Differences in chemical doping matter: Superconductivity in Ti1-xTaxSe2 but not in Ti1-xNbxSe2

Luo, Huixia; Zhu, Yimei; Xie, Weiwei; Tao, Jing; Pletikosic, Ivo; Valla, Tonica; Sahasrabudhe, Girija S.; Osterhoudt, Gavin; Sutton, Eric; Burch, Kenneth S.; Seibel, Elizabeth M.; Krizan, Jason W.; Cava, Robert J.

doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b00288

Title: Differences in chemical doping matter: Superconductivity in Ti_1-xTa_xSe₂ but not in Ti_1-xNb_xSe₂

Abstract

We report that 1T-TiSe₂, an archetypical layered transition metal dichalcogenide, becomes superconducting when Ta is substituted for Ti but not when Nb is substituted for Ti. This is unexpected because Nb and Ta should be chemically equivalent electron donors. Superconductivity emerges near x = 0.02 for Ti_1–xTa_xSe₂, while, for Ti_1–xNb_xSe₂, no superconducting transitions are observed above 0.4 K. The equivalent chemical nature of the dopants is confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. ARPES and Raman scattering studies show similarities and differences between the two systems, but the fundamental reasons why the Nb and Ta dopants yield such different behavior are unknown. We present a comparison of the electronic phase diagrams of many electron-doped 1T-TiSe₂ systems, showing that they behave quite differently, which may have broad implications in the search for new superconductors. Here, we propose that superconducting Ti_0.8Ta_0.2Se₂ will be suitable for devices and other studies based on exfoliated crystal flakes.

Authors:

Luo, Huixia ^[1]; Zhu, Yimei ^[2]; Xie, Weiwei ^[1]; Tao, Jing ^[2]; Pletikosic, Ivo ^[3]; Valla, Tonica ^[2]; Sahasrabudhe, Girija S. ^[1]; Osterhoudt, Gavin ^[4]; Sutton, Eric ^[4]; Burch, Kenneth S. ^[4]; Seibel, Elizabeth M. ^[1]; Krizan, Jason W. ^[1]; Cava, Robert J. ^[1]

Princeton Univ., Princeton, NJ (United States)
Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Princeton Univ., Princeton, NJ (United States)
Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA (United States)

Publication Date:: Sun Feb 21 00:00:00 EST 2016

Research Org.:: Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

OSTI Identifier:: 1263907

Report Number(s):: BNL-112258-2016-JA
Journal ID: ISSN 0897-4756; R&D Project: MA015MACA; PO016; KC0201010; KC0202020

Grant/Contract Number:: SC00112704

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Chemistry of Materials

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 28; Journal Issue: 6; Journal ID: ISSN 0897-4756

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY

Citation Formats


                    Luo, Huixia, Zhu, Yimei, Xie, Weiwei, Tao, Jing, Pletikosic, Ivo, Valla, Tonica, Sahasrabudhe, Girija S., Osterhoudt, Gavin, Sutton, Eric, Burch, Kenneth S., Seibel, Elizabeth M., Krizan, Jason W., and Cava, Robert J. Differences in chemical doping matter: Superconductivity in Ti1-xTaxSe2 but not in Ti1-xNbxSe2.  United States: N. p., 2016. 
Web.  doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b00288.

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                    Luo, Huixia, Zhu, Yimei, Xie, Weiwei, Tao, Jing, Pletikosic, Ivo, Valla, Tonica, Sahasrabudhe, Girija S., Osterhoudt, Gavin, Sutton, Eric, Burch, Kenneth S., Seibel, Elizabeth M., Krizan, Jason W., & Cava, Robert J. Differences in chemical doping matter: Superconductivity in Ti1-xTaxSe2 but not in Ti1-xNbxSe2.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b00288

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                    Luo, Huixia, Zhu, Yimei, Xie, Weiwei, Tao, Jing, Pletikosic, Ivo, Valla, Tonica, Sahasrabudhe, Girija S., Osterhoudt, Gavin, Sutton, Eric, Burch, Kenneth S., Seibel, Elizabeth M., Krizan, Jason W., and Cava, Robert J. Sun .  
"Differences in chemical doping matter: Superconductivity in Ti1-xTaxSe2 but not in Ti1-xNbxSe2".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b00288.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1263907.

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@article{osti_1263907,

  title        = {Differences in chemical doping matter: Superconductivity in Ti1-xTaxSe2 but not in Ti1-xNbxSe2},

  author       = {Luo, Huixia and Zhu, Yimei and Xie, Weiwei and Tao, Jing and Pletikosic, Ivo and Valla, Tonica and Sahasrabudhe, Girija S. and Osterhoudt, Gavin and Sutton, Eric and Burch, Kenneth S. and Seibel, Elizabeth M. and Krizan, Jason W. and Cava, Robert J.},

  abstractNote = {We report that 1T-TiSe2, an archetypical layered transition metal dichalcogenide, becomes superconducting when Ta is substituted for Ti but not when Nb is substituted for Ti. This is unexpected because Nb and Ta should be chemically equivalent electron donors. Superconductivity emerges near x = 0.02 for Ti1–xTaxSe2, while, for Ti1–xNbxSe2, no superconducting transitions are observed above 0.4 K. The equivalent chemical nature of the dopants is confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. ARPES and Raman scattering studies show similarities and differences between the two systems, but the fundamental reasons why the Nb and Ta dopants yield such different behavior are unknown. We present a comparison of the electronic phase diagrams of many electron-doped 1T-TiSe2 systems, showing that they behave quite differently, which may have broad implications in the search for new superconductors. Here, we propose that superconducting Ti0.8Ta0.2Se2 will be suitable for devices and other studies based on exfoliated crystal flakes.},

  doi          = {10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b00288},

  journal      = {Chemistry of Materials},

  number       = 6,

  volume       = 28,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Sun Feb 21 00:00:00 EST 2016},

  month        = {Sun Feb 21 00:00:00 EST 2016}

}

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Title: Differences in chemical doping matter: Superconductivity in Ti1-xTaxSe2 but not in Ti1-xNbxSe2

Abstract

Citation Formats

The structure of the incommensurate superlattices of 2H–TaSe 2 journal, April 1981

Quantum phase transition from triangular to stripe charge order in NbSe2 journal, January 2013

Nb–Nb Interactions Define the Charge Density Wave Structure of 2H-NbSe 2 journal, January 2013

Structural and electrical properties of layered transition metal selenides VxTi1-xSe2and TaxTi1-xSe2 journal, February 1979

Giant bandgap renormalization and excitonic effects in a monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide semiconductor journal, August 2014

Flexible n-type thermoelectric materials by organic intercalation of layered transition metal dichalcogenide TiS2 journal, April 2015

Large, non-saturating magnetoresistance in WTe2 journal, September 2014

Polytypism, polymorphism, and superconductivity in TaSe 2 −x Te x journal, March 2015

Superconductivity in the layered compound 2H-TaS2 journal, October 1992

Competition of superconductivity and charge density wave order in Na x TaS 2 single crystals journal, January 2005

Tuning the charge density wave and superconductivity in Cu x TaS 2 journal, September 2008

Superconductivity in CuxTiSe2 journal, July 2006

Pressure Induced Superconductivity in Pristine 1 T − TiSe 2 journal, November 2009

Emergence of charge density wave domain walls above the superconducting dome in 1T-TiSe2 journal, April 2014

From Mott state to superconductivity in 1T-TaS2 journal, November 2008

Competition between superconductivity and charge-density-wave ordering in the Lu 5 Ir 4 ( Si 1 − x Ge x ) 10 alloy system journal, July 2005

Superconducting Dome in a Gate-Tuned Band Insulator journal, November 2012

Electronic properties and superlattice formation in the semimetal TiSe 2 journal, November 1976

Experimental band structure of 1T - TiSe 2 in the normal and charge-density-wave phases journal, June 1985

Electronic structure and optical properties of layered dichalcogenides: Ti S 2 and Ti Se 2 journal, January 1974

Concerning the semimetallic characters of TiS2 and TiSe2 journal, June 1977

Electron-Hole Coupling and the Charge Density Wave Transition in TiSe 2 journal, May 2002

Multiple electronic transitions and superconductivity in Pd x TiSe 2 journal, March 2010

Effects of Co substitution on thermodynamic and transport properties and anisotropic H c 2 in Ba ( Fe 1 − x Co x ) 2 As 2 single crystals journal, December 2008

Temperature versus doping phase diagrams for Ba ( Fe 1 − x TM x ) 2 As 2 ( TM = Ni , Cu , Cu / Co ) single crystals journal, July 2010

Phase diagrams of Ba ( Fe 1 − x M x ) 2 As 2 single crystals ( M = Rh and Pd) journal, July 2009

Differential Charging in X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy: A Nuisance or a Useful Tool? journal, December 2003

Evolution of the Electronic Structure of 1 T − Cu x TiSe 2 journal, October 2007

Comparative analysis of electrophysical properties of ceramic tantalum pentoxide coatings, deposited by electron beam evaporation and magnetron sputtering methods journal, December 2014

The Electrochromic Process at Nb 2 O 5 Electrodes Prepared by Thermal Oxidation of Niobium journal, January 1990

Cr-Doped TiSe 2 – A Layered Dichalcogenide Spin Glass journal, September 2015

Conduction in non-crystalline materials: III. Localized states in a pseudogap and near extremities of conduction and valence bands journal, April 1969

Quantum and Classical Mode Softening Near the Charge-Density-Wave–Superconductor Transition of Cu x TiSe 2 journal, March 2008

Infrared properties of the semimetal Ti Se 2 journal, September 1978

Excitonic Phases journal, August 1967

Superconductivity in the Cu(Ir 1 − x Pt x ) 2 Se 4 spinel journal, June 2013

Probing the exciton condensate phase in 1 T -TiSe 2 with photoemission journal, December 2010

Collapse of long-range charge order tracked by time-resolved photoemission at high momenta journal, March 2011

Charge-order-maximized momentum-dependent superconductivity journal, August 2007

Emergence of Fermi Pockets in a New Excitonic Charge-Density-Wave Melted Superconductor journal, March 2007

Raman studies of lattice dynamics in 1T-TiSe2 journal, August 1980

Multiphonon relaxation of rare-earth ions in oxide glasses journal, July 1977

Raman spectra of several layer compounds with charge density waves journal, June 1976

NbSeTe—a new layered transition metal dichalcogenide superconductor journal, October 2019

Configurational electronic states in layered transition metal dichalcogenides journal, August 2019

Light emission from the layered metal 2H-TaSe2 and its potential applications journal, July 2019

Transport properties of a few nanometer-thick TiSe 2 films grown by molecular-beam epitaxy journal, August 2018

Revealing the Nature of Bonding in Rare-Earth Transition-Metal Tellurides by Means of Methods Based on First Principles: Revealing the Nature of Bonding in Rare-Earth Transition-Metal Tellurides by Means of Methods Based on First Principles journal, July 2017

On the origin of the anomalous peak in the resistivity of TiSe 2 journal, May 2019

Superconductivity in Ru-doped CuI r 2 T e 4 telluride chalcogenide journal, November 2019

Formation of a superstructure in 1 T -TiSe 2 induced at room temperature by electron beam irradiation journal, July 2018

NbSeTe -A New Layered Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Superconductor text, January 2019

Direct Synthesis of Large-Scale Multilayer TaSe2 on SiO2/Si Using Ion Beam Technology journal, October 2019

Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy for the study of two-dimensional materials journal, March 2017

Title: Differences in chemical doping matter: Superconductivity in Ti_1-xTa_xSe₂ but not in Ti_1-xNb_xSe₂

The structure of the incommensurate superlattices of 2H–TaSe ₂
journal, April 1981

Quantum phase transition from triangular to stripe charge order in NbSe2
journal, January 2013

Nb–Nb Interactions Define the Charge Density Wave Structure of 2H-NbSe ₂
journal, January 2013

Structural and electrical properties of layered transition metal selenides V_xTi_1-xSe₂and Ta_xTi_1-xSe₂
journal, February 1979

Giant bandgap renormalization and excitonic effects in a monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide semiconductor
journal, August 2014

Flexible n-type thermoelectric materials by organic intercalation of layered transition metal dichalcogenide TiS2
journal, April 2015

Large, non-saturating magnetoresistance in WTe2
journal, September 2014

Polytypism, polymorphism, and superconductivity in TaSe ₂ _−x Te _x
journal, March 2015

Superconductivity in the layered compound 2H-TaS2
journal, October 1992

Competition of superconductivity and charge density wave order in Na _x TaS ₂ single crystals
journal, January 2005

Tuning the charge density wave and superconductivity in ${Cu}_{x} {TaS}_{2}$
journal, September 2008

Superconductivity in CuxTiSe2
journal, July 2006

Pressure Induced Superconductivity in Pristine $1 T − {TiSe}_{2}$
journal, November 2009

Emergence of charge density wave domain walls above the superconducting dome in 1T-TiSe2
journal, April 2014

From Mott state to superconductivity in 1T-TaS2
journal, November 2008

Competition between superconductivity and charge-density-wave ordering in the ${Lu}_{5} {Ir}_{4} {({Si}_{1 - x} {Ge}_{x})}_{10}$ alloy system
journal, July 2005

Superconducting Dome in a Gate-Tuned Band Insulator
journal, November 2012

Electronic properties and superlattice formation in the semimetal ${TiSe}_{2}$
journal, November 1976

Experimental band structure of 1T - ${TiSe}_{2}$ in the normal and charge-density-wave phases
journal, June 1985

Electronic structure and optical properties of layered dichalcogenides: Ti $S_{2}$ and Ti ${Se}_{2}$
journal, January 1974

Concerning the semimetallic characters of TiS2 and TiSe2
journal, June 1977

Electron-Hole Coupling and the Charge Density Wave Transition in ${TiSe}_{2}$
journal, May 2002

Multiple electronic transitions and superconductivity in ${Pd}_{x} {TiSe}_{2}$
journal, March 2010

Effects of Co substitution on thermodynamic and transport properties and anisotropic $H_{c 2}$ in $Ba {({Fe}_{1 - x} {Co}_{x})}_{2} {As}_{2}$ single crystals
journal, December 2008

Temperature versus doping phase diagrams for $Ba {({Fe}_{1 - x} {TM}_{x})}_{2} {As}_{2} (TM = Ni, Cu, Cu / Co)$ single crystals
journal, July 2010

Phase diagrams of $Ba {({Fe}_{1 - x} M_{x})}_{2} {As}_{2}$ single crystals ( $M = Rh$ and Pd)
journal, July 2009

Differential Charging in X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy: A Nuisance or a Useful Tool?
journal, December 2003

Evolution of the Electronic Structure of $1 T − {Cu}_{x} {TiSe}_{2}$
journal, October 2007

Comparative analysis of electrophysical properties of ceramic tantalum pentoxide coatings, deposited by electron beam evaporation and magnetron sputtering methods
journal, December 2014

The Electrochromic Process at Nb ₂ O ₅ Electrodes Prepared by Thermal Oxidation of Niobium
journal, January 1990

Cr-Doped TiSe ₂ – A Layered Dichalcogenide Spin Glass
journal, September 2015

Conduction in non-crystalline materials: III. Localized states in a pseudogap and near extremities of conduction and valence bands
journal, April 1969

Quantum and Classical Mode Softening Near the Charge-Density-Wave–Superconductor Transition of ${Cu}_{x} {TiSe}_{2}$
journal, March 2008

Infrared properties of the semimetal Ti ${Se}_{2}$
journal, September 1978

Excitonic Phases
journal, August 1967

Superconductivity in the Cu(Ir $_{1 - x}$ Pt $_{x}$ ) $_{2}$ Se $_{4}$ spinel
journal, June 2013

Probing the exciton condensate phase in 1 T -TiSe ₂ with photoemission
journal, December 2010

Collapse of long-range charge order tracked by time-resolved photoemission at high momenta
journal, March 2011

Charge-order-maximized momentum-dependent superconductivity
journal, August 2007

Emergence of Fermi Pockets in a New Excitonic Charge-Density-Wave Melted Superconductor
journal, March 2007

Raman studies of lattice dynamics in 1T-TiSe2
journal, August 1980

Multiphonon relaxation of rare-earth ions in oxide glasses
journal, July 1977

Raman spectra of several layer compounds with charge density waves
journal, June 1976

NbSeTe—a new layered transition metal dichalcogenide superconductor
journal, October 2019

Configurational electronic states in layered transition metal dichalcogenides
journal, August 2019

Light emission from the layered metal 2H-TaSe2 and its potential applications
journal, July 2019

Transport properties of a few nanometer-thick TiSe ₂ films grown by molecular-beam epitaxy
journal, August 2018

Revealing the Nature of Bonding in Rare-Earth Transition-Metal Tellurides by Means of Methods Based on First Principles: Revealing the Nature of Bonding in Rare-Earth Transition-Metal Tellurides by Means of Methods Based on First Principles
journal, July 2017

On the origin of the anomalous peak in the resistivity of ${TiSe}_{2}$
journal, May 2019

Superconductivity in Ru-doped $CuI r_{2} T e_{4}$ telluride chalcogenide
journal, November 2019

Formation of a superstructure in 1 T -TiSe ₂ induced at room temperature by electron beam irradiation
journal, July 2018

NbSeTe -A New Layered Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Superconductor
text, January 2019

Direct Synthesis of Large-Scale Multilayer TaSe₂ on SiO₂/Si Using Ion Beam Technology
journal, October 2019

Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy for the study of two-dimensional materials
journal, March 2017