Analysis of structure and deformation behavior of AISI 316L tensile specimens from the second operational target module at the Spallation Neutron Source
Abstract
In an earlier publication, tensile testing was performed on specimens removed from the first two operational targets of the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS). There were several anomalous features in the results. First, some specimens had very large elongations (up to 57%) while others had significantly smaller values. Second, there was a larger than the usual amount of data scatter in the elongation results. Third, the stress-strain diagrams of nominally similar specimens spanned a wide range of behavior ranging from expected irradiation-induced hardening to varying levels of force drop after yield point and indirect signs of "traveling deformation wave" behavior associated with strain-induced martensite formation. To investigate the cause(s) of such variable tensile behavior, several specimens from Target 2, spanning the range of observed tensile behavior, were chosen for detailed microstructural examination using electron backscattering analysis (EBSD). It was also shown that the steel employed in the construction of the target contained an unexpected bimodal grain size distribution, containing very large out-of-specification grains surrounded by necklaces of grains of within-specification sizes. The large grains were frequently comparable to the width of the gauge section of the tensile specimen. Moreover, the propensity to form martensite during deformation was shown to be acceleratedmore »
- Authors:
-
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- Radiation Effects Consulting, Richland, WA (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1237603
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1359390
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC05-00OR22725
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Nuclear Materials
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 468; Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 0022-3115
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; Spallation Neutron Source; Spallation Target; Tensile Properties; 316L; Deformation Wave; Transformation-induced Plasticity
Citation Formats
Gussev, Maxim N., McClintock, David A., and Garner, Frank. Analysis of structure and deformation behavior of AISI 316L tensile specimens from the second operational target module at the Spallation Neutron Source. United States: N. p., 2015.
Web. doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.07.013.
Gussev, Maxim N., McClintock, David A., & Garner, Frank. Analysis of structure and deformation behavior of AISI 316L tensile specimens from the second operational target module at the Spallation Neutron Source. United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.07.013
Gussev, Maxim N., McClintock, David A., and Garner, Frank. Wed .
"Analysis of structure and deformation behavior of AISI 316L tensile specimens from the second operational target module at the Spallation Neutron Source". United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.07.013. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1237603.
@article{osti_1237603,
title = {Analysis of structure and deformation behavior of AISI 316L tensile specimens from the second operational target module at the Spallation Neutron Source},
author = {Gussev, Maxim N. and McClintock, David A. and Garner, Frank},
abstractNote = {In an earlier publication, tensile testing was performed on specimens removed from the first two operational targets of the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS). There were several anomalous features in the results. First, some specimens had very large elongations (up to 57%) while others had significantly smaller values. Second, there was a larger than the usual amount of data scatter in the elongation results. Third, the stress-strain diagrams of nominally similar specimens spanned a wide range of behavior ranging from expected irradiation-induced hardening to varying levels of force drop after yield point and indirect signs of "traveling deformation wave" behavior associated with strain-induced martensite formation. To investigate the cause(s) of such variable tensile behavior, several specimens from Target 2, spanning the range of observed tensile behavior, were chosen for detailed microstructural examination using electron backscattering analysis (EBSD). It was also shown that the steel employed in the construction of the target contained an unexpected bimodal grain size distribution, containing very large out-of-specification grains surrounded by necklaces of grains of within-specification sizes. The large grains were frequently comparable to the width of the gauge section of the tensile specimen. Moreover, the propensity to form martensite during deformation was shown to be accelerated by radiation but also to be very sensitive to the relative orientation of the grains with respect to the tensile axis. Specimens having large grains in the gauge that were most favorably oriented for production of martensite strongly exhibited the traveling deformation wave phenomenon, while those specimens with less favorably oriented grains had lesser or no degree of the wave effect, thereby accounting for the larger than expected data scatter.},
doi = {10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.07.013},
journal = {Journal of Nuclear Materials},
number = C,
volume = 468,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Aug 05 00:00:00 EDT 2015},
month = {Wed Aug 05 00:00:00 EDT 2015}
}
Web of Science
Works referenced in this record:
Materials needs for fusion, Generation IV fission reactors and spallation neutron sources – similarities and differences
journal, August 2004
- Mansur, L. K.; Rowcliffe, A. F.; Nanstad, R. K.
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 329-333
Determination of helium and hydrogen yield from measurements on pure metals and alloys irradiated by mixed high energy proton and spallation neutron spectra in LANSCE
journal, July 2001
- Garner, F. A.; Oliver, B. M.; Greenwood, L. R.
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 296, Issue 1-3
Helium and hydrogen generation in pure metals irradiated with high-energy protons and spallation neutrons in LANSCE
journal, December 2002
- Oliver, B. M.; James, M. R.; Garner, F. A.
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 307-311
Shear punch and tensile measurements of mechanical property changes induced in various austenitic alloys by high-energy mixed proton and neutron irradiation at low temperatures
journal, December 2000
- Hamilton, M. L.; Garner, F. A.; Toloczko, M. B.
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 283-287
Microstructural origins of radiation-induced changes in mechanical properties of 316 L and 304 L austenitic stainless steels irradiated with mixed spectra of high-energy protons and spallation neutrons
journal, July 2001
- Sencer, B. H.; Bond, G. M.; Hamilton, M. L.
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 296, Issue 1-3
The mechanical properties of 316L/304L stainless steels, Alloy 718 and Mod 9Cr–1Mo after irradiation in a spallation environment
journal, July 2001
- Maloy, S. A.; James, M. R.; Willcutt, G.
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 296, Issue 1-3
Tensile properties of EC316LN irradiated in SINQ to 20dpa
journal, June 2008
- Dai, Y.; Egeland, G. W.; Long, B.
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 377, Issue 1
Strain hardening and plastic instability properties of austenitic stainless steels after proton and neutron irradiation
journal, October 2001
- Byun, T. S.; Farrell, K.; Lee, E. H.
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 298, Issue 3
Temperature effects on the mechanical properties of candidate SNS target container materials after proton and neutron irradiation
journal, May 2002
- Byun, T. S.; Farrell, K.; Lee, E. H.
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 303, Issue 1
Tensile properties and microstructure of EC316LN irradiated in STIP-II
journal, July 2014
- Li, B. S.; Dai, Y.
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 450, Issue 1-3
Summary of the results from post-irradiation examination of spent targets at the FZ-Juelich
journal, May 2003
- Chen, J.; Bauer, G. S.; Broome, T.
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 318
The tensile properties of AISI 316L and OPTIFER in various conditions irradiated in a spallation environment
journal, August 2005
- Chen, J.; Rödig, M.; Carsughi, F.
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 343, Issue 1-3
Tensile properties of candidate SNS target container materials after proton and neutron irradiation in the LANSCE accelerator
journal, July 2001
- Farrell, K.; Byun, T. S.
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 296, Issue 1-3
Post-irradiation examination of the Spallation Neutron Source target module
journal, March 2010
- McClintock, D. A.; Ferguson, P. D.; Mansur, L. K.
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 398, Issue 1-3
Initial observations of cavitation-induced erosion of liquid metal spallation target vessels at the Spallation Neutron Source
journal, December 2012
- McClintock, D. A.; Riemer, B. W.; Ferguson, P. D.
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 431, Issue 1-3
Characterization of irradiated AISI 316L stainless steel disks removed from the Spallation Neutron Source
journal, July 2014
- Vevera, Bradley J.; McClintock, David A.; Hyres, James W.
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 450, Issue 1-3
Hardness and stability of a carburized surface layer on AISI 316L stainless steel after irradiation in a spallation neutron environment
journal, July 2014
- McClintock, David A.; Hyres, James W.; Vevera, Bradley J.
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 450, Issue 1-3
Post-irradiation tensile properties of the first and second operational target modules at the Spallation Neutron Source
journal, July 2014
- McClintock, David A.; Vevera, Bradley J.; Riemer, Bernard W.
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 450, Issue 1-3
Characterization of a carburized surface layer on an austenitic stainless steel
journal, August 2005
- Farrell, K.; Specht, E. D.; Pang, J.
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 343, Issue 1-3
Risks of “Cleaning” Electron Backscatter Diffraction Data
journal, March 2010
- Brewer, L. N.; Michael, J. R.
- Microscopy Today, Vol. 18, Issue 2
Study by EBSD of the development of the substructure in a hot deformed 304 stainless steel
journal, March 2005
- Jorge-Badiola, D.; Iza-Mendia, A.; Gutiérrez, I.
- Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 394, Issue 1-2
Anomalously large deformation of 12Cr18Ni10Ti austenitic steel irradiated to 55dpa at 310°C in the BN-350 reactor
journal, April 2009
- Gusev, M. N.; Maksimkin, O. P.; Osipov, I. S.
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 386-388
Peculiarities of plastic flow involving “deformation waves” observed during low-temperature tensile tests of highly irradiated 12Cr18Ni10Ti and 08Cr16Ni11Mo3 steels
journal, August 2010
- Gusev, M. N.; Maksimkin, O. P.; Garner, F. A.
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 403, Issue 1-3
Kinetics of strain-induced transformation of dispersed austenite in low-alloy TRIP steels
journal, October 2014
- Haidemenopoulos, G. N.; Aravas, N.; Bellas, I.
- Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 615
Ferrite formation in neutron-irradiated austenitic stainless steel
journal, March 1979
- Stanley, James T.; Hendrickson, L. E.
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 80, Issue 1
Detection of intergranular cracking susceptibility due to hydrogen in irradiated austenitic stainless steel with a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) sensor
journal, April 2002
- Morisawa, J.; Otaka, M.; Kodama, M.
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 302, Issue 1
Magnetic phase formation in irradiated austenitic alloys
journal, May 2014
- Gussev, M. N.; Busby, J. T.; Tan, L.
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 448, Issue 1-3
Ferrite formation in neutron-irradiated type 304L stainless steel
journal, February 1979
- Porter, D. L.
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 79, Issue 2
Overview of microstructural evolution in neutron-irradiated austenitic stainless steels
journal, October 1993
- Maziasz, P. J.
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 205
The effects of silicon and titanium on void swelling and phase transformations in neutron irradiated 12Cr-15Ni steels
journal, May 1988
- Boothby, R. M.; Williams, T. M.
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 152, Issue 2-3
Effects of focused ion beam milling on austenite stability in ferrous alloys
journal, January 2010
- Knipling, K. E.; Rowenhorst, D. J.; Fonda, R. W.
- Materials Characterization, Vol. 61, Issue 1
Martensitic transformations in 304 stainless steel after implantation with helium, hydrogen and deuterium
journal, March 1989
- Johnson, E.; Gråbæk, L.; Johansen, A.
- Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, Vol. 39, Issue 1-4
Effect of deformation‐induced martensite on the pit propagation behavior of 304 stainless steel
journal, December 2004
- Chunchun, Xu; Gang, Hu
- Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, Vol. 51, Issue 6
Galvanic corrosion between the constituent phases in duplex stainless steel
journal, September 2007
- Tsai, Wen-Ta; Chen, Jhen-Rong
- Corrosion Science, Vol. 49, Issue 9
Grain growth in austenitic stainless steels
journal, December 1969
- Stanley, J. K.; Perrotta, A. J.
- Metallography, Vol. 2, Issue 4
Overview of the SNS target system testing and initial beam operation experience
journal, June 2008
- McManamy, T.; Crabtree, A.; Lousteau, D.
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 377, Issue 1
Effect of pre-strain on grain size distributions in 316H austenitic stainless steel
journal, August 2011
- Mahalingam, S.; Flewitt, P. E. J.; Knott, J. F.
- Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 47, Issue 2
Ion irradiation induced grain growth in Ni polycrystalline thin films
journal, January 1987
- Liu, Joyce C.; Mayer, J. W.
- Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, Vol. 19-20
Cavitation wear behaviour of austenitic stainless steels with different grain sizes
journal, January 2005
- Bregliozzi, G.; Schino, A. Di; Ahmed, S. I. -U.
- Wear, Vol. 258, Issue 1-4
Computational simulation of the dependence of the austenitic grain size on the deformation behavior of TRIP steels
journal, June 2000
- Iwamoto, Takeshi; Tsuta, Toshio
- International Journal of Plasticity, Vol. 16, Issue 7-8
Inhomogeneous deformation behavior in intercrystalline regions in polycrystalline Ni
journal, February 2014
- Pang, J. W. L.; Liu, W.; Budai, J. D.
- Acta Materialia, Vol. 65
Deformation behavior and microstructure/texture evolution of an annealed 304 AISI stainless steel sheet. Experimental and micromechanical modeling
journal, February 2007
- Petit, B.; Gey, N.; Cherkaoui, M.
- International Journal of Plasticity, Vol. 23, Issue 2
Twinning and martensitic transformations in nickel-enriched 304 austenitic steel during tensile and indentation deformations
journal, December 2013
- Gussev, M. N.; Busby, J. T.; Byun, T. S.
- Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 588
Electron backscattered diffraction study of ε/α′ martensitic variants induced by plastic deformation in 304 stainless steel
journal, December 2005
- Gey, N.; Petit, B.; Humbert, M.
- Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 36, Issue 12
The orientation dependence of γ-α′ martensitic transformation in austenitic stainless steel single crystals with low stacking fault energy
journal, May 2008
- Kireeva, I. V.; Chumlyakov, Yu. I.
- Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 481-482
Competing mechanisms and modeling of deformation in austenitic stainless steel single crystals with and without nitrogen
journal, November 2001
- Karaman, I.; Sehitoglu, H.; Maier, H. J.
- Acta Materialia, Vol. 49, Issue 19
Crystal orientation changes: A comparison between a crystal plasticity finite element study and experimental results
journal, March 2012
- Rehrl, Christian; Völker, Bernhard; Kleber, Siegfried
- Acta Materialia, Vol. 60, Issue 5
The microstructure and associated tensile properties of irradiated fcc and bcc metals
journal, January 2000
- Victoria, M.; Baluc, N.; Bailat, C.
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 276, Issue 1-3
Works referencing / citing this record:
Is duplex stainless steel more corrosion resistant than 316L in aqueous acid chloride-containing environments at temperatures higher than 100°C?
journal, August 2018
- Ferreira, Elivelton A.; Silva, Raone C. De C.; Costa, Larissa A. T.
- Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology, Vol. 53, Issue 7