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Title: Performance and properties of the first plasmas of Wendelstein 7-X

Abstract

The optimized, superconducting stellarator Wendelstein 7-X went into operation and delivered first measurement data after 15 years of construction and one year commissioning. Errors in the magnet assembly were confirmend to be small. Plasma operation was started with 5 MW electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) power and five inboard limiters. Core plasma values of $${{T}_{\text{e}}}>8$$ keV, $${{T}_{\text{i}}}>2$$ keV at line-integrated densities $$n\approx 3\centerdot {{10}^{19}}~{{\text{m}}^{-2}}$$ were achieved, exceeding the original expectations by about a factor of two. Indications for a core-electron-root were found. The energy confinement times are in line with the international stellarator scaling, despite unfavourable wall conditions, i.e. large areas of metal surfaces and particle sources from the limiter close to the plasma volume. Well controlled shorter hydrogen discharges at higher power (4 MW ECRH power for 1 s) and longer discharges at lower power (0.7 MW ECRH power for 6 s) could be routinely established after proper wall conditioning. Lastly, the fairly large set of diagnostic systems running in the end of the 10 weeks operation campaign provided first insights into expected and unexpected physics of optimized stellarators.

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [3];  [1];  [4];  [1];  [5];  [6];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [5] more »;  [1];  [1];  [1];  [3];  [1];  [7];  [2];  [8];  [1];  [1] « less
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Max-Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Greifswald (Germany)
  2. CIEMAT, Madrid (Spain)
  3. Wigner Research Center for Physics, Budapest (Hungary)
  4. Research Center Julich, Julich (Germany)
  5. Princeton Plasma Physics Lab. (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)
  6. Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States)
  7. Auburn Univ., Auburn, AL (United States)
  8. LPP-ERM/KMS, Brussels (Belgium)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Princeton Plasma Physics Lab. (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE
Contributing Org.:
The Wendelstein 7-X Team
OSTI Identifier:
1335689
Grant/Contract Number:  
633053
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 59; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 0741-3335
Publisher:
IOP Science
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY; stellarator; optimization; plasma performance; central electron root

Citation Formats

Klinger, Thomas, Alonso, A., Bozhenkov, S., Burhenn, R., Dinklage, A., Fuchert, G., Geiger, J., Grulke, O., Langenberg, A., Hirsch, M., Kocsis, G., Knauer, J., Krämer-Flecken, A., Laqua, H., Lazerson, S., Landreman, M., Maaßberg, H., Marsen, S., Otte, M., Pablant, N., Pasch, E., Rahbarnia, K., Stange, T., Szepesi, T., Thomsen, H., Traverso, P., Velasco, J. L., Wauters, T., Weir, G., and Windisch, T. Performance and properties of the first plasmas of Wendelstein 7-X. United States: N. p., 2016. Web. doi:10.1088/0741-3335/59/1/014018.
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Klinger, Thomas, Alonso, A., Bozhenkov, S., Burhenn, R., Dinklage, A., Fuchert, G., Geiger, J., Grulke, O., Langenberg, A., Hirsch, M., Kocsis, G., Knauer, J., Krämer-Flecken, A., Laqua, H., Lazerson, S., Landreman, M., Maaßberg, H., Marsen, S., Otte, M., Pablant, N., Pasch, E., Rahbarnia, K., Stange, T., Szepesi, T., Thomsen, H., Traverso, P., Velasco, J. L., Wauters, T., Weir, G., & Windisch, T. Performance and properties of the first plasmas of Wendelstein 7-X. United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/59/1/014018
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Klinger, Thomas, Alonso, A., Bozhenkov, S., Burhenn, R., Dinklage, A., Fuchert, G., Geiger, J., Grulke, O., Langenberg, A., Hirsch, M., Kocsis, G., Knauer, J., Krämer-Flecken, A., Laqua, H., Lazerson, S., Landreman, M., Maaßberg, H., Marsen, S., Otte, M., Pablant, N., Pasch, E., Rahbarnia, K., Stange, T., Szepesi, T., Thomsen, H., Traverso, P., Velasco, J. L., Wauters, T., Weir, G., and Windisch, T. Tue . "Performance and properties of the first plasmas of Wendelstein 7-X". United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/59/1/014018. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1335689.
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@article{osti_1335689,
title = {Performance and properties of the first plasmas of Wendelstein 7-X},
author = {Klinger, Thomas and Alonso, A. and Bozhenkov, S. and Burhenn, R. and Dinklage, A. and Fuchert, G. and Geiger, J. and Grulke, O. and Langenberg, A. and Hirsch, M. and Kocsis, G. and Knauer, J. and Krämer-Flecken, A. and Laqua, H. and Lazerson, S. and Landreman, M. and Maaßberg, H. and Marsen, S. and Otte, M. and Pablant, N. and Pasch, E. and Rahbarnia, K. and Stange, T. and Szepesi, T. and Thomsen, H. and Traverso, P. and Velasco, J. L. and Wauters, T. and Weir, G. and Windisch, T.},
abstractNote = {The optimized, superconducting stellarator Wendelstein 7-X went into operation and delivered first measurement data after 15 years of construction and one year commissioning. Errors in the magnet assembly were confirmend to be small. Plasma operation was started with 5 MW electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) power and five inboard limiters. Core plasma values of ${{T}_{\text{e}}}>8$ keV, ${{T}_{\text{i}}}>2$ keV at line-integrated densities $n\approx 3\centerdot {{10}^{19}}~{{\text{m}}^{-2}}$ were achieved, exceeding the original expectations by about a factor of two. Indications for a core-electron-root were found. The energy confinement times are in line with the international stellarator scaling, despite unfavourable wall conditions, i.e. large areas of metal surfaces and particle sources from the limiter close to the plasma volume. Well controlled shorter hydrogen discharges at higher power (4 MW ECRH power for 1 s) and longer discharges at lower power (0.7 MW ECRH power for 6 s) could be routinely established after proper wall conditioning. Lastly, the fairly large set of diagnostic systems running in the end of the 10 weeks operation campaign provided first insights into expected and unexpected physics of optimized stellarators.},
doi = {10.1088/0741-3335/59/1/014018},
journal = {Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion},
number = 1,
volume = 59,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Oct 18 00:00:00 EDT 2016},
month = {Tue Oct 18 00:00:00 EDT 2016}
}
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https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/59/1/014018
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    Works referencing / citing this record:

    Kinetic infernal modes for Wendelstein 7-X-like -profiles
    journal, November 2019

    • Zocco, Alessandro; Mishchenko, Alexey; Könies, Axel
    • Journal of Plasma Physics, Vol. 85, Issue 6
    • DOI: 10.1017/s0022377819000795

    Magnetic configuration effects on the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator
    journal, May 2018

    Phased array Doppler reflectometry at Wendelstein 7-X
    journal, October 2018

    • Windisch, T.; Wolf, S.; Weir, G. M.
    • Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 89, Issue 10
    • DOI: 10.1063/1.5039287

    Radial energy flux during destabilized Alfvén eigenmodes
    journal, October 2018

    • Kolesnichenko, Ya. I.; Tykhyy, A. V.
    • Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 10
    • DOI: 10.1063/1.5048380

    Performance of Wendelstein 7-X stellarator plasmas during the first divertor operation phase
    journal, August 2019

    • Wolf, R. C.; Alonso, A.; Äkäslompolo, S.
    • Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 26, Issue 8
    • DOI: 10.1063/1.5098761

    On-surface potential and radial electric field variations in electron root stellarator plasmas
    journal, August 2018

    • García-Regaña, J. M.; Estrada, T.; Calvo, I.
    • Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 60, Issue 10
    • DOI: 10.1088/1361-6587/aad795

    Electron-cyclotron-resonance heating in Wendelstein 7-X: A versatile heating and current-drive method and a tool for in-depth physics studies
    journal, November 2018

    • Wolf, R. C.; Bozhenkov, S.; Dinklage, A.
    • Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 61, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.1088/1361-6587/aaeab2

    First results from divertor operation in Wendelstein 7-X
    journal, November 2018

    • Pedersen, Thomas Sunn; König, Ralf; Krychowiak, Maciej
    • Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 61, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.1088/1361-6587/aaec25

    Pellet fueling experiments in Wendelstein 7-X
    journal, August 2019

    • Baldzuhn, J.; Damm, H.; Beidler, C. D.
    • Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 61, Issue 9
    • DOI: 10.1088/1361-6587/ab3567

    Major results from the first plasma campaign of the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator
    journal, July 2017

    Energy confinement of hydrogen and deuterium electron-root plasmas in the Large Helical Device
    journal, August 2018

    Global energy confinement in the initial limiter configuration of Wendelstein 7-X
    journal, August 2018

    Realization of high T i plasmas and confinement characteristics of ITB plasmas in the LHD deuterium experiments
    journal, August 2018

    Measurements and correction of the 1/1 error field in Wendelstein 7-X
    journal, December 2018

    Observation of anomalous impurity transport during low-density experiments in W7-X with laser blow-off injections of iron
    journal, February 2019

    Overview of first Wendelstein 7-X high-performance operation
    journal, June 2019

    Methods for quantitative study of divertor heat loads on W7-X
    journal, April 2019

    Plasma termination by excess pellet fueling and impurity injection in TJ-II, the Large Helical Device and Wendelstein 7-X
    journal, May 2019

    Radiative edge cooling experiments in Wendelstein 7-X start-up limiter campaign
    journal, May 2019

    Overview of recent TJ-II stellarator results
    journal, July 2019

    First divertor physics studies in Wendelstein 7-X
    journal, July 2019

    Effects of toroidal plasma current on divertor power depositions on Wendelstein 7-X
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    Spectroscopic studies of fuel recycling and impurity behaviors in the divertor region of Wendelstein 7-X
    journal, July 2019

    • Wei, Yanling; Wang, Erhui; Liang, Yunfeng
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    • DOI: 10.1088/2058-6272/ab273b

    Overview of recent TJ-II stellarator results
    text, January 2019

    Overview of first Wendelstein 7-X high-performance operation
    text, January 2019

    On-surface potential and radial electric field variations in electron root stellarator plasmas
    text, January 2018

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