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Title: Ultrahigh sensitivity and layer-dependent sensing performance of phosphorene-based gas sensors

Abstract

Two-dimensional (2D) layered materials have attracted significant attention for device applications because of their unique structures and outstanding properties. Here, a field-effect transistor (FET) sensor device is fabricated based on 2D phosphorene nanosheets (PNSs). The PNS sensor exhibits an ultrahigh sensitivity to NO2 in dry air and the sensitivity is dependent on its thickness. A maximum response is observed for 4.8-nm-thick PNS, with a sensitivity up to 190% at 20 parts per billion (p.p.b.) at room temperature. First-principles calculations combined with the statistical thermodynamics modelling predict that the adsorption density is ~1015 cm-2 for the 4.8-nm-thick PNS when exposed to 20 p.p.b. NO2 at 300 K. As a result, our sensitivity modelling further suggests that the dependence of sensitivity on the PNS thickness is dictated by the band gap for thinner sheets (<10 nm) and by the effective thickness on gas adsorption for thicker sheets (>10 nm).

Authors:
 [1];  [1];  [2];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [2];  [1]
  1. Univ. of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI (United States)
  2. Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Univ. of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI (United States); Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
OSTI Identifier:
1239312
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-06CH11357
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Nature Communications
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 6; Journal ID: ISSN 2041-1723
Publisher:
Nature Publishing Group
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; chemical sciences; nanotechnology; materials science; physical chemistry

Citation Formats

Cui, Shumao, Pu, Haihui, Wells, Spencer A., Wen, Zhenhai, Mao, Shun, Chang, Jingbo, Hersam, Mark C., and Chen, Junhong. Ultrahigh sensitivity and layer-dependent sensing performance of phosphorene-based gas sensors. United States: N. p., 2015. Web. doi:10.1038/ncomms9632.
Cui, Shumao, Pu, Haihui, Wells, Spencer A., Wen, Zhenhai, Mao, Shun, Chang, Jingbo, Hersam, Mark C., & Chen, Junhong. Ultrahigh sensitivity and layer-dependent sensing performance of phosphorene-based gas sensors. United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9632
Cui, Shumao, Pu, Haihui, Wells, Spencer A., Wen, Zhenhai, Mao, Shun, Chang, Jingbo, Hersam, Mark C., and Chen, Junhong. Wed . "Ultrahigh sensitivity and layer-dependent sensing performance of phosphorene-based gas sensors". United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9632. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1239312.
@article{osti_1239312,
title = {Ultrahigh sensitivity and layer-dependent sensing performance of phosphorene-based gas sensors},
author = {Cui, Shumao and Pu, Haihui and Wells, Spencer A. and Wen, Zhenhai and Mao, Shun and Chang, Jingbo and Hersam, Mark C. and Chen, Junhong},
abstractNote = {Two-dimensional (2D) layered materials have attracted significant attention for device applications because of their unique structures and outstanding properties. Here, a field-effect transistor (FET) sensor device is fabricated based on 2D phosphorene nanosheets (PNSs). The PNS sensor exhibits an ultrahigh sensitivity to NO2 in dry air and the sensitivity is dependent on its thickness. A maximum response is observed for 4.8-nm-thick PNS, with a sensitivity up to 190% at 20 parts per billion (p.p.b.) at room temperature. First-principles calculations combined with the statistical thermodynamics modelling predict that the adsorption density is ~1015 cm-2 for the 4.8-nm-thick PNS when exposed to 20 p.p.b. NO2 at 300 K. As a result, our sensitivity modelling further suggests that the dependence of sensitivity on the PNS thickness is dictated by the band gap for thinner sheets (<10 nm) and by the effective thickness on gas adsorption for thicker sheets (>10 nm).},
doi = {10.1038/ncomms9632},
journal = {Nature Communications},
number = ,
volume = 6,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Oct 21 00:00:00 EDT 2015},
month = {Wed Oct 21 00:00:00 EDT 2015}
}

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journal, June 2017

  • Yang, Shengxue; Jiang, Chengbao; Wei, Su-huai
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Ferroelectric HfZrO x -based MoS 2 negative capacitance transistor with ITO capping layers for steep-slope device application
journal, March 2018

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  • Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 112, Issue 10
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A first-principles study of doped black phosphorus carbide monolayers as NO 2 and NH 3 sensors
journal, February 2019

  • Zhang, Jing; Yang, Gui; Yuan, Di
  • Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 125, Issue 7
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Blue phosphorene nanoribbon for detection of chloroform vapours – a first-principles study
journal, November 2019

  • Saravanan, S.; Nagarajan, V.; Srivastava, Anurag
  • International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry
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Recent Advances in the Study of Phosphorene and its Nanostructures
journal, August 2016


Volatile organic compounds discrimination based on dual mode detection
journal, April 2018


Impedimetric phosphorene field-effect transistors for rapid detection of lead ions
journal, July 2018


Chemical sensing by band modulation of a black phosphorus/molybdenum diselenide van der Waals hetero-structure
journal, September 2016


Phosphorene for energy and catalytic application—filling the gap between graphene and 2D metal chalcogenides
journal, September 2017

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  • 2D Materials, Vol. 4, Issue 4
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Black phosphorus: ambient degradation and strategies for protection
journal, April 2018

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Room temperature multiplexed gas sensing using chemical-sensitive 3.5-nm-thin silicon transistors
journal, March 2017

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  • Science Advances, Vol. 3, Issue 3
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Review— Recent Exploration of Two-Dimensional MXenes for Gas Sensing: From a Theoretical to an Experimental View
journal, January 2020

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Determining the dispersion stability of black phosphorus colloids by 3D light scattering
journal, January 2019

  • Ding, Xinying; Wei, Zhan; Chen, Ying
  • Optical Materials Express, Vol. 9, Issue 2
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Type-II WS 2 –ReSe 2 heterostructure and its charge-transfer properties
journal, December 2019

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  • Journal of Materials Research, Vol. 35, Issue 11
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Two-dimensional materials for gas sensors: from first discovery to future possibilities
journal, September 2018


Organic Vapour Sensing Properties of Area-Ordered and Size-Controlled Silicon Nanopillar
journal, November 2016

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  • Sensors, Vol. 16, Issue 11
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2D Materials for Gas Sensing Applications: A Review on Graphene Oxide, MoS2, WS2 and Phosphorene
journal, October 2018

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Electrical Properties of Two-Dimensional Materials Used in Gas Sensors
journal, March 2019


Solution-Processed Nanoporous Organic Semiconductor Thin Films: Toward Health and Environmental Monitoring of Volatile Markers
journal, May 2017

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Two-Dimensional Nanostructured Materials for Gas Sensing
journal, August 2017

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  • Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 27, Issue 37
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Stimuli-Responsive 2D Materials Beyond Graphene
journal, August 2018

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  • Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 45
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Emerging Applications of Elemental 2D Materials
journal, October 2019

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  • Advanced Materials, Vol. 32, Issue 7
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Electronic Noses: From Advanced Materials to Sensors Aided with Data Processing
journal, December 2018


Applications of Phosphorene and Black Phosphorus in Energy Conversion and Storage Devices
journal, December 2017

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  • Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 8
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A Calixarene-Based Metal-Organic Framework for Highly Selective NO 2 Detection
journal, August 2018

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Chemistry of Layered Pnictogens: Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth
journal, June 2019

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Detection of NO 2 Down to One ppb Using Ion‐in‐Conjugation‐Inspired Polymer
journal, December 2018


Chemical Vapor Transport Reactions for Synthesizing Layered Materials and Their 2D Counterparts
journal, September 2019


Two-dimensional nanomaterial-based field-effect transistors for chemical and biological sensing
journal, January 2017

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Tuning the thickness of black phosphorus via ion bombardment-free plasma etching for device performance improvement
journal, January 2016

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  • Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 4, Issue 26
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Two-dimensional black phosphorus nanosheets for theranostic nanomedicine
journal, January 2017

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Modifying the sensibility of nonmetal-doped phosphorene by local or global properties
journal, January 2019

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A sub 20 nm metal-conjugated molecule junction acting as a nitrogen dioxide sensor
journal, January 2019

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  • Nanoscale, Vol. 11, Issue 14
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An indoor light-activated 3D cone-shaped MoS 2 bilayer-based NO gas sensor with PPb-level detection at room-temperature
journal, January 2019

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Strain-tunable CO 2 storage by black phosphorene and α-PC from combined first principles and molecular dynamics studies
journal, January 2019

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Controlling exciton transport in monolayer MoSe 2 by dielectric screening
journal, January 2020

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Sensitive field-effect transistor sensors with atomically thin black phosphorus nanosheets
journal, January 2020

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Tellurene based chemical sensor
journal, January 2019

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  • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 46
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Highly-sensitive gas sensor based on two-dimensional material field effect transistor
journal, August 2018


Exfoliated black phosphorus gas sensing properties at room temperature
journal, March 2016


The rising star of 2D black phosphorus beyond graphene: synthesis, properties and electronic applications
journal, October 2017


Generating strong room-temperature photoluminescence in black phosphorus using organic molecules
journal, October 2018


A two-dimensional semiconductor transistor with boosted gate control and sensing ability
journal, May 2017


Chemical Doping Effects of Gas Molecules on Black Phosphorus Field-Effect Transistors
journal, January 2018

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Adsorption of Transition Metals on Black Phosphorene: a First-Principles Study
journal, September 2018


Metal Oxide Gas Sensors, a Survey of Selectivity Issues Addressed at the SENSOR Lab, Brescia (Italy)
journal, March 2017

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  • Sensors, Vol. 17, Issue 4
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Black Phosphorus-New Nanostructured Material for Humidity Sensors: Achievements and Limitations
journal, February 2019


Emerging Trends in Phosphorene Fabrication towards Next Generation Devices
journal, February 2017

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  • Advanced Science, Vol. 4, Issue 6
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Gas sensing and capturing based on two-dimensional layered materials: Overview from theoretical perspective
journal, February 2018

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Three-dimensional conductive networks based on stacked SiO 2 @graphene frameworks for enhanced gas sensing
journal, January 2017


Coexistence of piezoelectricity and magnetism in two-dimensional vanadium dichalcogenides
journal, January 2019

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Photocarrier dynamics in monolayer phosphorene and bulk black phosphorus
journal, January 2018

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  • Nanoscale, Vol. 10, Issue 24
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UV assisted ultrasensitive trace NO 2 gas sensing based on few-layer MoS 2 nanosheet–ZnO nanowire heterojunctions at room temperature
journal, January 2018

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  • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 22
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Fiber all-optical light control with low-dimensional materials (LDMs): thermo-optic effect and saturable absorption
journal, January 2019

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Recent advances in solution-processed photodetectors based on inorganic and hybrid photo-active materials
journal, January 2020

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Recent Advances in Emerging 2D Material‐Based Gas Sensors: Potential in Disease Diagnosis
journal, September 2019

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Inorganic 2D Luminescent Materials: Structure, Luminescence Modulation, and Applications
journal, October 2019


Superior Sensing Properties of Black Phosphorus as Gas Sensors: A Case Study on the Volatile Organic Compounds
journal, October 2018

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Chemistry of Layered Pnictogens: Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth
journal, April 2019

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Recent progress in 2D group-VA semiconductors: from theory to experiment
journal, January 2018

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Partially-oxidized phosphorene sensor for the detection of sub-nano molar concentrations of nitric oxide: a first-principles study
journal, January 2019

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Ultrafast charge transfer in a type-II MoS 2 -ReSe 2 van der Waals heterostructure
journal, January 2019


Emerging Applications of Elemental 2D Materials.
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A First-Principles Study on the Adsorption of Small Molecules on Antimonene: Oxidation Tendency and Stability
text, January 2018


Emerging Trends in Phosphorene Fabrication towards Next Generation Devices
journal, February 2017

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  • Advanced Science, Vol. 4, Issue 6
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Field-Effect Transistor Biosensor for Rapid Detection of Ebola Antigen
journal, September 2017


Nitrogen-based gas molecule adsorption of monolayer phosphorene under metal functionalization
journal, August 2019


Triangular Black Phosphorus Atomic Layers by Liquid Exfoliation
journal, March 2016

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Role of the puckered anisotropic surface in the surface and adsorption properties of black phosphorus
journal, January 2018

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A two-dimensional semiconductor transistor with boosted gate control and sensing ability
journal, May 2017


Room temperature multiplexed gas sensing using chemical-sensitive 3.5-nm-thin silicon transistors
journal, March 2017

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  • Science Advances, Vol. 3, Issue 3
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Black Phosphorus: Critical Review and Potential for Water Splitting Photocatalyst
journal, October 2016


Organic Vapour Sensing Properties of Area-Ordered and Size-Controlled Silicon Nanopillar
journal, November 2016

  • Li, Wei; Feng, Zhilin; Dai, Enwen
  • Sensors, Vol. 16, Issue 11
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Metal Oxide Gas Sensors, a Survey of Selectivity Issues Addressed at the SENSOR Lab, Brescia (Italy)
journal, March 2017

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  • Sensors, Vol. 17, Issue 4
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Black Phosphorus-New Nanostructured Material for Humidity Sensors: Achievements and Limitations
journal, February 2019


Highly Selective Adsorption on SiSe Monolayer and Effect of Strain Engineering: A DFT Study
journal, February 2020

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  • Sensors, Vol. 20, Issue 4
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A Perspective on Recent Advances in Phosphorene Functionalization and its Application in Devices
text, January 2019


Black Phosphorus and its Biomedical Applications
journal, January 2018

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