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Title: Peculiarity of two thermodynamically-stable morphologies and their impact on the efficiency of small molecule bulk heterojunction solar cells

Abstract

Structural characteristics of the active layers in organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices play a critical role in charge generation, separation and transport. Here we report on morphology and structural control of p-DTS(FBTTh2)2:PC71BM films by means of thermal annealing and 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) solvent additive processing, and correlate it to the device performance. By combining surface imaging with nanoscale depth-sensitive neutron reflectometry (NR) and X-ray diffraction, three-dimensional morphologies of the films are reconstituted with information extending length scales from nanometers to microns. DIO promotes the formation of a well-mixed donor-acceptor vertical phase morphology with a large population of small p-DTS(FBTTh2)2 nanocrystals arranged in an elongated domain network of the film, thereby enhancing the device performance. In contrast, films without DIO exhibit three-sublayer vertical phase morphology with phase separation in agglomerated domains. Our findings are supported by thermodynamic description based on the Flory-Huggins theory with quantitative evaluation of pairwise interaction parameters that explain the morphological changes resulting from thermal and solvent treatments. Our study reveals that vertical phase morphology of small-molecule based OPVs is significantly different from polymer-based systems. In conclusion, the significant enhancement of morphology and information obtained from theoretical modeling may aid in developing an optimized morphology to enhance device performance formore » OPVs.« less

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [2];  [1];  [3];  [1]
  1. Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
  2. Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)
  3. UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW (Australia)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Spallation Neutron Source (SNS)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
OSTI Identifier:
1259703
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1333656
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC05-00OR22725
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Scientific Reports
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 5; Journal ID: ISSN 2045-2322
Publisher:
Nature Publishing Group
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
14 SOLAR ENERGY; nanoscale materials; solar cells; 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE

Citation Formats

Herath, Nuradhika, Das, Sanjib, Keum, Jong K., Zhu, Jiahua, Kumar, Rajeev, Ivanov, Ilia N., Sumpter, Bobby G., Browning, James F., Xiao, Kai, Gu, Gong, Joshi, Pooran, Smith, Sean, and Lauter, Valeria. Peculiarity of two thermodynamically-stable morphologies and their impact on the efficiency of small molecule bulk heterojunction solar cells. United States: N. p., 2015. Web. doi:10.1038/srep13407.
Herath, Nuradhika, Das, Sanjib, Keum, Jong K., Zhu, Jiahua, Kumar, Rajeev, Ivanov, Ilia N., Sumpter, Bobby G., Browning, James F., Xiao, Kai, Gu, Gong, Joshi, Pooran, Smith, Sean, & Lauter, Valeria. Peculiarity of two thermodynamically-stable morphologies and their impact on the efficiency of small molecule bulk heterojunction solar cells. United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep13407
Herath, Nuradhika, Das, Sanjib, Keum, Jong K., Zhu, Jiahua, Kumar, Rajeev, Ivanov, Ilia N., Sumpter, Bobby G., Browning, James F., Xiao, Kai, Gu, Gong, Joshi, Pooran, Smith, Sean, and Lauter, Valeria. Fri . "Peculiarity of two thermodynamically-stable morphologies and their impact on the efficiency of small molecule bulk heterojunction solar cells". United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep13407. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1259703.
@article{osti_1259703,
title = {Peculiarity of two thermodynamically-stable morphologies and their impact on the efficiency of small molecule bulk heterojunction solar cells},
author = {Herath, Nuradhika and Das, Sanjib and Keum, Jong K. and Zhu, Jiahua and Kumar, Rajeev and Ivanov, Ilia N. and Sumpter, Bobby G. and Browning, James F. and Xiao, Kai and Gu, Gong and Joshi, Pooran and Smith, Sean and Lauter, Valeria},
abstractNote = {Structural characteristics of the active layers in organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices play a critical role in charge generation, separation and transport. Here we report on morphology and structural control of p-DTS(FBTTh2)2:PC71BM films by means of thermal annealing and 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) solvent additive processing, and correlate it to the device performance. By combining surface imaging with nanoscale depth-sensitive neutron reflectometry (NR) and X-ray diffraction, three-dimensional morphologies of the films are reconstituted with information extending length scales from nanometers to microns. DIO promotes the formation of a well-mixed donor-acceptor vertical phase morphology with a large population of small p-DTS(FBTTh2)2 nanocrystals arranged in an elongated domain network of the film, thereby enhancing the device performance. In contrast, films without DIO exhibit three-sublayer vertical phase morphology with phase separation in agglomerated domains. Our findings are supported by thermodynamic description based on the Flory-Huggins theory with quantitative evaluation of pairwise interaction parameters that explain the morphological changes resulting from thermal and solvent treatments. Our study reveals that vertical phase morphology of small-molecule based OPVs is significantly different from polymer-based systems. In conclusion, the significant enhancement of morphology and information obtained from theoretical modeling may aid in developing an optimized morphology to enhance device performance for OPVs.},
doi = {10.1038/srep13407},
journal = {Scientific Reports},
number = ,
volume = 5,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Aug 28 00:00:00 EDT 2015},
month = {Fri Aug 28 00:00:00 EDT 2015}
}

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Unambiguous determination of molecular packing in crystalline donor domains of small molecule solution processed solar cell devices using routine X-ray diffraction techniques
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Phase-sensitive neutron reflectometry measurements applied in the study of photovoltaic films
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Morphological origin for the stratification of P3HT:PCBM blend film studied by neutron reflectometry
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Polymer Photovoltaic Cells: Enhanced Efficiencies via a Network of Internal Donor-Acceptor Heterojunctions
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Works referencing / citing this record:

The Impact of Device Polarity on the Performance of Polymer-Fullerene Solar Cells
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Recent applications of synchrotron radiation and neutrons in the study of soft matter
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