DC electrical conductivity measurements of warm dense matter using ultrafast THz radiation

Ofori-Okai, B. K.; Descamps, A.; McBride, E. E.; Mo, M. Z.; Weinmann, A.; Seipp, L. E.; Ali, S. J.; Chen, Z.; Fletcher, L. B.; Glenzer, S. H.

doi:10.1063/5.0193854

Title: DC electrical conductivity measurements of warm dense matter using ultrafast THz radiation

Journal Article · 21 April 2024 · Physics of Plasmas

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0193854 · OSTI ID:2567917

;

; Seipp, L. E.;

; Chen, Z.;

;

We describe measurements of the DC electrical conductivity of warm dense matter using ultrafast terahertz (THz) pulses. THz fields are sufficiently slowly varying that they behave like DC fields on the timescale of electron–electron and electron–ion interactions and hence probe DC-like responses. Using a novel single-shot electro-optic sampling technique, the electrical conductivity of the laser-generated warm dense matter was determined with <1 ps temporal resolution. We present the details of the single-shot THz detection methodology as well as considerations for warm dense matter experiments. We, then, provide proof-of-concept studies on aluminum driven to the warm dense matter regime through isochoric heating and shock compression. Our results indicate a decrease in the conductivity when driven to warm dense matter conditions and provide a platform for future warm dense matter studies.

View Journal Article

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: The UK Research and Innovation (UKRI); USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Fusion Energy Sciences (FES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515; AC52-07NA27344

OSTI ID:: 2567917

Report Number(s):: LLNL-JRNL-865844; 042711

Journal Information:: Physics of Plasmas, Journal Name: Physics of Plasmas Journal Issue: 4 Vol. 31; ISSN 1070-664X

Publisher:: American Institute of PhysicsCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (85)

Time‐Resolved Terahertz Spectroscopy Studies on 2D Van der Waals Materials Han, Peng; Wang, Xinke; Zhang, Yan Advanced Optical Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201900533	journal	August 2019
New infrared undulator beamline at FLASH Gensch, M.; Bittner, L.; Chesnov, A. Infrared Physics & Technology, Vol. 51, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infrared.2007.12.032	journal	May 2008
Atmospheric absorption of terahertz radiation and water vapor continuum effects Slocum, David M.; Slingerland, Elizabeth J.; Giles, Robert H. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, Vol. 127 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2013.04.022	journal	September 2013
Idealized slab plasma approach for the study of warm dense matter Ng, A.; Ao, T.; Perrot, F. Laser and Particle Beams, Vol. 23, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0263034605050718	journal	October 2005
Terahertz Spectroscopy of Emerging Materials Spies, Jacob A.; Neu, Jens; Tayvah, Uriel T. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 124, Issue 41 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c06344	journal	September 2020
THz Generation and Detection by Fluorenone Based Organic Crystals Savoini, Matteo; Huber, Lucas; Cuppen, Herma ACS Photonics, Vol. 5, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.7b00792	journal	December 2017
Exploring Dynamics in the Far-Infrared with Terahertz Spectroscopy Schmuttenmaer, Charles A. Chemical Reviews, Vol. 104, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/cr020685g	journal	April 2004
Ultrabright X-ray laser scattering for dynamic warm dense matter physics Fletcher, L. B.; Lee, H. J.; Döppner, T. Nature Photonics, Vol. 9, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2015.41	journal	March 2015
Ultrafast terahertz emission from emerging symmetry-broken materials Pettine, Jacob; Padmanabhan, Prashant; Sirica, Nicholas Light: Science & Applications, Vol. 12, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-023-01163-w	journal	June 2023
Ultrafast multi-cycle terahertz measurements of the electrical conductivity in strongly excited solids Chen, Z.; Curry, C. B.; Zhang, R. Nature Communications, Vol. 12, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21756-6	journal	March 2021
Formation of diamonds in laser-compressed hydrocarbons at planetary interior conditions Kraus, D.; Vorberger, J.; Pak, A. Nature Astronomy, Vol. 1, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-017-0219-9	journal	August 2017
Single-pass high-efficiency terahertz free-electron laser Fisher, A.; Park, Y.; Lenz, M. Nature Photonics, Vol. 16, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-022-00995-z	journal	May 2022
Experimental evidence for superionic water ice using shock compression Millot, Marius; Hamel, Sebastien; Rygg, J. Ryan Nature Physics, Vol. 14, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-017-0017-4	journal	February 2018
Phase transition lowering in dynamically compressed silicon McBride, E. E.; Krygier, A.; Ehnes, A. Nature Physics, Vol. 15, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-018-0290-x	journal	September 2018
Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy Koch, Martin; Mittleman, Daniel M.; Ornik, Jan Nature Reviews Methods Primers, Vol. 3, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s43586-023-00232-z	journal	June 2023
Terahertz beam generation by femtosecond optical pulses in electro‐optic materials Xu, L.; Zhang, X. ‐C.; Auston, D. H. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 61, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.108426	journal	October 1992
Terahertz optical rectification from 〈110〉 zinc‐blende crystals Rice, A.; Jin, Y.; Ma, X. F. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 64, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.111922	journal	March 1994
Free‐space electro‐optic sampling of terahertz beams Wu, Q.; Zhang, X. ‐C. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 67, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.114909	journal	December 1995
Ultrafast electro‐optic field sensors Wu, Q.; Zhang, X. ‐C. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 68, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.115665	journal	March 1996
Coherent detection of freely propagating terahertz radiation by electro‐optic sampling Nahata, Ajay; Auston, David H.; Heinz, Tony F. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 68, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.116130	journal	January 1996
Broadband detection capability of ZnTe electro‐optic field detectors Wu, Q.; Litz, M.; Zhang, X. ‐C. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 68, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.116356	journal	May 1996
A wideband coherent terahertz spectroscopy system using optical rectification and electro‐optic sampling Nahata, Ajay; Weling, Aniruddha S.; Heinz, Tony F. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 69, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.117511	journal	October 1996
The physics basis for ignition using indirect-drive targets on the National Ignition Facility Lindl, John D.; Amendt, Peter; Berger, Richard L. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 11, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1578638	journal	February 2004
Laser interferometer for measuring high velocities of any reflecting surface Barker, L. M.; Hollenbach, R. E. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 43, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1660986	journal	November 1972
Line-imaging velocimeter for shock diagnostics at the OMEGA laser facility Celliers, P. M.; Bradley, D. K.; Collins, G. W. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 75, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1807008	journal	November 2004
Generation of 10μJ ultrashort terahertz pulses by optical rectification Yeh, K. -L.; Hoffmann, M. C.; Hebling, J. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 90, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2734374	journal	April 2007
Generation and detection of tunable phonon polaritons using a single transmission grating Katayama, Kenji; Inoue, Hayato; Sugiya, Hisashi Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 92, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2837617	journal	January 2008
Perspectives on high-energy-density physics Drake, R. P. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 16, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3078101	journal	May 2009
Single-cycle terahertz pulses with amplitudes exceeding 1 MV/cm generated by optical rectification in LiNbO3 Hirori, H.; Doi, A.; Blanchard, F. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 98, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3560062	journal	February 2011
Pulsed laser noise analysis and pump-probe signal detection with a data acquisition card Werley, Christopher A.; Teo, Stephanie M.; Nelson, Keith A. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 82, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3669783	journal	December 2011
Single-shot measurement of a terahertz electric-field waveform using a reflective echelon mirror Minami, Yasuo; Hayashi, Yusuke; Takeda, Jun Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 103, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4817011	journal	July 2013
Observations of strong ion-ion correlations in dense plasmas Ma, T.; Fletcher, L.; Pak, A. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 21, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4872161	journal	May 2014
Determining the refractive index of shocked [100] lithium fluoride to the limit of transmissibility Rigg, P. A.; Knudson, M. D.; Scharff, R. J. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 116, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4890714	journal	July 2014
Development of a broadband reflectivity diagnostic for laser driven shock compression experiments Ali, S. J.; Bolme, C. A.; Collins, G. W. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 86, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4917195	journal	April 2015
Invited Article: Single-shot THz detection techniques optimized for multidimensional THz spectroscopy Teo, Stephanie M.; Ofori-Okai, Benjamin K.; Werley, Christopher A. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 86, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4921389	journal	May 2015
Observations of non-linear plasmon damping in dense plasmas Witte, B. B. L.; Sperling, P.; French, M. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5017889	journal	May 2018
Determination of the electron-lattice coupling strength of copper with ultrafast MeV electron diffraction Mo, M. Z.; Becker, V.; Ofori-Okai, B. K. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 89, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5035368	journal	October 2018
Toward quasi-DC conductivity of warm dense matter measured by single-shot terahertz spectroscopy Ofori-Okai, B. K.; Descamps, A.; Lu, J. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 89, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5038944	journal	October 2018
Tutorial: An introduction to terahertz time domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) Neu, Jens; Schmuttenmaer, Charles A. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 124, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5047659	journal	December 2018
An electron conductivity model for dense plasmas Lee, Y. T.; More, R. M. Physics of Fluids, Vol. 27, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.864744	journal	January 1984
Development of the indirect‐drive approach to inertial confinement fusion and the target physics basis for ignition and gain Lindl, John Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 2, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.871025	journal	November 1995
Observation of a highly conductive warm dense state of water with ultrafast pump–probe free-electron-laser measurements Chen, Z.; Na, X.; Curry, C. B. Matter and Radiation at Extremes, Vol. 6, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0043726	journal	September 2021
Ambient-temperature liquid jet targets for high-repetition-rate HED discovery science Treffert, F.; Glenn, G. D.; Chou, H. -G. J. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 29, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0097857	journal	December 2022
Electronic density response of warm dense matter Dornheim, Tobias; Moldabekov, Zhandos A.; Ramakrishna, Kushal Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 30, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0138955	journal	March 2023
A theory of the electrical properties of liquid metals. I: The monovalent metals Ziman, J. M. Philosophical Magazine, Vol. 6, Issue 68 https://doi.org/10.1080/14786436108243361	journal	August 1961
Charge carrier dynamics in 2D materials probed by ultrafast THzspectroscopy Cinquanta, Eugenio; Pogna, Eva Arianna Aurelia; Gatto, Lorenzo Advances in Physics: X, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1080/23746149.2022.2120416	journal	September 2022
Jupiter Models with Improved ab Initio Hydrogen Equation of State (H-Reos.2) Nettelmann, N.; Becker, A.; Holst, B. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 750, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/750/1/52	journal	April 2012
Ab Initio Simulations for Material Properties Along the Jupiter Adiabat French, Martin; Becker, Andreas; Lorenzen, Winfried The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 202, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0067-0049/202/1/5	journal	August 2012
Novosibirsk terahertz free electron laser: instrumentation development and experimental achievements Knyazev, B. A.; Kulipanov, G. N.; Vinokurov, N. A. Measurement Science and Technology, Vol. 21, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/21/5/054017	journal	March 2010
Electrical conductivity calculations in isochorically heated warm dense aluminum Sperling, P.; Rosmej, S.; Bredow, R. Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, Vol. 50, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6455/aa753d	journal	June 2017
Observation of energetic terahertz pulses from relativistic solid density plasmas Gopal, A.; May, T.; Herzer, S. New Journal of Physics, Vol. 14, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/14/8/083012	journal	August 2012
Energy Gap Interpretation of Experiments on Infrared Transmission through Superconducting Films Tinkham, M. Physical Review, Vol. 104, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.104.845	journal	November 1956
Transport Phenomena in a Completely Ionized Gas Spitzer, Lyman; Härm, Richard Physical Review, Vol. 89, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.89.977	journal	March 1953
Ab initio study of shock-compressed copper Schörner, Maximilian; Witte, Bastian B. L.; Baczewski, Andrew D. Physical Review B, Vol. 106, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.106.054304	journal	August 2022
Electrical and thermal conductivity of fcc and hcp iron under conditions of the Earth's core from ab initio simulations Kleinschmidt, Uwe; French, Martin; Steinle-Neumann, Gerd Physical Review B, Vol. 107, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.107.085145	journal	February 2023
Carrier dynamics of electrons and holes in moderately doped silicon van Exter, Martin; Grischkowsky, D. Physical Review B, Vol. 41, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.41.12140	journal	June 1990
Electrical conductivity of dense metal plasmas Redmer, Ronald Physical Review E, Vol. 59, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.59.1073	journal	January 1999
dc conductivity of two-temperature warm dense gold Ng, A.; Sterne, P.; Hansen, S. Physical Review E, Vol. 94, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.94.033213	journal	September 2016
Isochoric, isobaric, and ultrafast conductivities of aluminum, lithium, and carbon in the warm dense matter regime Dharma-wardana, M. W. C.; Klug, D. D.; Harbour, L. Physical Review E, Vol. 96, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.96.053206	journal	November 2017
Evolution of ac Conductivity in Nonequilibrium Warm Dense Gold Chen, Z.; Holst, B.; Kirkwood, S. E. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 110, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.135001	journal	March 2013
Observation of Gigawatt-Class THz Pulses from a Compact Laser-Driven Particle Accelerator Gopal, A.; Herzer, S.; Schmidt, A. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 111, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.074802	journal	August 2013
Free-Electron X-Ray Laser Measurements of Collisional-Damped Plasmons in Isochorically Heated Warm Dense Matter Sperling, P.; Gamboa, E. J.; Lee, H. J. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 115, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.115001	journal	September 2015
Warm Dense Matter Demonstrating Non-Drude Conductivity from Observations of Nonlinear Plasmon Damping Witte, B. B. L.; Fletcher, L. B.; Galtier, E. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 118, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.225001	journal	May 2017
Dynamics of a Persistent Insulator-to-Metal Transition in Strained Manganite Films Teitelbaum, Samuel W.; Ofori-Okai, B. K.; Cheng, Yu-Hsiang Physical Review Letters, Vol. 123, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.267201	journal	December 2019
Resistivity of a Simple Metal from Room Temperature to 10 6 K Milchberg, H. M.; Freeman, R. R.; Davey, S. C. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 61, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.61.2364	journal	November 1988
Optical Properties in Nonequilibrium Phase Transitions Ao, T.; Ping, Y.; Widmann, K. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 96, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.055001	journal	February 2006
Dissociation of Liquid Silica at High Pressures and Temperatures Hicks, D. G.; Boehly, T. R.; Eggert, J. H. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 97, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.025502	journal	July 2006
X-ray Thomson scattering in high energy density plasmas Glenzer, Siegfried H.; Redmer, Ronald Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 81, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.81.1625	journal	December 2009
Carrier dynamics in semiconductors studied with time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy Ulbricht, Ronald; Hendry, Euan; Shan, Jie Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 83, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.83.543	journal	June 2011
Photon diagnostics at the FLASH THz beamline Pan, Rui; Zapolnova, Ekaterina; Golz, Torsten Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, Vol. 26, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600577519003412	journal	April 2019
Evidence for phonon hardening in laser-excited gold using x-ray diffraction at a hard x-ray free electron laser Descamps, Adrien; Ofori-Okai, Benjamin K.; Bistoni, Oliviero Science Advances, Vol. 10, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adh5272	journal	February 2024
Shock compression of stishovite and melting of silica at planetary interior conditions Millot, M.; Dubrovinskaia, N.; ernok, A. Science, Vol. 347, Issue 6220 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1261507	journal	January 2015
Heterogeneous to homogeneous melting transition visualized with ultrafast electron diffraction Mo, M. Z.; Chen, Z.; Li, R. K. Science, Vol. 360, Issue 6396 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aar2058	journal	June 2018
Statistical-Mechanical Theory of Irreversible Processes. I. General Theory and Simple Applications to Magnetic and Conduction Problems Kubo, Ryogo Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, Vol. 12, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.12.570	journal	June 1957
Optical Properties of Lithium Fluoride in the Infrared* Gottlieb, Milton Journal of the Optical Society of America, Vol. 50, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSA.50.000343	journal	April 1960
Electro-optic detection of terahertz radiation Gallot, G.; Grischkowsky, D. Journal of the Optical Society of America B, Vol. 16, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.16.001204	journal	January 1999
Measurement and calculation of the orientation dependence of terahertz pulse detection in ZnTe Planken, Paul C. M.; Nienhuys, Han-Kwang; Bakker, Huib J. Journal of the Optical Society of America B, Vol. 18, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.18.000313	journal	January 2001
Full mathematical description of electro-optic detection in optically isotropic crystals van der Valk, Nick C. J.; Wenckebach, Tom; Planken, Paul C. M. Journal of the Optical Society of America B, Vol. 21, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.21.000622	journal	January 2004
Generation of high-power terahertz pulses by tilted-pulse-front excitation and their application possibilities Hebling, János; Yeh, Ka-Lo; Hoffmann, Matthias C. Journal of the Optical Society of America B, Vol. 25, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.25.0000B6	journal	January 2008
Comprehensive characterization of terahertz generation with the organic crystal BNA Tangen, Isaac C.; Valdivia-Berroeta, Gabriel A.; Heki, Larry K. Journal of the Optical Society of America B, Vol. 38, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.420597	journal	August 2021
THz generation using a reflective stair-step echelon Ofori-Okai, Benjamin K.; Sivarajah, Prasahnt; Ronny Huang, W. Optics Express, Vol. 24, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.24.005057	journal	January 2016
Self-referenced single-shot THz detection Russell, Brandon K.; Ofori-Okai, Benjamin K.; Chen, Zhijiang Optics Express, Vol. 25, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.25.016140	journal	January 2017
Frequency-domain interferometer for femtosecond time-resolved phase spectroscopy Tokunaga, E.; Kobayashi, T.; Terasaki, A. Optics Letters, Vol. 17, Issue 16, p. 1131-1133 https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.17.001131	journal	January 1992
Frequency-domain interferometer for measuring the phase and amplitude of a femtosecond pulse probing a laser-produced plasma Geindre, J. P.; Mysyrowicz, A.; Santos, A. Dos Optics Letters, Vol. 19, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.19.001997	journal	January 1994
Characterization of 700 μJ T rays generated during high-power laser solid interaction Gopal, A.; Singh, P.; Herzer, S. Optics Letters, Vol. 38, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.38.004705	journal	January 2013

Similar Records

Toward quasi-DC conductivity of warm dense matter measured by single-shot terahertz spectroscopy

Journal Article · 2018 · Review of Scientific Instruments · OSTI ID:1464270

Ofori-Okai, B. K.; Descamps, A.; Lu, J.; +4 more

Measurements of Terahertz Electrical Conductivity of Intense Laser-Heated Dense Aluminum Plasmas

Journal Article · 2008 · Physical Review Letters · OSTI ID:21123814

Kim, K Y; Yellampalle, B; Glownia, J H; +2 more

Ultrafast multi-cycle terahertz measurements of the electrical conductivity in strongly excited solids

Journal Article · 2021 · Nature Communications · OSTI ID:1764994

Chen, Zhijiang; Curry, Chandra B.; Zhang, Ruoheng; +22 more

Related Subjects

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY
75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS
SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY

Title: DC electrical conductivity measurements of warm dense matter using ultrafast THz radiation

Citation Formats

References (85)

Similar Records

Related Subjects