Aberrated electron probes for magnetic spectroscopy with atomic resolution: Theory and practical aspects

Rusz, Ján; Idrobo, Juan Carlos

doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.93.104420

Title: Aberrated electron probes for magnetic spectroscopy with atomic resolution: Theory and practical aspects

Abstract

It was recently proposed that electron magnetic circular dichroism (EMCD) can be measured in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) with atomic resolution by tuning the phase distribution of a electron beam. Here, we describe the theoretical and practical aspects for the detection of out-of-plane and in-plane magnetization utilizing atomic size electron probes. Here we present the calculated optimized astigmatic probes and discuss how to achieve them experimentally.

Authors:

Rusz, Ján ^[1]; Idrobo, Juan Carlos ^[2]

Uppsala Univ. (Sweden)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Center for Nanophase Materials Science (CNMS)

Publication Date:: Thu Mar 24 00:00:00 EDT 2016

Research Org.:: Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

OSTI Identifier:: 1311235

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1243160

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Physical Review B

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 93; Journal Issue: 10; Journal ID: ISSN 2469-9950

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION; STEM; EELS; EMCD; aberration

Citation Formats


                    Rusz, Ján, and Idrobo, Juan Carlos. Aberrated electron probes for magnetic spectroscopy with atomic resolution: Theory and practical aspects.  United States: N. p., 2016. 
Web.  doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.93.104420.

Copy to clipboard


                    Rusz, Ján, & Idrobo, Juan Carlos. Aberrated electron probes for magnetic spectroscopy with atomic resolution: Theory and practical aspects.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.93.104420

Copy to clipboard


                    Rusz, Ján, and Idrobo, Juan Carlos. Thu .  
"Aberrated electron probes for magnetic spectroscopy with atomic resolution: Theory and practical aspects".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.93.104420.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1311235.

Copy to clipboard


                    
@article{osti_1311235,

  title        = {Aberrated electron probes for magnetic spectroscopy with atomic resolution: Theory and practical aspects},

  author       = {Rusz, Ján and Idrobo, Juan Carlos},

  abstractNote = {It was recently proposed that electron magnetic circular dichroism (EMCD) can be measured in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) with atomic resolution by tuning the phase distribution of a electron beam. Here, we describe the theoretical and practical aspects for the detection of out-of-plane and in-plane magnetization utilizing atomic size electron probes. Here we present the calculated optimized astigmatic probes and discuss how to achieve them experimentally.},

  doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevB.93.104420},

  journal      = {Physical Review B},

  number       = 10,

  volume       = 93,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Thu Mar 24 00:00:00 EDT 2016},

  month        = {Thu Mar 24 00:00:00 EDT 2016}

}

Copy to clipboard

Journal Article:

Free Publicly Available Full Text

Accepted Manuscript (Publisher)

Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Publisher's Version of Record

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.93.104420

Other availability

Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 11 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

Save / Share:

Export Metadata

Save to My Library

Works referenced in this record:

A proposal for dichroic experiments in the electron microscope
journal, September 2003

Hébert, C.; Schattschneider, P.
Ultramicroscopy, Vol. 96, Issue 3-4
DOI: 10.1016/S0304-3991(03)00108-6

Symmetry-selected electron-energy-loss scattering in diamond
journal, March 1993

Batson, P. E.
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 70, Issue 12
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.70.1822

Detection of magnetic circular dichroism using a transmission electron microscope
journal, May 2006

Schattschneider, P.; Rubino, S.; Hébert, C.
Nature, Vol. 441, Issue 7092
DOI: 10.1038/nature04778

Evidence of intrinsic ferromagnetism in individual dilute magnetic semiconducting nanostructures
journal, July 2009

Zhang, Z. H.; Wang, Xuefeng; Xu, J. B.
Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 4, Issue 8
DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2009.181

Direct measurement of ferromagnetic ordering in biaxially strained LaCoO3 thin films
journal, February 2010

Klie, R. F.; Yuan, T.; Tanase, M.
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 96, Issue 8
DOI: 10.1063/1.3336010

EMCD real space maps of Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum
journal, July 2011

Stöger-Pollach, M.; Treiber, C. D.; Resch, G. P.
Micron, Vol. 42, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2011.01.003

Origination of electron magnetic chiral dichroism in cobalt-doped ZnO dilute magnetic semiconductors
journal, August 2011

Zhang, Z. H.; Tao, H. L.; He, Ming
Scripta Materialia, Vol. 65, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2011.05.013

Surfactant Organic Molecules Restore Magnetism in Metal-Oxide Nanoparticle Surfaces
journal, April 2012

Salafranca, Juan; Gazquez, Jaume; Pérez, Nicolás
Nano Letters, Vol. 12, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1021/nl300665z

Electron magnetic chiral dichroism in CrO2 thin films using monochromatic probe illumination in a transmission electron microscope
journal, November 2012

Loukya, B.; Zhang, X.; Gupta, A.
Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 324, Issue 22
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2012.06.012

Quantitative experimental determination of site-specific magnetic structures by transmitted electrons
journal, January 2013

Wang, Z. Q.; Zhong, X. Y.; Yu, R.
Nature Communications, Vol. 4, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2323

Quantitative characterization of nanoscale polycrystalline magnets with electron magnetic circular dichroism
journal, January 2014

Muto, Shunsuke; Rusz, Ján; Tatsumi, Kazuyoshi
Nature Communications, Vol. 5, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4138

First-principles theory of chiral dichroism in electron microscopy applied to $3 d$ ferromagnets
journal, June 2007

Rusz, Ján; Rubino, Stefano; Schattschneider, Peter
Physical Review B, Vol. 75, Issue 21
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.214425

Sum rules for electron energy loss near edge spectra
journal, August 2007

Rusz, Ján; Eriksson, Olle; Novák, Pavel
Physical Review B, Vol. 76, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.060408

Experimental application of sum rules for electron energy loss magnetic chiral dichroism
journal, August 2007

Calmels, L.; Houdellier, F.; Warot-Fonrose, B.
Physical Review B, Vol. 76, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.060409

Local electronic structure information contained in energy-filtered diffraction patterns
journal, August 2011

Rusz, Ján; Rubino, Stefano; Eriksson, Olle
Physical Review B, Vol. 84, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.064444

New algorithm for efficient Bloch-waves calculations of orientation-sensitive ELNES
journal, February 2013

Rusz, Ján; Muto, Shunsuke; Tatsumi, Kazuyoshi
Ultramicroscopy, Vol. 125
DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2012.09.009

Generation of electron beams carrying orbital angular momentum
journal, April 2010

Uchida, Masaya; Tonomura, Akira
Nature, Vol. 464, Issue 7289
DOI: 10.1038/nature08904

Electron Vortex Beams with High Quanta of Orbital Angular Momentum
journal, January 2011

McMorran, B. J.; Agrawal, A.; Anderson, I. M.
Science, Vol. 331, Issue 6014, p. 192-195
DOI: 10.1126/science.1198804

Production and application of electron vortex beams
journal, September 2010

Verbeeck, J.; Tian, H.; Schattschneider, P.
Nature, Vol. 467, Issue 7313
DOI: 10.1038/nature09366

Semiclassical Dynamics of Electron Wave Packet States with Phase Vortices
journal, November 2007

Bliokh, Konstantin Yu.; Bliokh, Yury P.; Savel’ev, Sergey
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 99, Issue 19
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.190404

Advanced Electron Microscopy for Advanced Materials
journal, August 2012

Van Tendeloo, Gustaaf; Bals, Sara; Van Aert, Sandra
Advanced Materials, Vol. 24, Issue 42
DOI: 10.1002/adma.201202107

Boundaries for Efficient Use of Electron Vortex Beams to Measure Magnetic Properties
journal, September 2013

Rusz, Ján; Bhowmick, Somnath
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 111, Issue 10
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.105504

Is magnetic chiral dichroism feasible with electron vortices?
journal, January 2014

Schattschneider, P.; Löffler, S.; Stöger-Pollach, M.
Ultramicroscopy, Vol. 136
DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2013.07.012

Scattering of electron vortex beams on a magnetic crystal: Towards atomic-resolution magnetic measurements
journal, April 2014

Rusz, Ján; Bhowmick, Somnath; Eriksson, Mattias
Physical Review B, Vol. 89, Issue 13
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.89.134428

Vortex beam production and contrast enhancement from a magnetic spiral phase plate
journal, January 2014

Blackburn, A. M.; Loudon, J. C.
Ultramicroscopy, Vol. 136
DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2013.08.009

Magnetic monopole field exposed by electrons
journal, December 2013

Béché, Armand; Van Boxem, Ruben; Van Tendeloo, Gustaaf
Nature Physics, Vol. 10, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1038/nphys2816

Production of electron vortex beams carrying large orbital angular momentum using spiral zone plates
journal, March 2012

Saitoh, K.; Hasegawa, Y.; Tanaka, N.
Journal of Electron Microscopy
DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfs036

A new way of producing electron vortex probes for STEM
journal, February 2012

Verbeeck, J.; Tian, H.; Béché, A.
Ultramicroscopy, Vol. 113
DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2011.10.008

Toward Single Mode, Atomic Size Electron Vortex Beams
journal, May 2014

Krivanek, Ondrej L.; Rusz, Jan; Idrobo, Juan-Carlos
Microscopy and Microanalysis, Vol. 20, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1017/S143192761400083X

Atomic scale electron vortices for nanoresearch
journal, November 2011

Verbeeck, J.; Schattschneider, P.; Lazar, S.
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 99, Issue 20
DOI: 10.1063/1.3662012

Achieving Atomic Resolution Magnetic Dichroism by Controlling the Phase Symmetry of an Electron Probe
journal, September 2014

Rusz, Ján; Idrobo, Juan-Carlos; Bhowmick, Somnath
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 113, Issue 14
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.145501

Towards sub-Å electron beams
journal, June 1999

Krivanek, O. L.; Dellby, N.; Lupini, A. R.
Ultramicroscopy, Vol. 78, Issue 1-4
DOI: 10.1016/S0304-3991(99)00013-3

High Efficiency Electron Diffractive Optics
journal, August 2013

Pierce, J. S.; Harvey, T. R.; Yahn, T. S.
Microscopy and Microanalysis, Vol. 19, Issue S2
DOI: 10.1017/S1431927613007939

Highly efficient electron vortex beams generated by nanofabricated phase holograms
journal, January 2014

Grillo, Vincenzo; Carlo Gazzadi, Gian; Karimi, Ebrahim
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 104, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1063/1.4863564

Sculpturing the electron wave function using nanoscale phase masks
journal, September 2014

Shiloh, Roy; Lereah, Yossi; Lilach, Yigal
Ultramicroscopy, Vol. 144
DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2014.04.007

Sum rules for polarization-dependent x-ray absorption
journal, January 1995

Ankudinov, A.; Rehr, J. J.
Physical Review B, Vol. 51, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.51.1282

An electron microscope for the aberration-corrected era
journal, February 2008

Krivanek, O. L.; Corbin, G. J.; Dellby, N.
Ultramicroscopy, Vol. 108, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2007.07.010

Works referencing / citing this record:

Probing the localization of magnetic dichroism by atomic-size astigmatic and vortex electron beams
journal, March 2018

Negi, Devendra Singh; Idrobo, Juan Carlos; Rusz, Ján
Scientific Reports, Vol. 8, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22234-8

Prospect for detecting magnetism of a single impurity atom using electron magnetic chiral dichroism
journal, September 2019

Negi, Devendra; Zeiger, Paul M.; Jones, Lewys
Physical Review B, Vol. 100, Issue 10
DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.100.104434

Detecting magnetic ordering with atomic size electron probes
journal, May 2016

Idrobo, Juan Carlos; Rusz, Ján; Spiegelberg, Jakob
Advanced Structural and Chemical Imaging, Vol. 2, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1186/s40679-016-0019-9

Similar Records in DOE PAGES and OSTI.GOV collections:

Achieving atomic resolution magnetic dichroism by controlling the phase symmetry of an electron probe

Journal Article Rusz, Jan ; Idrobo, Juan -Carlos ; Bhowmick, Somnath - Physical Review Letters

The calculations presented here reveal that an electron probe carrying orbital angular momentum is just a particular case of a wider class of electron beams that can be used to measure electron magnetic circular dichroism (EMCD) with atomic resolution. It is possible to obtain an EMCD signal with atomic resolution by simply breaking the symmetry of the electron probe phase front using the aberration-corrected optics of a scanning transmission electron microscope. The probe’s required phase distribution depends on the sample’s magnetic symmetry and crystal structure. The calculations indicate that EMCD signals that use the electron probe’s phase are as strongmore »« less
Cited by 37
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.145501

Full Text Available
Probing the localization of magnetic dichroism by atomic-size astigmatic and vortex electron beams

Journal Article Negi, Devendra Singh ; Idrobo, Juan Carlos ; Rusz, Ján - Scientific Reports

We report localization of a magnetic dichroic signal on atomic columns in electron magnetic circular dichroism (EMCD), probed by beam distorted by four-fold astigmatism and electron vortex beam. With astigmatic probe, magnetic signal to noise ratio can be enhanced by blocking the intensity from the central part of probe. However, the simulations show that for atomic resolution magnetic measurements, vortex beam is a more effective probe, with much higher magnetic signal to noise ratio. For all considered beam shapes, the optimal SNR constrains the signal detection at low collection angles of approximately 6–8 mrad. Irrespective of the material thickness, themore »« less
Cited by 12
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-22234-8

Full Text Available
Detecting magnetic ordering with atomic size electron probes

Journal Article Idrobo, Juan Carlos ; Rusz, Ján ; Spiegelberg, Jakob ; ... - Advanced Structural and Chemical Imaging

While magnetism originates at the atomic scale, the existing spectroscopic techniques sensitive to magnetic signals only produce spectra with spatial resolution on a larger scale. However, recently, it has been theoretically argued that atomic size electron probes with customized phase distributions can detect magnetic circular dichroism. Here, we report a direct experimental real-space detection of magnetic circular dichroism in aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Using an atomic size-aberrated electron probe with a customized phase distribution, we reveal the checkerboard antiferromagnetic ordering of Mn moments in LaMnAsO by observing a dichroic signal in the Mn L-edge. The novel experimental setupmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40679-016-0019-9

Full Text Available
Theory-assisted determination of nano-rippling and impurities in atomic resolution images of angle-mismatched bilayer graphene

Journal Article Ovchinnikov, Oleg S. ; O’Hara, Andrew ; Nicholl, Ryan J. T. ; ... - 2D Materials

Ripples and impurity atoms are universally present in 2D materials, limiting carrier mobility, creating pseudo–magnetic fields, or affecting the electronic and magnetic properties. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) generally provides picometer-level precision in the determination of the location of atoms or atomic 'columns' in the in-image plane (xy plane). However, precise atomic positions in the z-direction as well as the presence of certain impurities are difficult to detect. Furthermore, images containing moiré patterns such as those in angle-mismatched bilayer graphene compound the problem by limiting the determination of atomic positions in the xy plane. Here, we introduce a reconstructive approachmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1583/aadb5f

Full Text Available
Germanium Sulfide Nano-Optics Probed by STEM-Cathodoluminescence Spectroscopy

Journal Article Sutter, Peter ; Argyropoulos, Christos ; Sutter, Eli - Nano Letters

Nano-optical studies of confined modes in planar waveguides have attracted significant interest as a means to probe exciton-polaritons and other hybrid light-matter quasiparticles in layered semiconductors, such as transition metal dichalcogenides or boron nitride. There is a need to broaden such studies to other materials and to identify alternatives to scanning near-field optical microscopy for exciting and measuring confined waveguide modes. Here, we establish an approach for probing the dispersion of traveling waveguide modes by cathodoluminescence spectroscopy excited by the focused electron beam in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM-CL) and apply it to solid-state resonators consisting of mesoscale monocrystalline prismsmore »« less
Cited by 27
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b01840

Full Text Available

Similar Records

Title: Aberrated electron probes for magnetic spectroscopy with atomic resolution: Theory and practical aspects

Abstract

Citation Formats

A proposal for dichroic experiments in the electron microscope journal, September 2003

Symmetry-selected electron-energy-loss scattering in diamond journal, March 1993

Detection of magnetic circular dichroism using a transmission electron microscope journal, May 2006

Evidence of intrinsic ferromagnetism in individual dilute magnetic semiconducting nanostructures journal, July 2009

Direct measurement of ferromagnetic ordering in biaxially strained LaCoO3 thin films journal, February 2010

EMCD real space maps of Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum journal, July 2011

Origination of electron magnetic chiral dichroism in cobalt-doped ZnO dilute magnetic semiconductors journal, August 2011

Surfactant Organic Molecules Restore Magnetism in Metal-Oxide Nanoparticle Surfaces journal, April 2012

Electron magnetic chiral dichroism in CrO2 thin films using monochromatic probe illumination in a transmission electron microscope journal, November 2012

Quantitative experimental determination of site-specific magnetic structures by transmitted electrons journal, January 2013

Quantitative characterization of nanoscale polycrystalline magnets with electron magnetic circular dichroism journal, January 2014

First-principles theory of chiral dichroism in electron microscopy applied to 3 d ferromagnets journal, June 2007

Sum rules for electron energy loss near edge spectra journal, August 2007

Experimental application of sum rules for electron energy loss magnetic chiral dichroism journal, August 2007

Local electronic structure information contained in energy-filtered diffraction patterns journal, August 2011

New algorithm for efficient Bloch-waves calculations of orientation-sensitive ELNES journal, February 2013

Generation of electron beams carrying orbital angular momentum journal, April 2010

Electron Vortex Beams with High Quanta of Orbital Angular Momentum journal, January 2011

Production and application of electron vortex beams journal, September 2010

Semiclassical Dynamics of Electron Wave Packet States with Phase Vortices journal, November 2007

Advanced Electron Microscopy for Advanced Materials journal, August 2012

Boundaries for Efficient Use of Electron Vortex Beams to Measure Magnetic Properties journal, September 2013

Is magnetic chiral dichroism feasible with electron vortices? journal, January 2014

Scattering of electron vortex beams on a magnetic crystal: Towards atomic-resolution magnetic measurements journal, April 2014

Vortex beam production and contrast enhancement from a magnetic spiral phase plate journal, January 2014

Magnetic monopole field exposed by electrons journal, December 2013

Production of electron vortex beams carrying large orbital angular momentum using spiral zone plates journal, March 2012

A new way of producing electron vortex probes for STEM journal, February 2012

Toward Single Mode, Atomic Size Electron Vortex Beams journal, May 2014

Atomic scale electron vortices for nanoresearch journal, November 2011

Achieving Atomic Resolution Magnetic Dichroism by Controlling the Phase Symmetry of an Electron Probe journal, September 2014

Towards sub-Å electron beams journal, June 1999

High Efficiency Electron Diffractive Optics journal, August 2013

Highly efficient electron vortex beams generated by nanofabricated phase holograms journal, January 2014

Sculpturing the electron wave function using nanoscale phase masks journal, September 2014

Sum rules for polarization-dependent x-ray absorption journal, January 1995

An electron microscope for the aberration-corrected era journal, February 2008

Probing the localization of magnetic dichroism by atomic-size astigmatic and vortex electron beams journal, March 2018

Prospect for detecting magnetism of a single impurity atom using electron magnetic chiral dichroism journal, September 2019

Detecting magnetic ordering with atomic size electron probes journal, May 2016

A proposal for dichroic experiments in the electron microscope
journal, September 2003

Symmetry-selected electron-energy-loss scattering in diamond
journal, March 1993

Detection of magnetic circular dichroism using a transmission electron microscope
journal, May 2006

Evidence of intrinsic ferromagnetism in individual dilute magnetic semiconducting nanostructures
journal, July 2009

Direct measurement of ferromagnetic ordering in biaxially strained LaCoO3 thin films
journal, February 2010

EMCD real space maps of Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum
journal, July 2011

Origination of electron magnetic chiral dichroism in cobalt-doped ZnO dilute magnetic semiconductors
journal, August 2011

Surfactant Organic Molecules Restore Magnetism in Metal-Oxide Nanoparticle Surfaces
journal, April 2012

Electron magnetic chiral dichroism in CrO2 thin films using monochromatic probe illumination in a transmission electron microscope
journal, November 2012

Quantitative experimental determination of site-specific magnetic structures by transmitted electrons
journal, January 2013

Quantitative characterization of nanoscale polycrystalline magnets with electron magnetic circular dichroism
journal, January 2014

First-principles theory of chiral dichroism in electron microscopy applied to $3 d$ ferromagnets
journal, June 2007

Sum rules for electron energy loss near edge spectra
journal, August 2007

Experimental application of sum rules for electron energy loss magnetic chiral dichroism
journal, August 2007

Local electronic structure information contained in energy-filtered diffraction patterns
journal, August 2011

New algorithm for efficient Bloch-waves calculations of orientation-sensitive ELNES
journal, February 2013

Generation of electron beams carrying orbital angular momentum
journal, April 2010

Electron Vortex Beams with High Quanta of Orbital Angular Momentum
journal, January 2011

Production and application of electron vortex beams
journal, September 2010

Semiclassical Dynamics of Electron Wave Packet States with Phase Vortices
journal, November 2007

Advanced Electron Microscopy for Advanced Materials
journal, August 2012

Boundaries for Efficient Use of Electron Vortex Beams to Measure Magnetic Properties
journal, September 2013

Is magnetic chiral dichroism feasible with electron vortices?
journal, January 2014

Scattering of electron vortex beams on a magnetic crystal: Towards atomic-resolution magnetic measurements
journal, April 2014

Vortex beam production and contrast enhancement from a magnetic spiral phase plate
journal, January 2014

Magnetic monopole field exposed by electrons
journal, December 2013

Production of electron vortex beams carrying large orbital angular momentum using spiral zone plates
journal, March 2012

A new way of producing electron vortex probes for STEM
journal, February 2012

Toward Single Mode, Atomic Size Electron Vortex Beams
journal, May 2014

Atomic scale electron vortices for nanoresearch
journal, November 2011

Achieving Atomic Resolution Magnetic Dichroism by Controlling the Phase Symmetry of an Electron Probe
journal, September 2014

Towards sub-Å electron beams
journal, June 1999

High Efficiency Electron Diffractive Optics
journal, August 2013

Highly efficient electron vortex beams generated by nanofabricated phase holograms
journal, January 2014

Sculpturing the electron wave function using nanoscale phase masks
journal, September 2014

Sum rules for polarization-dependent x-ray absorption
journal, January 1995

An electron microscope for the aberration-corrected era
journal, February 2008

Probing the localization of magnetic dichroism by atomic-size astigmatic and vortex electron beams
journal, March 2018

Prospect for detecting magnetism of a single impurity atom using electron magnetic chiral dichroism
journal, September 2019

Detecting magnetic ordering with atomic size electron probes
journal, May 2016