Fabrication of α-Fe2O3 Nanoparticles/g-C3N4 Direct Z-Scheme Heterojunction of Durable Photocatalytic Activity

Galán-González, Alejandro; Fernández, Isaías; Zaluzec, Nestor J.; Cambré, Sofie; Arenal, Raul; Benito, Ana M.; Maser, Wolfgang K.

doi:10.1021/acsanm.5c00991

Title: Fabrication of α-Fe₂O₃ Nanoparticles/g-C₃N₄ Direct Z-Scheme Heterojunction of Durable Photocatalytic Activity

Journal Article · 28 April 2025 · ACS Applied Nano Materials

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.5c00991 · OSTI ID:2563620

^[1]; Fernández, Isaías ^[1]; Zaluzec, Nestor J. ^[2];

^[3];

^[4];

^[1];

^[1]

Instituto de Carboquímica (ICB-CSIC), Zaragoza (Spain)
University of Chicago, Lemont, IL (United States)
University of Antwerp (Belgium)
CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza (Spain); Universidad de Zaragoza (Spain)

The fabrication of a nanohybrid photocatalyst that combines α-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles with graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) is reported. The ensuing direct Z-scheme heterojunction greatly boosts the photocatalytic activity of the α-Fe₂O₃/g-C₃N₄ nanohybrids. This results in organic dye degradation rates more than two times higher than its individual components, promoted by the efficient charge separation and transfer of the Z-scheme heterojunction mechanism of the nanohybrid photocatalyst. In addition, recyclability tests show an outstanding stability of the nanohybrids spanning five consecutive dye degradation experiments, during which the degradation rate is slightly improved. The origin of the improved photocatalytic performance of the nanohybrid lies in the intimate interaction between α-Fe₂O₃ and g-C₃N₄ afforded by the two-step fabrication process, which enables the direct and controlled growth of α-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles on g-C₃N₄. A first ultrasound impregnation step promotes the effective anchoring of stable Fe species via Fe–N and C–N/C–O bonding, while a second microwave phase conversion step induces the subsequent growth of α-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles on the g-C₃N₄ sheets. Careful control of the FeCl₃ precursor concentration up to a threshold value of 0.25 M during impregnation enables complete control over their size and phase. This approach clearly highlights the benefits of microwave reactor systems in the fabrication of hematite-based Z-scheme photocatalytic, overcoming the limitations of conventional thermal treatment technology.

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Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: Margarita Salas Postdoctoral Fellowship; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 2563620

Journal Information:: ACS Applied Nano Materials, Journal Name: ACS Applied Nano Materials Journal Issue: 18 Vol. 8; ISSN 2574-0970

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Z-scheme heterojunction
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graphitic carbon nitride
hematite nanoparticles
nanohybrids
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photocatalysts

Title: Fabrication of α-Fe2O3 Nanoparticles/g-C3N4 Direct Z-Scheme Heterojunction of Durable Photocatalytic Activity

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Title: Fabrication of α-Fe₂O₃ Nanoparticles/g-C₃N₄ Direct Z-Scheme Heterojunction of Durable Photocatalytic Activity