Scalable synthesis of palladium icosahedra in plug reactors for the production of oxygen reduction reaction catalysts

Wang, Helan; Niu, Guangda; Zhou, Ming; Wang, Xue; Park, Jinho; Bao, Shixiong; Chi, Miaofang; Cai, Zaisheng; Xia, Younan

doi:10.1002/cctc.201600060

Title: Scalable synthesis of palladium icosahedra in plug reactors for the production of oxygen reduction reaction catalysts

Abstract

We have synthesized Pd icosahedra with uniform, controllable sizes in plug reactors separated by air. The oxygen contained in the air segments not only contributed to the generation of a reductant from diethylene glycol in situ, but also oxidized elemental Pd back to the ionic form by oxidative etching and thus slowed down the reduction kinetics. Compared to droplet reactors involving silicone oil or fluorocarbon, the use of air as a carrier phase could reduce the production cost by avoiding additional procedures for the separation of products from the oil. The average diameters of the Pd icosahedra could be readily controlled in the range of 12–20 nm. The Pd icosahedra were further employed as seeds for the production of Pd@Pt_2–3L core-shell icosahedra, which could serve as a catalyst toward the oxygen reduction reaction with greatly enhanced activity. As a result, we believe that the plug reactors could be extended to other types of noble-metal nanocrystals for their scale-up production.

Authors:

Wang, Helan ^[1]; Niu, Guangda ^[2]; Zhou, Ming ^[2]; Wang, Xue ^[2]; Park, Jinho ^[3]; Bao, Shixiong ^[2]; Chi, Miaofang ^[4]; Cai, Zaisheng ^[5]; Xia, Younan ^[2]

Georgia Inst. of Technology, Atlanta, GA (United States); Emory Univ., Atlanta, GA (United States); Donghua Univ., Shanghai (People's Republic of China)
Georgia Inst. of Technology, Atlanta, GA (United States); Emory Univ., Atlanta, GA (United States)
Georgia Inst. of Technology, Atlanta, GA (United States)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Donghua Univ., Shanghai (People's Republic of China)

Publication Date:: Thu Mar 10 00:00:00 EST 2016

Research Org.:: Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

OSTI Identifier:: 1326547

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: ChemCatChem

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 8; Journal Issue: 9; Journal ID: ISSN 1867-3880

Publisher:: ChemPubSoc Europe

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

Citation Formats


                    Wang, Helan, Niu, Guangda, Zhou, Ming, Wang, Xue, Park, Jinho, Bao, Shixiong, Chi, Miaofang, Cai, Zaisheng, and Xia, Younan. Scalable synthesis of palladium icosahedra in plug reactors for the production of oxygen reduction reaction catalysts.  United States: N. p., 2016. 
Web.  doi:10.1002/cctc.201600060.

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                    Wang, Helan, Niu, Guangda, Zhou, Ming, Wang, Xue, Park, Jinho, Bao, Shixiong, Chi, Miaofang, Cai, Zaisheng, & Xia, Younan. Scalable synthesis of palladium icosahedra in plug reactors for the production of oxygen reduction reaction catalysts.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201600060

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                    Wang, Helan, Niu, Guangda, Zhou, Ming, Wang, Xue, Park, Jinho, Bao, Shixiong, Chi, Miaofang, Cai, Zaisheng, and Xia, Younan. Thu .  
"Scalable synthesis of palladium icosahedra in plug reactors for the production of oxygen reduction reaction catalysts".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201600060.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1326547.

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@article{osti_1326547,

  title        = {Scalable synthesis of palladium icosahedra in plug reactors for the production of oxygen reduction reaction catalysts},

  author       = {Wang, Helan and Niu, Guangda and Zhou, Ming and Wang, Xue and Park, Jinho and Bao, Shixiong and Chi, Miaofang and Cai, Zaisheng and Xia, Younan},

  abstractNote = {We have synthesized Pd icosahedra with uniform, controllable sizes in plug reactors separated by air. The oxygen contained in the air segments not only contributed to the generation of a reductant from diethylene glycol in situ, but also oxidized elemental Pd back to the ionic form by oxidative etching and thus slowed down the reduction kinetics. Compared to droplet reactors involving silicone oil or fluorocarbon, the use of air as a carrier phase could reduce the production cost by avoiding additional procedures for the separation of products from the oil. The average diameters of the Pd icosahedra could be readily controlled in the range of 12–20 nm. The Pd icosahedra were further employed as seeds for the production of Pd@Pt2–3L core-shell icosahedra, which could serve as a catalyst toward the oxygen reduction reaction with greatly enhanced activity. As a result, we believe that the plug reactors could be extended to other types of noble-metal nanocrystals for their scale-up production.},

  doi          = {10.1002/cctc.201600060},

  journal      = {ChemCatChem},

  number       = 9,

  volume       = 8,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Thu Mar 10 00:00:00 EST 2016},

  month        = {Thu Mar 10 00:00:00 EST 2016}

}

Copy to clipboard

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Title: Scalable synthesis of palladium icosahedra in plug reactors for the production of oxygen reduction reaction catalysts

Abstract

Citation Formats

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Controlled Synthesis of Nanosized Palladium icosahedra and Their Catalytic Activity towards Formic-Acid Oxidation
journal, September 2013

Facile Synthesis of Bimetallic Nanoplates Consisting of Pd Cores and Pt Shells through Seeded Epitaxial Growth
journal, August 2008

Scaling up the Production of Colloidal Nanocrystals: Should We Increase or Decrease the Reaction Volume?
journal, February 2014

Polyol Syntheses of Palladium Decahedra and Icosahedra as Pure Samples by Maneuvering the Reaction Kinetics with Additives
journal, June 2014

Toward continuous and scalable production of colloidal nanocrystals by switching from batch to droplet reactors
journal, January 2015

Microfluidics in Inorganic Chemistry
journal, August 2010

Mikrofluidik in der anorganischen Chemie
journal, August 2010

Continuous Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles in a Microreactor
journal, April 2005

Droplet-Based Microfluidic Synthesis of Anisotropic Metal Nanocrystals
journal, December 2009

Synthesis, assembly and reaction of a nanocatalyst in microfluidic systems: a general platform
journal, January 2012

Two-Phase Microfluidic Droplet Flows of Ionic Liquids for the Synthesis of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles
journal, May 2012

Droplet-Based Microreactors for Continuous Production of Palladium Nanocrystals with Controlled Sizes and Shapes
journal, April 2013

Continuous and Scalable Production of Well-Controlled Noble-Metal Nanocrystals in Milliliter-Sized Droplet Reactors
journal, October 2014

Ultrafast and Continuous Synthesis of Unaccommodating Inorganic Nanomaterials in Droplet- and Ionic Liquid-Assisted Microfluidic System
journal, September 2011

Seed-Mediated Synthesis of Silver Nanocrystals with Controlled Sizes and Shapes in Droplet Microreactors Separated by Air
journal, December 2013

On the Polyol Synthesis of Silver Nanostructures: Glycolaldehyde as a Reducing Agent
journal, July 2008

Polyol Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: Use of Chloride and Oxygen to Promote the Formation of Single-Crystal, Truncated Cubes and Tetrahedrons
journal, September 2004

Kinetically Controlled Synthesis of Triangular and Hexagonal Nanoplates of Palladium and Their SPR/SERS Properties
journal, December 2005

Use of Reduction Rate as a Quantitative Knob for Controlling the Twin Structure and Shape of Palladium Nanocrystals
journal, January 2015

Controllable Polyol Synthesis of Uniform Palladium Icosahedra: Effect of Twinned Structure on Deformation of Crystalline Lattices
journal, September 2009

Controllable Polyol Synthesis of Uniform Palladium Icosahedra: Effect of Twinned Structure on Deformation of Crystalline Lattices
journal, September 2009

Palladium–platinum core-shell icosahedra with substantially enhanced activity and durability towards oxygen reduction
journal, July 2015

On the role of surface diffusion in determining the shape or morphology of noble-metal nanocrystals
journal, April 2013

Keimvermitteltes Wachstum kolloidaler Metallnanokristalle
journal, December 2016

Seed-Mediated Growth of Colloidal Metal Nanocrystals
journal, December 2016

Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Activity on Carbon Supported Pd Nanoparticles Via SiO ₂
journal, January 2019

Continuous and Scalable Synthesis of Pt Multipods with Enhanced Electrocatalytic Activity toward the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
journal, March 2019

Tuning the catalytic activity of colloidal noble metal nanocrystals by using differently charged surfactants
journal, January 2018

Toward affordable and sustainable use of precious metals in catalysis and nanomedicine
journal, November 2018