Scintillation properties of Eu2+-doped KBa2I5 and K2BaI4

Stand, L.; Zhuravleva, M.; Chakoumakos, Bryan C.; Johnson, J.; Lindsey, Adam; Melcher, Charles L.

doi:10.1016/j.jlumin.2015.09.013

Title: Scintillation properties of Eu²⁺-doped KBa₂I₅ and K₂BaI₄

Abstract

We report two new ternary metal halide scintillators, KBa₂I₅ and K₂BaI₄, activated with divalent europium. Single crystal X-ray diffraction measurements confirmed that KBa₂I₅ has a monoclinic structure (P2₁/c) and that K₂BaI₄ has a rhombohedral structure (R3c). Differential scanning calorimetry showed singular melting and crystallization points, making these compounds viable candidates for melt growth. We grew 13 mm diameter single crystals of KBa₂I₅:Eu²⁺ and K₂BaI₄:Eu2+ in evacuated quartz ampoules via the vertical Bridgman technique. The optimal Eu²⁺ concentration was 4% for KBa₂I₅ and 7% for K₂BaI₄. The X-ray excited emissions at 444 nm for KBa₂I₅:Eu 4% and 448 nm for K₂BaI₄:Eu 7% arise from the 5d-4f radiative transition in Eu²⁺. KBa₂I₅:Eu 4% has a light yield of 90,000 photons/MeV, with an energy resolution of 2.4% and K₂BaI₄:Eu 7% has a light yield of 63,000 ph/MeV, with an energy resolution of 2.9% at 662 keV. Both crystals have an excellent proportional response to a wide range of gamma-ray energies.

Authors:

Stand, L. ^[1]; Zhuravleva, M. ^[2]; Chakoumakos, Bryan C. ^[3]; Johnson, J. ^[1]; Lindsey, Adam ^[1]; Melcher, Charles L. ^[2]

Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States). Scintillation Materials Research Center
Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Publication Date:: Fri Sep 25 00:00:00 EDT 2015

Research Org.:: Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

OSTI Identifier:: 1286894

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1396526

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Journal of Luminescence

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 169; Journal ID: ISSN 0022-2313

Publisher:: Elsevier

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; scintillator; crystal structure; x-ray diffraction; crystal growth

Citation Formats


                    Stand, L., Zhuravleva, M., Chakoumakos, Bryan C., Johnson, J., Lindsey, Adam, and Melcher, Charles L. Scintillation properties of Eu2+-doped KBa2I5 and K2BaI4.  United States: N. p., 2015. 
Web.  doi:10.1016/j.jlumin.2015.09.013.

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                    Stand, L., Zhuravleva, M., Chakoumakos, Bryan C., Johnson, J., Lindsey, Adam, & Melcher, Charles L. Scintillation properties of Eu2+-doped KBa2I5 and K2BaI4.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2015.09.013

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                    Stand, L., Zhuravleva, M., Chakoumakos, Bryan C., Johnson, J., Lindsey, Adam, and Melcher, Charles L. Fri .  
"Scintillation properties of Eu2+-doped KBa2I5 and K2BaI4".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2015.09.013.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1286894.

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@article{osti_1286894,

  title        = {Scintillation properties of Eu2+-doped KBa2I5 and K2BaI4},

  author       = {Stand, L. and Zhuravleva, M. and Chakoumakos, Bryan C. and Johnson, J. and Lindsey, Adam and Melcher, Charles L.},

  abstractNote = {We report two new ternary metal halide scintillators, KBa2I5 and K2BaI4, activated with divalent europium. Single crystal X-ray diffraction measurements confirmed that KBa2I5 has a monoclinic structure (P21/c) and that K2BaI4 has a rhombohedral structure (R3c). Differential scanning calorimetry showed singular melting and crystallization points, making these compounds viable candidates for melt growth. We grew 13 mm diameter single crystals of KBa2I5:Eu2+ and K2BaI4:Eu2+ in evacuated quartz ampoules via the vertical Bridgman technique. The optimal Eu2+ concentration was 4% for KBa2I5 and 7% for K2BaI4. The X-ray excited emissions at 444 nm for KBa2I5:Eu 4% and 448 nm for K2BaI4:Eu 7% arise from the 5d-4f radiative transition in Eu2+. KBa2I5:Eu 4% has a light yield of 90,000 photons/MeV, with an energy resolution of 2.4% and K2BaI4:Eu 7% has a light yield of 63,000 ph/MeV, with an energy resolution of 2.9% at 662 keV. Both crystals have an excellent proportional response to a wide range of gamma-ray energies.},

  doi          = {10.1016/j.jlumin.2015.09.013},

  journal      = {Journal of Luminescence},

  number       = ,

  volume       = 169,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Fri Sep 25 00:00:00 EDT 2015},

  month        = {Fri Sep 25 00:00:00 EDT 2015}

}

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Works referencing / citing this record:

Inorganic, Organic, and Perovskite Halides with Nanotechnology for High–Light Yield X- and γ-ray Scintillators
journal, February 2019

Maddalena, Francesco; Tjahjana, Liliana; Xie, Aozhen
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Data-enabled structure–property mappings for lanthanide-activated inorganic scintillators
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Pilania, G.; Liu, Xiang-Yang; Wang, Zhehui
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Title: Scintillation properties of Eu2+-doped KBa2I5 and K2BaI4

Abstract

Citation Formats

Inorganic scintillators in medical imaging detectors journal, August 2003

Eu2+-doped Ba2CsI5, a new high-performance scintillator journal, December 2009

BaBrI:Eu2+, a new bright scintillator journal, January 2010

Optical properties and defect structure of Sr2+ co-doped LaBr3:5%Ce scintillation crystals journal, January 2014

Advances in scintillators for medical imaging applications conference, September 2014

Growth and characterization of potassium strontium iodide: A new high light yield scintillator with 2.4% energy resolution journal, April 2015

Scintillation properties of CsBa2Br5:Eu2+ journal, October 2011

Structure and scintillation of Eu2+-activated BaBrCl and solid solutions in the BaCl2–BaBr2 system journal, June 2013

Tern�re Bromide und Iodide zweiwertiger Lanthanide und ihre Erdalkali-Analoga vom Typ AMX3 und AM2X5 journal, May 1996

A short history of SHELX journal, December 2007

WinGX and ORTEP for Windows : an update journal, July 2012

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Measurement of the Time Dependence of Scintillation Intensity by a Delayed‐Coincidence Method journal, September 1961

Energy resolution of some new inorganic-scintillator gamma-ray detectors journal, October 2001

Effects of packaging SrI2(Eu) scintillator crystals journal, October 2011

Promising Alkaline Earth Halide Scintillators for Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy journal, April 2013

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Luminescence of Eu2+ in some iodides journal, November 2009

Luminescence of some Eu2+ activated bromides journal, September 2009

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Scintillation and Optical Properties of ${\rm BaBrI}\!:\!{\rm Eu}^{2+}$ and ${\rm CsBa}_{2}{\rm I}_{5}\!:\!{\rm Eu}^{2+}$ journal, December 2011

Fundamental Limitations in the Performance of ${\rm Ce}^{3+}$–, ${\rm Pr}^{3+}$–, and ${\rm Eu}^{2+}$–Activated Scintillators journal, June 2010

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Title: Scintillation properties of Eu²⁺-doped KBa₂I₅ and K₂BaI₄

Inorganic scintillators in medical imaging detectors
journal, August 2003

Eu²⁺-doped Ba₂CsI₅, a new high-performance scintillator
journal, December 2009

BaBrI:Eu²⁺, a new bright scintillator
journal, January 2010

Optical properties and defect structure of Sr2+ co-doped LaBr3:5%Ce scintillation crystals
journal, January 2014

Advances in scintillators for medical imaging applications
conference, September 2014

Growth and characterization of potassium strontium iodide: A new high light yield scintillator with 2.4% energy resolution
journal, April 2015

Scintillation properties of CsBa2Br5:Eu2+
journal, October 2011

Structure and scintillation of Eu2+-activated BaBrCl and solid solutions in the BaCl2–BaBr2 system
journal, June 2013

Tern�re Bromide und Iodide zweiwertiger Lanthanide und ihre Erdalkali-Analoga vom Typ AMX3 und AM2X5
journal, May 1996

A short history of SHELX
journal, December 2007

WinGX and ORTEP for Windows : an update
journal, July 2012

Automated determination of the extinction symbol via electron diffraction data
journal, March 2012

VESTA : a three-dimensional visualization system for electronic and structural analysis
journal, May 2008

Measurement of the Time Dependence of Scintillation Intensity by a Delayed‐Coincidence Method
journal, September 1961

Energy resolution of some new inorganic-scintillator gamma-ray detectors
journal, October 2001

Effects of packaging SrI2(Eu) scintillator crystals
journal, October 2011

Promising Alkaline Earth Halide Scintillators for Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy
journal, April 2013

Microscale luminescence imaging of defects, inhomogeneities, and secondary phases in halide scintillators
journal, June 2015

Luminescence of Eu2+ in some iodides
journal, November 2009

Luminescence of some Eu²⁺ activated bromides
journal, September 2009

Concentration Effects in Eu Doped SrI$_{2}$
journal, June 2010

Scintillation and Optical Properties of ${\rm BaBrI}\!:\!{\rm Eu}^{2+}$ and ${\rm CsBa}_{2}{\rm I}_{5}\!:\!{\rm Eu}^{2+}$
journal, December 2011

Fundamental Limitations in the Performance of ${\rm Ce}^{3+}$–, ${\rm Pr}^{3+}$–, and ${\rm Eu}^{2+}$–Activated Scintillators
journal, June 2010

Optical and scintillation properties of CsBa2I5:Eu2+
journal, January 2014

Inorganic, Organic, and Perovskite Halides with Nanotechnology for High–Light Yield X- and γ-ray Scintillators
journal, February 2019

Data-enabled structure–property mappings for lanthanide-activated inorganic scintillators
journal, February 2019