Project Dinos I: A joint lensing–dynamics constraint on the deviation from the power law in the mass profile of massive ellipticals

Tan, Chin Yi; Shajib, Anowar J.; Birrer, Simon; Sonnenfeld, Alessandro; Treu, Tommaso; Wells, Patrick; Williams, Devon; Buckley-Geer, Elizabeth J.; Drlica-Wagner, Alex; Frieman, Joshua

doi:10.1093/mnras/stae884

Title: Project Dinos I: A joint lensing–dynamics constraint on the deviation from the power law in the mass profile of massive ellipticals

Journal Article · 26 March 2024 · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae884 · OSTI ID:2563263

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Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States). Kavli Inst. for Cosmological Physics (KICP)
Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States)
Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ. (China); Leiden Univ. (Netherlands)
Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States)
Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States)
Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States). Kavli Inst. for Cosmological Physics (KICP); Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)

The mass distribution in massive elliptical galaxies encodes their evolutionary history, thus providing an avenue to constrain the baryonic astrophysics in their evolution. The power-law assumption for the radial mass profile in ellipticals has been sufficient to describe several observables to the noise level, including strong lensing and stellar dynamics. In this paper, we quantitatively constrained any deviation, or the lack thereof, from the power-law mass profile in massive ellipticals through joint lensing–dynamics analysis of a large statistical sample with 77 galaxy–galaxy lens systems. We performed an improved and uniform lens modelling of these systems from archival Hubble Space Telescope imaging using the automated lens modelling pipeline dolphin. We combined the lens model posteriors with the stellar dynamics to constrain the deviation from the power law after accounting for the line-of-sight lensing effects, a first for analyses on galaxy–galaxy lenses. We find that the Sloan Lens ACS Survey lens galaxies with a mean redshift of 0.2 are consistent with the power-law profile within 1.1σ (2.8σ) and the Strong Lensing Legacy Survey lens galaxies with a mean redshift of 0.6 are consistent within 0.8σ (2.1σ), for a spatially constant (Osipkov–Merritt) stellar anisotropy profile. We adopted the spatially constant anisotropy profile as our baseline choice based on previous dynamical observables of local ellipticals. However, spatially resolved stellar kinematics of lens galaxies are necessary to differentiate between the two anisotropy models. Future studies will use our lens models to constrain the mass distribution individually in the dark matter and baryonic components.

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Research Organization:: Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)

Grant/Contract Number:: 89243024CSC000002

OSTI ID:: 2563263

Report Number(s):: FERMILAB-PUB-23-0922-PPD; arXiv:2311.09307; oai:inspirehep.net:2913664

Journal Information:: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Journal Name: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 530; ISSN 0035-8711

Publisher:: Oxford University PressCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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The boss Emission-Line lens Survey. iv. Smooth lens Models for the Bells Gallery Sample Shu, Yiping; Bolton, Adam S.; Mao, Shude The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 833, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/833/2/264	journal	December 2016
deepCR: Cosmic Ray Rejection with Deep Learning Zhang, Keming; Bloom, Joshua S. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 889, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab3fa6	journal	January 2020
Finding Strong Gravitational Lenses in the DESI DECam Legacy Survey Huang, X.; Storfer, C.; Ravi, V. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 894, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab7ffb	journal	May 2020
Gravitational Lensing Formalism in a Curved Arc Basis: A Continuous Description of Observables and Degeneracies from the Weak to the Strong Lensing Regime Birrer, Simon The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 919, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac1108	journal	September 2021
The Hubble Constant from Strongly Lensed Supernovae with Standardizable Magnifications Birrer, Simon; Dhawan, Suhail; Shajib, Anowar J. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 924, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac323a	journal	January 2022
Identification of Galaxy–Galaxy Strong Lens Candidates in the DECam Local Volume Exploration Survey Using Machine Learning Zaborowski, E. A.; Drlica-Wagner, A.; Ashmead, F. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 954, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ace4ba	journal	August 2023
An Extended Catalog of Galaxy–Galaxy Strong Gravitational Lenses Discovered in DES Using Convolutional Neural Networks Jacobs, C.; Collett, T.; Glazebrook, K. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 243, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ab26b6	journal	July 2019
Could Quasar Lensing Time Delays Hint to a Core Component in Halos, Instead of H ₀ Tension? Blum, Kfir; Castorina, Emanuele; Simonović, Marko The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 892, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab8012	journal	April 2020
A Comprehensive Measurement of the Local Value of the Hubble Constant with 1 km s⁻¹ Mpc⁻¹ Uncertainty from the Hubble Space Telescope and the SH0ES Team Riess, Adam G.; Yuan, Wenlong; Macri, Lucas M. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 934, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac5c5b	journal	July 2022
New Strong Gravitational Lenses from the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys Data Release 9 Storfer, C.; Huang, X.; Gu, A. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2206.02764	text	January 2022
Strong Lensing by Galaxies Shajib, A. J.; Vernardos, G.; Collett, T. E. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2210.10790	text	January 2022
Strong gravitational lensing's 'external shear' is not shear Etherington, Amy; Nightingale, James W.; Massey, Richard arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2301.05244	preprint	January 2023
TDCOSMO XV: Population Analysis of Lines of Sight of 25 Strong Galaxy-Galaxy Lenses with Extreme Value Statistics Wells, Patrick R.; Fassnacht, Christopher D.; Birrer, Simon arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2403.10666	text	January 2024