The development of high-performance alkali-hybrid polarized He3 targets for electron scattering

Singh, Jaideep T.; Dolph, Peter A.M.; Tobias, William Al; Averett, Todd D.; Kelleher, Aiden; Mooney, K. E.; Nelyubin, Vladimir V.; Wang, Yunxiao; Zheng, Yuan; Cates, Gordon D.

doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.91.055205

Title: The development of high-performance alkali-hybrid polarized ${}^{3}{He}$ targets for electron scattering

Abstract

We present the development of high-performance polarized ³He targets for use in electron scattering experiments that utilize the technique of alkali-hybrid spin-exchange optical pumping. We include data obtained during the characterization of 24 separate target cells, each of which was constructed while preparing for one of four experiments at Jefferson Laboratory in Newport News, Virginia. The results presented here document dramatic improvement in the performance of polarized ³He targets, as well as the target properties and operating parameters that made those improvements possible. Included in our measurements were determinations of the so-called X-factors that quantify a temperature-dependent and as-yet poorly understood spin-relaxation mechanism that limits the maximum achievable ³He polarization to well under 100%. The presence of this spin-relaxation mechanism was clearly evident in our data. We also present results from a simulation of the alkali-hydrid spin-exchange optical pumping process that was developed to provide guidance in the design of these targets. Good agreement with actual performance was obtained by including details such as off-resonant optical pumping. Now benchmarked against experimental data, the simulation is useful for the design of future targets. Included in our results is a measurement of the K- ³He spin-exchange rate coefficient $$k^\mathrm{K}_\mathrm{se} = \left ( 7.46 \pm 0.62 \right )\!\times\!10^{-20}\ \mathrm{cm^3/s}$$ over the temperature range 503 K to 563 K.

Authors:

Singh, Jaideep T. ^[1]; Dolph, Peter A.M. ^[2]; Tobias, William Al ^[2]; Averett, Todd D. ^[3]; Kelleher, Aiden ^[3]; Mooney, K. E. ^[2]; Nelyubin, Vladimir V. ^[2]; Wang, Yunxiao ^[2]; Zheng, Yuan ^[2]; Cates, Gordon D. ^[2]

University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (United States); Argonne National Lab., Argonne, IL (United States); Technische Universitat Munchen, Exzellenzcluster Universe, Garching (Germany)
University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (United States)
College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA (United States)

Publication Date:: Fri May 01 00:00:00 EDT 2015

Research Org.:: Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF), Newport News, VA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)

OSTI Identifier:: 1182364

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1182454

Report Number(s):: JLAB/PHY-13/1791; DOE/OR/23177-2787; arXiv:1309.4004
Journal ID: ISSN 0556-2813; PRVCAN

Grant/Contract Number:: FG02-01ER41168; FG02-96ER41003

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Physical Review C, Nuclear Physics

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 91; Journal Issue: 5; Journal ID: ISSN 0556-2813

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS

Citation Formats


                    Singh, Jaideep T., Dolph, Peter A.M., Tobias, William Al, Averett, Todd D., Kelleher, Aiden, Mooney, K. E., Nelyubin, Vladimir V., Wang, Yunxiao, Zheng, Yuan, and Cates, Gordon D. The development of high-performance alkali-hybrid polarized He3 targets for electron scattering.  United States: N. p., 2015. 
Web.  doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.91.055205.

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                    Singh, Jaideep T., Dolph, Peter A.M., Tobias, William Al, Averett, Todd D., Kelleher, Aiden, Mooney, K. E., Nelyubin, Vladimir V., Wang, Yunxiao, Zheng, Yuan, & Cates, Gordon D. The development of high-performance alkali-hybrid polarized He3 targets for electron scattering.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.91.055205

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                    Singh, Jaideep T., Dolph, Peter A.M., Tobias, William Al, Averett, Todd D., Kelleher, Aiden, Mooney, K. E., Nelyubin, Vladimir V., Wang, Yunxiao, Zheng, Yuan, and Cates, Gordon D. Fri .  
"The development of high-performance alkali-hybrid polarized He3 targets for electron scattering".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.91.055205.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1182364.

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@article{osti_1182364,

  title        = {The development of high-performance alkali-hybrid polarized He3 targets for electron scattering},

  author       = {Singh, Jaideep T. and Dolph, Peter A.M. and Tobias, William Al and Averett, Todd D. and Kelleher, Aiden and Mooney, K. E. and Nelyubin, Vladimir V. and Wang, Yunxiao and Zheng, Yuan and Cates, Gordon D.},

  abstractNote = {We present the development of high-performance polarized ³He targets for use in electron scattering experiments that utilize the technique of alkali-hybrid spin-exchange optical pumping. We include data obtained during the characterization of 24 separate target cells, each of which was constructed while preparing for one of four experiments at Jefferson Laboratory in Newport News, Virginia. The results presented here document dramatic improvement in the performance of polarized ³He targets, as well as the target properties and operating parameters that made those improvements possible. Included in our measurements were determinations of the so-called X-factors that quantify a temperature-dependent and as-yet poorly understood spin-relaxation mechanism that limits the maximum achievable ³He polarization to well under 100%. The presence of this spin-relaxation mechanism was clearly evident in our data. We also present results from a simulation of the alkali-hydrid spin-exchange optical pumping process that was developed to provide guidance in the design of these targets. Good agreement with actual performance was obtained by including details such as off-resonant optical pumping. Now benchmarked against experimental data, the simulation is useful for the design of future targets. Included in our results is a measurement of the K- ³He spin-exchange rate coefficient $k^\mathrm{K}_\mathrm{se} = \left ( 7.46 \pm 0.62 \right )\!\times\!10^{-20}\ \mathrm{cm^3/s}$ over the temperature range 503 K to 563 K.},

  doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevC.91.055205},

  journal      = {Physical Review C, Nuclear Physics},

  number       = 5,

  volume       = 91,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Fri May 01 00:00:00 EDT 2015},

  month        = {Fri May 01 00:00:00 EDT 2015}

}

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Works referencing / citing this record:

Extraction of the Neutron Electric Form Factor from Measurements of Inclusive Double Spin Asymmetries
text, January 2017

Sulkosky, V.; Jin, G.; Long, E.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1704.06253

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Title: The development of high-performance alkali-hybrid polarized He 3 targets for electron scattering

Abstract

Citation Formats

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Q 2 Evolution of the Generalized Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn Integral for the Neutron using a H 3 e Target journal, November 2002

Measurements of the Electric Form Factor of the Neutron up to Q 2 = 3.4 GeV 2 Using the Reaction 3 He → ( e → , e ′ n ) p p journal, December 2010

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Alkali-metal-atom polarization imaging in high-pressure optical-pumping cells journal, September 1998

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Spin-exchange optical pumping of He 3 with Rb-K mixtures and pure K journal, January 2007

Fundamentals of Spin-Exchange Optical Pumping journal, June 2011

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Breakdown of Angular Momentum Selection Rules in High Pressure Optical Pumping Experiments journal, August 2010

Polarization limits in K-Rb spin-exchange mixtures journal, June 2011

Optical pumping of Rb vapor using high-power Ga 1 − x Al x As diode laser arrays journal, June 1995

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A simple method to determine the purity of an inert gas journal, June 1997

Accurate 3 He polarimetry using the Rb Zeeman frequency shift due to the Rb − 3 He spin-exchange collisions journal, October 1998

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Optical determination of alkali metal vapor number density using Faraday rotation journal, January 1986

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Title: The development of high-performance alkali-hybrid polarized ${}^{3}{He}$ targets for electron scattering

Determination of the neutron spin structure function
journal, August 1993

$Q^{2}$ Evolution of the Generalized Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn Integral for the Neutron using a ${}^{3}H e$ Target
journal, November 2002

Measurements of the Electric Form Factor of the Neutron up to $Q^{2} = 3.4 {GeV}^{2}$ Using the Reaction $^{3} \vec{He} (\vec{e}, e^{'} n) p p$
journal, December 2010

Single Spin Asymmetries in Charged Pion Production from Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering on a Transversely Polarized ${}^{3}{He}$ Target at $Q^{2} = 1.4 - 2.7 {GeV}^{2}$
journal, August 2011

Polarized, high-density, gaseous ${}^{3}{He}$ targets
journal, December 1987

Optical pumping of Rb in the presence of high-pressure ${}^{3}{He}$ buffer gas
journal, September 1991

Laser polarized muonic helium
journal, December 1991

Polarization of ${He}^{3}$ Gas by Optical Pumping
journal, December 1963

Optical pumping in 3He with a laser
journal, January 1985

Nuclear Polarization in ${He}^{3}$ Gas Induced by Optical Pumping and Dipolar Exchange
journal, October 1960

Spin-rotation interaction of alkali-metal–He-atom pairs
journal, September 1997

Polarization of $^{3} He$ by Spin Exchange with Optically Pumped Rb and K Vapors
journal, March 1998

Hybrid Spin-Exchange Optical Pumping of ${}^{3}{H e}$
journal, September 2003

Production of highly polarized 3He using spectrally narrowed diode laser array bars
journal, November 2003

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Gas dynamics in high-luminosity polarized $^{3}$ He targets using diffusion and convection
journal, December 2011

Pressure broadening of Rb $D_{1}$ and $D_{2}$ lines by $^{3}$ He, $^{4}$ He, N $_{2}$ , and Xe: Line cores and near wings
journal, December 1997

Collisional line broadening due to van der Waals potentials
journal, January 1984

Alkali-metal-atom polarization imaging in high-pressure optical-pumping cells
journal, September 1998

Laser optical pumping of high-density Rb in polarized ${}^{3}{He}$ targets
journal, May 1994

Spin-exchange optical pumping of ${}^{3}{He}$ with Rb-K mixtures and pure K
journal, January 2007

Fundamentals of Spin-Exchange Optical Pumping
journal, June 2011

Skew light propagation in optically thick optical pumping cells
journal, September 2002

Effects of nitrogen quenching gas on spin-exchange optical pumping of ${}^{3}{He}$
journal, October 2010

Light narrowing of magnetic resonance lines in dense, optically pumped alkali-metal vapor
journal, June 1981

Breakdown of Angular Momentum Selection Rules in High Pressure Optical Pumping Experiments
journal, August 2010

Polarization limits in K-Rb spin-exchange mixtures
journal, June 2011

Optical pumping of Rb vapor using high-power ${Ga}_{1 - x}$ ${Al}_{x}$ As diode laser arrays
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A simple method to determine the purity of an inert gas
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Accurate $^{3} He$ polarimetry using the Rb Zeeman frequency shift due to the $Rb -^{3} He$ spin-exchange collisions
journal, October 1998

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journal, January 2005

Optical determination of alkali metal vapor number density using Faraday rotation
journal, January 1986

Measurements of $^{3} He$ spin-exchange rates
journal, September 2002

$N^{14}$ - $N^{15}$ Hyperfine Anomaly
journal, October 1959

Method for deducing anisotropic spin-exchange rates
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Anisotropic Hyperfine Interactions Limit the Efficiency of Spin-Exchange Optical Pumping of ${}^{3}{He}$ Nuclei
journal, July 2011

On the limits of spin-exchange optical pumping of ³ He
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