, Hana, Shaver, Gaius, Sloan, Victoria L, Treat, Claire, Turetsky, M. R., Waldrop, Mark P., and Wickland, Kim. Potential carbon emissions dominated by carbon dioxide from thawed permafrost soils. United States: N. p., 2016.
Web. doi:10.1038/nclimate3054.
Schadel, Christina, Bader, Martin K. F., Schuur, Edward, Biasi, Christina, Bracho, Rosvel, Capek, Petr, De-Baets, Sarah, Diakova, Katerina, Ernakovich, Jessica G, Estop-Aragones, Cristian, Graham, David E, Hartley, Iain P, Iversen, Colleen M, Kane, Evan, Knoblauch, Christian, Lupascu, Massimo, Martikainen, Pertti, Natali, Susan M, Norby, Richard J, O'Donnell, Jon, Roy Chowdhury, Taniya, Santruckova, Hana, Shaver, Gaius, Sloan, Victoria L, Treat, Claire, Turetsky, M. R., Waldrop, Mark P., & Wickland, Kim. Potential carbon emissions dominated by carbon dioxide from thawed permafrost soils. United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3054
Schadel, Christina, Bader, Martin K. F., Schuur, Edward, Biasi, Christina, Bracho, Rosvel, Capek, Petr, De-Baets, Sarah, Diakova, Katerina, Ernakovich, Jessica G, Estop-Aragones, Cristian, Graham, David E, Hartley, Iain P, Iversen, Colleen M, Kane, Evan, Knoblauch, Christian, Lupascu, Massimo, Martikainen, Pertti, Natali, Susan M, Norby, Richard J, O'Donnell, Jon, Roy Chowdhury, Taniya, Santruckova, Hana, Shaver, Gaius, Sloan, Victoria L, Treat, Claire, Turetsky, M. R., Waldrop, Mark P., and Wickland, Kim. Fri .
"Potential carbon emissions dominated by carbon dioxide from thawed permafrost soils". United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3054. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1336567.
@article{osti_1336567,
title = {Potential carbon emissions dominated by carbon dioxide from thawed permafrost soils},
author = {Schadel, Christina and Bader, Martin K. F. and Schuur, Edward and Biasi, Christina and Bracho, Rosvel and Capek, Petr and De-Baets, Sarah and Diakova, Katerina and Ernakovich, Jessica G and Estop-Aragones, Cristian and Graham, David E and Hartley, Iain P and Iversen, Colleen M and Kane, Evan and Knoblauch, Christian and Lupascu, Massimo and Martikainen, Pertti and Natali, Susan M and Norby, Richard J and O'Donnell, Jon and Roy Chowdhury, Taniya and Santruckova, Hana and Shaver, Gaius and Sloan, Victoria L and Treat, Claire and Turetsky, M. R. and Waldrop, Mark P. and Wickland, Kim},
abstractNote = {Increasing temperatures in northern high latitudes are causing permafrost to thaw, making large amounts of previously frozen organic matter vulnerable to microbial decomposition. Permafrost thaw also creates a fragmented landscape of drier and wetter soil conditions that determine the amount and form (carbon dioxide (CO2), or methane (CH4)) of carbon (C) released to the atmosphere. The rate and form of C release control the magnitude of the permafrost C feedback, so their relative contribution with a warming climate remains unclear. We quantified the effect of increasing temperature and changes from aerobic to anaerobic soil conditions using 25 soil incubation studies from the permafrost zone. Here we show, using two separate meta-analyses, that a 10 C increase in incubation temperature increased C release by a factor of 2.0 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.8 to 2.2). Under aerobic incubation conditions, soils released 3.4 (95% CI, 2.2 to 5.2) times more C than under anaerobic conditions. Even when accounting for the higher heat trapping capacity of CH4, soils released 2.3 (95% CI, 1.5 to 3.4) times more C under aerobic conditions. These results imply that permafrost ecosystems thawing under aerobic conditions and releasing CO2 will strengthen the permafrost C feedback more than waterlogged systemsreleasingCO2 andCH4 for a given amount of C.},
doi = {10.1038/nclimate3054},
journal = {Nature Climate Change},
number = 10,
volume = 6,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 2016},
month = {Fri Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 2016}
}
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