Compositional inhomogeneityand segregation in (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 ceramics

Chen, Kepi; Tang, Jing; Chen, Yan

doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.03.096

Title: Compositional inhomogeneityand segregation in (K_0.5Na_0.5)NbO₃ ceramics

Abstract

The effects of the calcination temperature of (K_0.5Na_0.5)NbO₃ (KNN) powder on the sintering and piezoelectric properties of KNN ceramics have been investigated in this report. KNN powders are synthesized via the solid-state approach. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction characterizations indicate that the incomplete reaction at 700 °C and 750 °C calcination results in the compositional inhomogeneity of the K-rich and Na-rich phases while the orthorhombic single phase is obtained after calcination at 900 °C. During the sintering, the presence of the liquid K-rich phase due to the lower melting point has a significant impact on the densification, the abnormal grain growth and the deteriorated piezoelectric properties. From the standpoint of piezoelectric properties, the optimal calcination temperature obtained for KNN ceramics calcined at this temperature is determined to be 800 °C, with piezoelectric constant d₃₃=128.3 pC/N, planar electromechanical coupling coefficient k_p=32.2%, mechanical quality factor Q_m=88, and dielectric loss tan δ=2.1%.

Authors:

Chen, Kepi ^[1]; Tang, Jing ^[1]; Chen, Yan ^[2]

North China Electric Power Univ., Beijing (China)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Publication Date:: Fri Mar 11 00:00:00 EST 2016

Research Org.:: Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

OSTI Identifier:: 1261357

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1323960

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Ceramics International

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 42; Journal Issue: 8; Journal ID: ISSN 0272-8842

Publisher:: Elsevier

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; Lead-free piezoelectric; Compositional inhomogeneity; Compositional segregation; Liquid phase sintering; Potassium–sodium niobate; Calcination temperature

Citation Formats


                    Chen, Kepi, Tang, Jing, and Chen, Yan. Compositional inhomogeneityand segregation in (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 ceramics.  United States: N. p., 2016. 
Web.  doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.03.096.

Copy to clipboard


                    Chen, Kepi, Tang, Jing, & Chen, Yan. Compositional inhomogeneityand segregation in (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 ceramics.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.03.096

Copy to clipboard


                    Chen, Kepi, Tang, Jing, and Chen, Yan. Fri .  
"Compositional inhomogeneityand segregation in (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 ceramics".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.03.096.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1261357.

Copy to clipboard


                    
@article{osti_1261357,

  title        = {Compositional inhomogeneityand segregation in (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 ceramics},

  author       = {Chen, Kepi and Tang, Jing and Chen, Yan},

  abstractNote = {The effects of the calcination temperature of (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 (KNN) powder on the sintering and piezoelectric properties of KNN ceramics have been investigated in this report. KNN powders are synthesized via the solid-state approach. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction characterizations indicate that the incomplete reaction at 700 °C and 750 °C calcination results in the compositional inhomogeneity of the K-rich and Na-rich phases while the orthorhombic single phase is obtained after calcination at 900 °C. During the sintering, the presence of the liquid K-rich phase due to the lower melting point has a significant impact on the densification, the abnormal grain growth and the deteriorated piezoelectric properties. From the standpoint of piezoelectric properties, the optimal calcination temperature obtained for KNN ceramics calcined at this temperature is determined to be 800 °C, with piezoelectric constant d33=128.3 pC/N, planar electromechanical coupling coefficient kp=32.2%, mechanical quality factor Qm=88, and dielectric loss tan δ=2.1%.},

  doi          = {10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.03.096},

  journal      = {Ceramics International},

  number       = 8,

  volume       = 42,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Fri Mar 11 00:00:00 EST 2016},

  month        = {Fri Mar 11 00:00:00 EST 2016}

}

Copy to clipboard

Journal Article:

Free Publicly Available Full Text

Accepted Manuscript (Publisher)

Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Publisher's Version of Record

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.03.096

Other availability

Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 6 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

Save / Share:

Export Metadata

Save to My Library

Works referenced in this record:

Lead-free piezoceramics
journal, October 2004

Saito, Yasuyoshi; Takao, Hisaaki; Tani, Toshihiko
Nature, Vol. 432, Issue 7013
DOI: 10.1038/nature03028

Lead-free piezoelectric ceramics: Alternatives for PZT?
journal, February 2007

Shrout, Thomas R.; Zhang, Shujun J.
Journal of Electroceramics, Vol. 19, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1007/s10832-007-9047-0

Review: environmental friendly lead-free piezoelectric materials
journal, October 2009

Panda, P. K.
Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 44, Issue 19
DOI: 10.1007/s10853-009-3643-0

Perspective on the Development of Lead-free Piezoceramics
journal, June 2009

Rödel, Jürgen; Jo, Wook; Seifert, Klaus T. P.
Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 92, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2009.03061.x

(K,Na)NbO ₃ -Based Lead-Free Piezoceramics: Fundamental Aspects, Processing Technologies, and Remaining Challenges
journal, November 2013

Li, Jing-Feng; Wang, Ke; Zhu, Fang-Yuan
Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 96, Issue 12
DOI: 10.1111/jace.12715

Potassium–Sodium Niobate Lead-Free Piezoelectric Materials: Past, Present, and Future of Phase Boundaries
journal, March 2015

Wu, Jiagang; Xiao, Dingquan; Zhu, Jianguo
Chemical Reviews, Vol. 115, Issue 7
DOI: 10.1021/cr5006809

Direct preparation of K0.5Na0.5NbO3 powders
journal, November 2010

Jiang, Heng; Su, Ting Ting; Gong, Hong
Crystal Research and Technology, Vol. 46, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1002/crat.201000501

Preparation of Phase-Pure K _0.5 Na _0.5 NbO ₃ Fine Powders by a Solid-State Reaction at 625°C from a Precursor Comprising Nb ₂ O ₅ and K,Na Acetates
journal, December 2013

Senna, Mamoru; Pavlic, Jernej; Rojac, Tadej
Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 97, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1111/jace.12727

Effect of Calcination Conditions and Excess Alkali Carbonate on the Phase Formation and Particle Morphology of Na _0.5 K _0.5 NbO ₃ Powders
journal, May 2007

Bomlai, Pornsuda; Wichianrat, Pattraporn; Muensit, Supasarute
Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 90, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2007.01629.x

Influence of Alkaline and Niobium Excess on Sintering and Microstructure of Sodium-Potassium Niobate (K _0.5 Na _0.5 )NbO ₃
journal, February 2010

Acker, Jérôme; Kungl, Hans; Hoffmann, Michael J.
Journal of the American Ceramic Society
DOI: 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2010.03578.x

Modified hydrothermal synthesis and structural characterization of monoclinic (K Na1−)NbO3 (0.05≤x≤0.15) rods
journal, August 2015

Zhang, Deqing; Shi, Feng; Cheng, Junye
Ceramics International, Vol. 41, Issue 7
DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2015.03.113

Synthesis of (K, Na) (Nb, Ta)O3 lead-free piezoelectric ceramic powders by high temperature mixing method under hydrothermal conditions
journal, April 2012

Gu, Honghui; Zhu, Kongjun; Pang, Xuming
Ceramics International, Vol. 38, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2011.10.003

Fast synthesis of NaNbO3 and K0.5Na0.5NbO3 by microwave hydrothermal method
journal, November 2014

López-Juárez, Rigoberto; Castañeda-Guzmán, R.; Villafuerte-Castrejón, M. E.
Ceramics International, Vol. 40, Issue 9
DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2014.06.065

Study on synthesis and evolution of sodium potassium niobate ceramic powders by an oxalic acid-based sol–gel method
journal, September 2010

Zhang, De-Qing; Qin, Zi-Cheng; Yang, Xiu-Ying
Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, Vol. 57, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1007/s10971-010-2320-8

Synthesis of potassium sodium niobate powders using an EDTA/citrate complexing sol–gel method
journal, December 2012

Cao, Yang; Zhu, Kongjun; Zheng, Hongjuan
Particuology, Vol. 10, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2012.03.007

A facile sol–gel approach to synthesize KNN nanoparticles at low temperature
journal, November 2013

Khorrami, Gh. H.; Kompany, A.; Khorsand Zak, A.
Materials Letters, Vol. 110
DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2013.07.115

Synthesis of nano-crystalline potassium sodium niobate ceramic using mechanochemical activation
journal, August 2014

Singh, Rajan; Patro, Pankaj K.; Kulkarni, A. R.
Ceramics International, Vol. 40, Issue 7
DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2014.03.047

Synthesis of Sodium Potassium Niobate: A Diffusion Couples Study
journal, June 2008

Malic, Barbara; Jenko, Darja; Holc, Janez
Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 91, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02376.x

Narrow sintering temperature window for (K, Na)NbO ₃ -based lead-free piezoceramics caused by compositional segregation: Narrow sintering temperature window for (K, Na)NbO ₃ -based lead-free piezoceramics
journal, January 2011

Fang, Jian; Wang, Xiaohui; Zuo, Ruzhong
physica status solidi (a), Vol. 208, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1002/pssa.201026500

Abnormal Grain Growth and New Core–Shell Structure in (K,Na)NbO ₃ -Based Lead-Free Piezoelectric Ceramics
journal, November 2007

Zhen, Yuhua; Li, Jing-Feng
Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 90, Issue 11
DOI: 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2007.01977.x

Sintering Behavior of Lead-Free (K,Na)NbO ₃ -BasedPiezoelectric Ceramics
journal, September 2009

Ahn, Cheol-Woo; Park, Chee-Sung; Choi, Chang-Hak
Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 92, Issue 9
DOI: 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2009.03167.x

Sintering Effect on Microstructure and Properties of (K,Na)NbO3 Ceramics
journal, September 2011

Zhang, Shujun; Lee, Hyeong Jae; Ma, Cheng
Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 94, Issue 11
DOI: 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2011.04833.x

Effect of poling condition on piezoelectric properties of (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 ceramics
journal, June 2006

Du, Hong-liang; Tang, Fu-sheng; Li, Zhi-min
Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, Vol. 16
DOI: 10.1016/S1003-6326(06)60234-3

Effects of Poling Process on KNN-Modified Piezoceramic Properties
journal, February 2010

Rubio-Marcos, F.; Romero, Juan J.; Ochoa, Diego A.
Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 93, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2009.03404.x

Works referencing / citing this record:

Effect of chemical inhomogeneity on domains and ferroelectric properties of Fe‐modified 0.77Bi _0.5 Na _0.5 TiO ₃ –0.23SrTiO ₃
journal, May 2018

Cho, Jeong‐Ho; Jeong, Seung‐Jae; Kim, Sung‐Won
Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 101, Issue 10
DOI: 10.1111/jace.15731

Harnessing low frequency-based energy using a K _0.5 Na _0.5 NbO ₃ (KNN) pigmented piezoelectric paint system
journal, January 2017

Purusothaman, Yuvasree; Alluri, Nagamalleswara Rao; Chandrasekhar, Arunkumar
Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 5, Issue 22
DOI: 10.1039/c7tc00846e

Similar Records in DOE PAGES and OSTI.GOV collections:

Structural and electrical properties of 1 − x(Na{sub 0.5}K{sub 0.5})NbO{sub 3}–x(Sr{sub 0.5}Ca{sub 0.5})TiO{sub 3} ceramics

Journal Article Lee, Tae-Ho ; Lee, Sung-Gap ; Yeo, Jin-Ho ; ... - Materials Research Bulletin

Highlights: • We fabricated lead-free (Na{sub 0.5}K{sub 0.5})NbO{sub 3} ceramics. • We studied the structural and electrical properties of 1 − x(Na{sub 0.5}K{sub 0.5})NbO{sub 3}–x(Sr{sub 0.5}Ca{sub 0.5})TiO{sub 3} ceramics. • The structural and electrical properties improved with increasing amount of (Sr{sub 0.5}Ca{sub 0.5})TiO{sub 3}. - Abstract: In this study, 1 − x(Na{sub 0.5}K{sub 0.5})NbO{sub 3}–x(Sr{sub 0.5}Ca{sub 0.5})TiO{sub 3} ceramics were fabricated using the conventional mixed oxide method. The effects of the addition of (Sr{sub 0.5}Ca{sub 0.5})TiO{sub 3} on the structural and electrical properties of the specimens were investigated for their application in piezoelectric devices. As the results of X-ray diffractionmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MATERRESBULL.2014.03.024
Bright reddish-orange emission and good piezoelectric properties of Sm{sub 2}O{sub 3}-modified (K{sub 0.5}Na{sub 0.5})NbO{sub 3}-based lead-free piezoelectric ceramics

Journal Article Hao, Jigong ; Xu, Zhijun ; Chu, Ruiqing ; ... - Journal of Applied Physics

Reddish orange-emitting 0.948(K{sub 0.5}Na{sub 0.5})NbO{sub 3}-0.052LiSbO{sub 3}-xmol%Sm{sub 2}O{sub 3} (KNN-5.2LS-xSm{sub 2}O{sub 3}) lead-free piezoelectric ceramics with good piezoelectric properties were fabricated in this study, and the photoluminescence and electrical properties of the ceramics were systematically studied. Results showed that Sm{sub 2}O{sub 3} substitution into KNN-5.2LS induces a phase transition from the coexistence of orthorhombic and tetragonal phases to a pseudocubic phase and shifts the polymorphic phase transition (PPT) to below room temperature. The temperature stability and fatigue resistance of the modified ceramics were significantly improved by Sm{sub 2}O{sub 3} substitution. The KNN-5.2LS ceramic with 0.4 mol. % Sm{sub 2}O{sub 3} exhibitedmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4921451
Structure and electrical properties of K{sub 0.5}Na{sub 0.5}NbO{sub 3}-LiSbO{sub 3} lead-free piezoelectric ceramics

Journal Article Lin, Dunmin ; Kwok, K W ; Lam, K H ; ... - Journal of Applied Physics

Lead-free piezoelectric ceramics (1-x)K{sub 0.5}Na{sub 0.5}NbO{sub 3}-xLiSbO{sub 3} have been fabricated by a conventional ceramic sintering technique. The results of x-ray diffraction suggest that Li{sup +} and Sb{sup 5+} diffuse into the K{sub 0.5}Na{sub 0.5}NbO{sub 3} lattices to form a solid solution with a perovskite structure. The ceramics can be well sintered at 1070-1110 degree sign C. The introduction of LiSbO{sub 3} into the Na{sub 0.5}K{sub 0.5}NbO{sub 3} solid solution decreases slightly the paraelectric cubic-ferroelectric tetragonal phase transition temperature (T{sub c}), but greatly shifts the ferroelectric tetragonal-ferroelectric orthorhombic phase transition (T{sub O-F}) to room temperature. Coexistence of the orthorhombic andmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2715486
Phase transitional behavior and piezoelectric properties of (Na{sub 0.5}K{sub 0.5})NbO{sub 3}-LiNbO{sub 3} ceramics

Journal Article Yiping, Guo ; Kakimoto, Ken-ichi ; Ohsato, Hitoshi - Applied Physics Letters

Lead-free piezoelectric ceramics (1-x)(Na{sub 0.5}K{sub 0.5})NbO{sub 3}-xLiNbO{sub 3} {l_brace}[Li{sub x}(Na{sub 0.5}K{sub 0.5}){sub 1-x}]NbO{sub 3}{r_brace} (x=0.04-0.20) have been synthesized by an ordinary sintering technique. The materials with perovskite structure is orthorhombic phase at x{<=}0.05 and becomes tetragonal phase at x{>=}0.07, a phase K{sub 3}Li{sub 2}Nb{sub 5}O{sub 15} with tetragonal tungsten bronze structure begins to appear at x=0.08 and becomes dominant with increasing the content of LiNbO{sub 3}. A morphotropic phase boundary between orthorhombic and tetragonal phases is found in the composition range 0.05<x<0.07. Analogous to Pb(Zr,Ti)O{sub 3}, the piezoelectric and electromechanical properties are enhanced for compositions near the morphotropic phase boundary.more »« less
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1813636
Microstructure and piezoelectric properties of 0.95(Na{sub 0.5}K{sub 0.5})NbO{sub 3}-0.05BaTiO{sub 3} ceramics

Journal Article Park, Hwi-Yeol ; Ahn, Cheol-Woo ; Song, Hyun-Cheol ; ... - Applied Physics Letters

For 0.95(Na{sub 0.5}K{sub 0.5})NbO{sub 3}-0.05BaTiO{sub 3} (0.95NKN-0.05BT) ceramics sintered at 1040-1075 deg. C, abnormal grain growth occurred but the grain size decreased when the sintering temperature exceeded 1075 deg. C. The dielectric constant ({epsilon}{sub 3}{sup T}/{epsilon}{sub 3}), electromechanical coupling factor (k{sub p}), and piezoelectric constant (d{sub 33}) were considerably increased with increasing relative density and grain size. Evaporation of Na{sub 2}O deteriorated the piezoelectric properties by decreasing the resistivity. To minimize Na{sub 2}O evaporation, specimens were muffled with 0.95NKN-0.05BT powders during the sintering. Improved piezoelectric properties of d{sub 33}=225 pC/N, k{sub p}=36%, and {epsilon}{sub 3}{sup T}/{epsilon}{sub 3}=1058 were obtained formore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2335816

Similar Records

Title: Compositional inhomogeneityand segregation in (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 ceramics

Abstract

Citation Formats

Lead-free piezoceramics journal, October 2004

Lead-free piezoelectric ceramics: Alternatives for PZT? journal, February 2007

Review: environmental friendly lead-free piezoelectric materials journal, October 2009

Perspective on the Development of Lead-free Piezoceramics journal, June 2009

(K,Na)NbO 3 -Based Lead-Free Piezoceramics: Fundamental Aspects, Processing Technologies, and Remaining Challenges journal, November 2013

Potassium–Sodium Niobate Lead-Free Piezoelectric Materials: Past, Present, and Future of Phase Boundaries journal, March 2015

Direct preparation of K0.5Na0.5NbO3 powders journal, November 2010

Preparation of Phase-Pure K 0.5 Na 0.5 NbO 3 Fine Powders by a Solid-State Reaction at 625°C from a Precursor Comprising Nb 2 O 5 and K,Na Acetates journal, December 2013

Effect of Calcination Conditions and Excess Alkali Carbonate on the Phase Formation and Particle Morphology of Na 0.5 K 0.5 NbO 3 Powders journal, May 2007

Influence of Alkaline and Niobium Excess on Sintering and Microstructure of Sodium-Potassium Niobate (K 0.5 Na 0.5 )NbO 3 journal, February 2010

Modified hydrothermal synthesis and structural characterization of monoclinic (K Na1−)NbO3 (0.05≤x≤0.15) rods journal, August 2015

Synthesis of (K, Na) (Nb, Ta)O3 lead-free piezoelectric ceramic powders by high temperature mixing method under hydrothermal conditions journal, April 2012

Fast synthesis of NaNbO3 and K0.5Na0.5NbO3 by microwave hydrothermal method journal, November 2014

Study on synthesis and evolution of sodium potassium niobate ceramic powders by an oxalic acid-based sol–gel method journal, September 2010

Synthesis of potassium sodium niobate powders using an EDTA/citrate complexing sol–gel method journal, December 2012

A facile sol–gel approach to synthesize KNN nanoparticles at low temperature journal, November 2013

Synthesis of nano-crystalline potassium sodium niobate ceramic using mechanochemical activation journal, August 2014

Synthesis of Sodium Potassium Niobate: A Diffusion Couples Study journal, June 2008

Narrow sintering temperature window for (K, Na)NbO 3 -based lead-free piezoceramics caused by compositional segregation: Narrow sintering temperature window for (K, Na)NbO 3 -based lead-free piezoceramics journal, January 2011

Abnormal Grain Growth and New Core–Shell Structure in (K,Na)NbO 3 -Based Lead-Free Piezoelectric Ceramics journal, November 2007

Sintering Behavior of Lead-Free (K,Na)NbO 3 -BasedPiezoelectric Ceramics journal, September 2009

Sintering Effect on Microstructure and Properties of (K,Na)NbO3 Ceramics journal, September 2011

Effect of poling condition on piezoelectric properties of (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 ceramics journal, June 2006

Effects of Poling Process on KNN-Modified Piezoceramic Properties journal, February 2010

Effect of chemical inhomogeneity on domains and ferroelectric properties of Fe‐modified 0.77Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 TiO 3 –0.23SrTiO 3 journal, May 2018

Harnessing low frequency-based energy using a K 0.5 Na 0.5 NbO 3 (KNN) pigmented piezoelectric paint system journal, January 2017

Title: Compositional inhomogeneityand segregation in (K_0.5Na_0.5)NbO₃ ceramics

Lead-free piezoceramics
journal, October 2004

Lead-free piezoelectric ceramics: Alternatives for PZT?
journal, February 2007

Review: environmental friendly lead-free piezoelectric materials
journal, October 2009

Perspective on the Development of Lead-free Piezoceramics
journal, June 2009

(K,Na)NbO ₃ -Based Lead-Free Piezoceramics: Fundamental Aspects, Processing Technologies, and Remaining Challenges
journal, November 2013

Potassium–Sodium Niobate Lead-Free Piezoelectric Materials: Past, Present, and Future of Phase Boundaries
journal, March 2015

Direct preparation of K0.5Na0.5NbO3 powders
journal, November 2010

Preparation of Phase-Pure K _0.5 Na _0.5 NbO ₃ Fine Powders by a Solid-State Reaction at 625°C from a Precursor Comprising Nb ₂ O ₅ and K,Na Acetates
journal, December 2013

Effect of Calcination Conditions and Excess Alkali Carbonate on the Phase Formation and Particle Morphology of Na _0.5 K _0.5 NbO ₃ Powders
journal, May 2007

Influence of Alkaline and Niobium Excess on Sintering and Microstructure of Sodium-Potassium Niobate (K _0.5 Na _0.5 )NbO ₃
journal, February 2010

Modified hydrothermal synthesis and structural characterization of monoclinic (K Na1−)NbO3 (0.05≤x≤0.15) rods
journal, August 2015

Synthesis of (K, Na) (Nb, Ta)O3 lead-free piezoelectric ceramic powders by high temperature mixing method under hydrothermal conditions
journal, April 2012

Fast synthesis of NaNbO3 and K0.5Na0.5NbO3 by microwave hydrothermal method
journal, November 2014

Study on synthesis and evolution of sodium potassium niobate ceramic powders by an oxalic acid-based sol–gel method
journal, September 2010

Synthesis of potassium sodium niobate powders using an EDTA/citrate complexing sol–gel method
journal, December 2012

A facile sol–gel approach to synthesize KNN nanoparticles at low temperature
journal, November 2013

Synthesis of nano-crystalline potassium sodium niobate ceramic using mechanochemical activation
journal, August 2014

Synthesis of Sodium Potassium Niobate: A Diffusion Couples Study
journal, June 2008

Narrow sintering temperature window for (K, Na)NbO ₃ -based lead-free piezoceramics caused by compositional segregation: Narrow sintering temperature window for (K, Na)NbO ₃ -based lead-free piezoceramics
journal, January 2011

Abnormal Grain Growth and New Core–Shell Structure in (K,Na)NbO ₃ -Based Lead-Free Piezoelectric Ceramics
journal, November 2007

Sintering Behavior of Lead-Free (K,Na)NbO ₃ -BasedPiezoelectric Ceramics
journal, September 2009

Sintering Effect on Microstructure and Properties of (K,Na)NbO3 Ceramics
journal, September 2011

Effect of poling condition on piezoelectric properties of (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 ceramics
journal, June 2006

Effects of Poling Process on KNN-Modified Piezoceramic Properties
journal, February 2010

Effect of chemical inhomogeneity on domains and ferroelectric properties of Fe‐modified 0.77Bi _0.5 Na _0.5 TiO ₃ –0.23SrTiO ₃
journal, May 2018

Harnessing low frequency-based energy using a K _0.5 Na _0.5 NbO ₃ (KNN) pigmented piezoelectric paint system
journal, January 2017