Lean NOx reduction over Ag/alumina catalysts via ethanol-SCR using ethanol/gasoline blends

Gunnarsson, Fredrik; Pihl, Josh A.; Toops, Todd J.; Skoglundh, Magnus; Härelind, Hanna

doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2016.09.009

Title: Lean NO_x reduction over Ag/alumina catalysts via ethanol-SCR using ethanol/gasoline blends

Abstract

This paper focuses on the activity for lean NO_x reduction over sol-gel synthesized silver alumina (Ag/Al₂O₃) catalysts, with and without platinum doping, using ethanol (EtOH), EtOH/C₃H₆ and EtOH/gasoline blends as reducing agents. The effect of ethanol concentration, both by varying the hydrocarbon-to-NO_x ratio and by alternating the gasoline concentration in the EtOH/gasoline mixture, is investigated. High activity for NO_x reduction is demonstrated for powder catalysts for EtOH and EtOH/C₃H₆ as well as for monolith coated catalysts (EtOH and EtOH/gasoline). The results show that pure Ag/Al₂O₃ catalysts display higher NO_x reduction and lower light-off temperature as compared to the platinum doped samples. The 4 wt.% Ag/Al₂O₃ catalyst displays 100% reduction in the range 340–425 °C, with up to 37% selectivity towards NH₃. These results are also supported by DRIFTS (Diffuse reflection infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy) experiments. Finally, the high ammonia formation could, in combination with an NH₃-SCR catalyst, be utilized to construct a NO_x reduction system with lower fuel penalty cf. stand alone HC-SCR. In addition, it would result in an overall decrease in CO₂ emissions.

Authors:

Gunnarsson, Fredrik ^[1]; Pihl, Josh A. ^[2]; Toops, Todd J. ^[2]; Skoglundh, Magnus ^[1];

^[1]

Chalmers Univ. of Technology, Gothenburg (Sweden). Dept. of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering. Competence Centre for Catalysis
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Fuels, Engines, and Emissions Research Center

Publication Date:: Sun Sep 04 00:00:00 EDT 2016

Research Org.:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg (Sweden)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE; Swedish Energy Agency (Sweden); Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (Sweden)

OSTI Identifier:: 1327667

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725; Dnr KAW 2005.0055

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Applied Catalysis. B, Environmental

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 202; Journal ID: ISSN 0926-3373

Publisher:: Elsevier

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; Silver-alumina; Ag/Al2O3; HC-SCR; Platinum doping; Lean NOx reduction

Citation Formats


                    Gunnarsson, Fredrik, Pihl, Josh A., Toops, Todd J., Skoglundh, Magnus, and Härelind, Hanna. Lean NOx reduction over Ag/alumina catalysts via ethanol-SCR using ethanol/gasoline blends.  United States: N. p., 2016. 
Web.  doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2016.09.009.

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                    Gunnarsson, Fredrik, Pihl, Josh A., Toops, Todd J., Skoglundh, Magnus, & Härelind, Hanna. Lean NOx reduction over Ag/alumina catalysts via ethanol-SCR using ethanol/gasoline blends.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2016.09.009

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                    Gunnarsson, Fredrik, Pihl, Josh A., Toops, Todd J., Skoglundh, Magnus, and Härelind, Hanna. Sun .  
"Lean NOx reduction over Ag/alumina catalysts via ethanol-SCR using ethanol/gasoline blends".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2016.09.009.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1327667.

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@article{osti_1327667,

  title        = {Lean NOx reduction over Ag/alumina catalysts via ethanol-SCR using ethanol/gasoline blends},

  author       = {Gunnarsson, Fredrik and Pihl, Josh A. and Toops, Todd J. and Skoglundh, Magnus and Härelind, Hanna},

  abstractNote = {This paper focuses on the activity for lean NOx reduction over sol-gel synthesized silver alumina (Ag/Al2O3) catalysts, with and without platinum doping, using ethanol (EtOH), EtOH/C3H6 and EtOH/gasoline blends as reducing agents. The effect of ethanol concentration, both by varying the hydrocarbon-to-NOx ratio and by alternating the gasoline concentration in the EtOH/gasoline mixture, is investigated. High activity for NOx reduction is demonstrated for powder catalysts for EtOH and EtOH/C3H6 as well as for monolith coated catalysts (EtOH and EtOH/gasoline). The results show that pure Ag/Al2O3 catalysts display higher NOx reduction and lower light-off temperature as compared to the platinum doped samples. The 4 wt.% Ag/Al2O3 catalyst displays 100% reduction in the range 340–425 °C, with up to 37% selectivity towards NH3. These results are also supported by DRIFTS (Diffuse reflection infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy) experiments. Finally, the high ammonia formation could, in combination with an NH3-SCR catalyst, be utilized to construct a NOx reduction system with lower fuel penalty cf. stand alone HC-SCR. In addition, it would result in an overall decrease in CO2 emissions.},

  doi          = {10.1016/j.apcatb.2016.09.009},

  journal      = {Applied Catalysis. B, Environmental},

  number       = ,

  volume       = 202,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Sun Sep 04 00:00:00 EDT 2016},

  month        = {Sun Sep 04 00:00:00 EDT 2016}

}

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Title: Lean NOx reduction over Ag/alumina catalysts via ethanol-SCR using ethanol/gasoline blends

Abstract

Citation Formats

The UCLA population studies of CORD: X. A cohort study of changes in respiratory function associated with chronic exposure to SOx, NOx, and hydrocarbons. journal, March 1991

Catalytic Reduction of Nitrogen Oxides in Automotive Exhaust Containing Excess Oxygen by NOx Storage-Reduction Catalyst journal, January 2000

Trends in NOx abatement: A review journal, September 2010

Kinetic behaviour of HC-SCR over Ag/alumina catalyst using a model paraffinic second generation biodiesel compound journal, August 2009

Selective catalytic reduction of NO x over Ag/Al2O3 using various bio-diesels as reducing agents journal, May 2007

Enhancing the NO/C 3 H 8 /O 2 Reaction by Using H 2 over Ag/Al 2 O 3 Catalysts under Lean-Exhaust Conditions journal, March 2000

Alumina-supported silver catalysts for the selective reduction of nitric oxide with propene and oxygen-containing organic compounds journal, June 1993

Exceptional Activity for NO x Reduction at Low Temperatures Using Combinations of Hydrogen and Higher Hydrocarbons on Ag/Al 2 O 3 Catalysts journal, July 2004

Efficient low temperature lean NOx reduction over Ag/Al2O3—A system approach journal, April 2011

Selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide with ethanol/gasoline blends over a silver/alumina catalyst journal, August 2014

Effects of Fuel Type on Dual SCR Aftertreatment for Lean NOx Reduction journal, October 2009

NOx reduction behavior on alumina with discharging nonthermal plasma in simulated oxidizing exhaust gas journal, January 2006

Materials Issues Related to Catalysts for Treatment of Diesel Exhaust journal, November 2005

Aspects of the Role of Hydrogen in H2-Assisted HC–SCR Over Ag–Al2O3 journal, July 2009

On the performance of Ag/Al 2 O 3 as a HC-SCR catalyst – influence of silver loading, morphology and nature of the reductant journal, January 2013

Selective catalytic reduction of NOx with methanol over supported silver catalysts journal, May 2012

Improved low-temperature activity of silver–alumina for lean NOx reduction – Effects of Ag loading and low-level Pt doping journal, June 2014

Influence of Ageing, Silver Loading and Type of Reducing Agent on the Lean NO x Reduction Over Ag–Al2O3 Catalysts journal, March 2013

Ag–Al2O3 catalysts for lean NOx reduction—Influence of preparation method and reductant journal, April 2009

Combining HC-SCR over Ag/Al 2 O 3 and hydrogen generation over Rh/CeO 2 -ZrO 2 using biofuels: An integrated system approach for real applications journal, January 2015

Effect of Ceria on the Storage and Regeneration Behavior of a Model Lean NO x Trap Catalyst journal, August 2007

Effect of engine-based thermal aging on surface morphology and performance of Lean NOx Traps journal, May 2007

Sulfation of potassium-based lean NOx trap while cycling between lean and rich conditions journal, July 2008

Quantification of the in situ DRIFT spectra of Pt/K/γ-A12O3 NOx adsorber catalysts journal, June 2005

The Brønsted–Evans–Polanyi relation and the volcano curve in heterogeneous catalysis journal, May 2004

Aromatic hydrocarbons and sulfur based catalyst deactivation for selective catalytic reduction of NOx journal, April 2011

Selective catalytic reduction of NOx with CH3OH, C2H5OH and C3H6 in the presence of O2 over Ag/Al2O3 catalyst: Role of surface nitrate species journal, January 2000

Experimental and theoretical characterization of NOx species on Ag/α-Al2O3 journal, December 2009

On the different roles of isocyanate and cyanide species in propene-SCR over silver/alumina journal, April 2008

Nature and catalytic role of active silver species in the lean NOx reduction with C3H6 in the presence of water journal, July 2003

Effect of hydrogen on reaction intermediates in the selective catalytic reduction of NOx by C3H6 journal, November 2007

Evidence for the formation, isomerization and decomposition of organo-nitrite and -nitro species during the NOx reduction by C3H6 on Ag/Al2O3 journal, September 2007

A case study: surface chemistry and surface structure of catalytic aluminas, as studied by vibrational spectroscopy of adsorbed species journal, February 1996

Role of Acetate and Nitrates in the Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO by Propene over Alumina Catalyst as Investigated by FTIR journal, June 1999

Mechanistic Aspects of the Selective Reduction of NO by Propene over Alumina and Silver–Alumina Catalysts journal, October 1999

In situ FT/IR study of selective catalytic reduction of NO over alumina-based catalysts journal, January 2003

Silver-alumina catalysts for selective reduction of NO by higher hydrocarbons: structure of active sites and reaction mechanism journal, February 2001

Catalytic performance of Ag–Al2O3 catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction of NO by higher hydrocarbons journal, March 2000

A comparative study of Ag/Al2O3 and Cu/Al2O3 catalysts for the selective catalytic reduction of NO by C3H6 journal, July 2004

Mechanistic differences in the selective reduction of NO by propene over cobalt- and silver-promoted alumina catalysts: kinetic and in situ DRIFTS study journal, June 2000

Identification of Neutral and Charged N x O y Surface Species by IR Spectroscopy journal, May 2000

An overview of the production and use of ammonia in NSR+SCR coupled system for NOx reduction from lean exhaust gas journal, December 2012

Isocyanate intermediates in the reaction of NO and CO over noble metal catalysts journal, December 1973

Catalytic and mechanistic study of lean NO2 reduction by isobutane and propane over HZSM-5 journal, April 2006

Silver/alumina for methanol-assisted lean NO reduction—On the influence of silver species and hydrogen formation journal, January 2016

Mechanistic Study of Lean NO2 Reduction by Propane Over HZSM-5 in the Presence of Water journal, January 2006

Isocyanate intermediates in the reaction of NO and CO over noble metal catalysts journal, December 1973

An overview of the production and use of ammonia in NSR+SCR coupled system for NOx reduction from lean exhaust gas journal, December 2012

Trends in NOx abatement: A review journal, September 2010

Green planting silver nanoparticles on Populus fibers and the catalytic application journal, May 2018

Direct observation of atomically-resolved silver species on a silver alumina catalyst active for selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides journal, January 2019

NO Removal by Plasma-Enhanced NH3-SCR Using Methane as an Assistant Reduction Agent at Low Temperature journal, July 2019

Title: Lean NO_x reduction over Ag/alumina catalysts via ethanol-SCR using ethanol/gasoline blends

The UCLA population studies of CORD: X. A cohort study of changes in respiratory function associated with chronic exposure to SOx, NOx, and hydrocarbons.
journal, March 1991

Catalytic Reduction of Nitrogen Oxides in Automotive Exhaust Containing Excess Oxygen by NOx Storage-Reduction Catalyst
journal, January 2000

Trends in NOx abatement: A review
journal, September 2010

Kinetic behaviour of HC-SCR over Ag/alumina catalyst using a model paraffinic second generation biodiesel compound
journal, August 2009

Selective catalytic reduction of NO x over Ag/Al2O3 using various bio-diesels as reducing agents
journal, May 2007

Enhancing the NO/C ₃ H ₈ /O ₂ Reaction by Using H ₂ over Ag/Al ₂ O ₃ Catalysts under Lean-Exhaust Conditions
journal, March 2000

Alumina-supported silver catalysts for the selective reduction of nitric oxide with propene and oxygen-containing organic compounds
journal, June 1993

Exceptional Activity for NO _x Reduction at Low Temperatures Using Combinations of Hydrogen and Higher Hydrocarbons on Ag/Al ₂ O ₃ Catalysts
journal, July 2004

Efficient low temperature lean NOx reduction over Ag/Al2O3—A system approach
journal, April 2011

Selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide with ethanol/gasoline blends over a silver/alumina catalyst
journal, August 2014

Effects of Fuel Type on Dual SCR Aftertreatment for Lean NOx Reduction
journal, October 2009

NOx reduction behavior on alumina with discharging nonthermal plasma in simulated oxidizing exhaust gas
journal, January 2006

Materials Issues Related to Catalysts for Treatment of Diesel Exhaust
journal, November 2005

Aspects of the Role of Hydrogen in H2-Assisted HC–SCR Over Ag–Al2O3
journal, July 2009

On the performance of Ag/Al ₂ O ₃ as a HC-SCR catalyst – influence of silver loading, morphology and nature of the reductant
journal, January 2013

Selective catalytic reduction of NOx with methanol over supported silver catalysts
journal, May 2012

Improved low-temperature activity of silver–alumina for lean NOx reduction – Effects of Ag loading and low-level Pt doping
journal, June 2014

Influence of Ageing, Silver Loading and Type of Reducing Agent on the Lean NO x Reduction Over Ag–Al2O3 Catalysts
journal, March 2013

Ag–Al2O3 catalysts for lean NOx reduction—Influence of preparation method and reductant
journal, April 2009

Combining HC-SCR over Ag/Al 2 O 3 and hydrogen generation over Rh/CeO 2 -ZrO 2 using biofuels: An integrated system approach for real applications
journal, January 2015

Effect of Ceria on the Storage and Regeneration Behavior of a Model Lean NO x Trap Catalyst
journal, August 2007

Effect of engine-based thermal aging on surface morphology and performance of Lean NOx Traps
journal, May 2007

Sulfation of potassium-based lean NOx trap while cycling between lean and rich conditions
journal, July 2008

Quantification of the in situ DRIFT spectra of Pt/K/γ-A12O3 NOx adsorber catalysts
journal, June 2005

The Brønsted–Evans–Polanyi relation and the volcano curve in heterogeneous catalysis
journal, May 2004

Aromatic hydrocarbons and sulfur based catalyst deactivation for selective catalytic reduction of NOx
journal, April 2011

Selective catalytic reduction of NOx with CH3OH, C2H5OH and C3H6 in the presence of O2 over Ag/Al2O3 catalyst: Role of surface nitrate species
journal, January 2000

Experimental and theoretical characterization of NOx species on Ag/α-Al2O3
journal, December 2009

On the different roles of isocyanate and cyanide species in propene-SCR over silver/alumina
journal, April 2008

Nature and catalytic role of active silver species in the lean NOx reduction with C3H6 in the presence of water
journal, July 2003

Effect of hydrogen on reaction intermediates in the selective catalytic reduction of NOx by C3H6
journal, November 2007

Evidence for the formation, isomerization and decomposition of organo-nitrite and -nitro species during the NOx reduction by C3H6 on Ag/Al2O3
journal, September 2007

A case study: surface chemistry and surface structure of catalytic aluminas, as studied by vibrational spectroscopy of adsorbed species
journal, February 1996

Role of Acetate and Nitrates in the Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO by Propene over Alumina Catalyst as Investigated by FTIR
journal, June 1999

Mechanistic Aspects of the Selective Reduction of NO by Propene over Alumina and Silver–Alumina Catalysts
journal, October 1999

In situ FT/IR study of selective catalytic reduction of NO over alumina-based catalysts
journal, January 2003

Silver-alumina catalysts for selective reduction of NO by higher hydrocarbons: structure of active sites and reaction mechanism
journal, February 2001

Catalytic performance of Ag–Al2O3 catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction of NO by higher hydrocarbons
journal, March 2000

A comparative study of Ag/Al2O3 and Cu/Al2O3 catalysts for the selective catalytic reduction of NO by C3H6
journal, July 2004

Mechanistic differences in the selective reduction of NO by propene over cobalt- and silver-promoted alumina catalysts: kinetic and in situ DRIFTS study
journal, June 2000

Identification of Neutral and Charged N _x O _y Surface Species by IR Spectroscopy
journal, May 2000

An overview of the production and use of ammonia in NSR+SCR coupled system for NOx reduction from lean exhaust gas
journal, December 2012

Isocyanate intermediates in the reaction of NO and CO over noble metal catalysts
journal, December 1973

Catalytic and mechanistic study of lean NO2 reduction by isobutane and propane over HZSM-5
journal, April 2006

Silver/alumina for methanol-assisted lean NO reduction—On the influence of silver species and hydrogen formation
journal, January 2016

Mechanistic Study of Lean NO2 Reduction by Propane Over HZSM-5 in the Presence of Water
journal, January 2006

Isocyanate intermediates in the reaction of NO and CO over noble metal catalysts
journal, December 1973

An overview of the production and use of ammonia in NSR+SCR coupled system for NOx reduction from lean exhaust gas
journal, December 2012

Trends in NOx abatement: A review
journal, September 2010

Green planting silver nanoparticles on Populus fibers and the catalytic application
journal, May 2018

Direct observation of atomically-resolved silver species on a silver alumina catalyst active for selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides
journal, January 2019

NO Removal by Plasma-Enhanced NH3-SCR Using Methane as an Assistant Reduction Agent at Low Temperature
journal, July 2019