Warming is Associated With More Encoded Antimicrobial Resistance Genes and Transcriptions Within Five Drug Classes in Soil Bacteria: A Case Study and Synthesis

Hacopian, Melanie T.; Barrón‐Sandoval, Alberto; Romero‐Olivares, Adriana L.; Berlemont, Renaud; Treseder, Kathleen K.

doi:10.1111/1462-2920.70097

Title: Warming is Associated With More Encoded Antimicrobial Resistance Genes and Transcriptions Within Five Drug Classes in Soil Bacteria: A Case Study and Synthesis

Journal Article · 21 April 2025 · Environmental Microbiology

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.70097 · OSTI ID:2561502

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Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California, Irvine Irvine California USA
Department of Biology New Mexico State University Las Cruces New Mexico USA
Department of Biological Sciences California State University, Long Beach Long Beach California USA

ABSTRACT The effect of warming on anti‐microbial resistance (AMR) genes in the environment has critical implications for public health but is little studied. We collected published soil bacterial genomes from the BV‐BRC database and tested the correlation between reported optimal growth temperature and the number of encoded AMR genes. Furthermore, we tested the relationship between temperature and AMR gene transcription in a natural ecosystem by analysing soil transcriptomes from a warming manipulation experiment in an Alaskan boreal forest. We hypothesised that there is a positive relationship between warming and AMR prevalence in gene content in bacterial genomes and transcriptomic sequences, and that this effect would vary by drug class. Regarding the bacterial genomes, we found a positive relationship between the fraction of encoded AMR genes and the reported optimal temperature of soil bacteria. The drug classes tetracycline and lincosamide/macrolide/streptogramin had the strongest positive relationship with reported optimal temperature. For the case study in a natural ecosystem, we found 61 significantly upregulated AMR gene‐associated transcripts spanning eight drug classes in warmed plots. In the Alaskan soil samples, we found that warming elicited the strongest positive effect on transcripts targeting lincosamide/streptogramin, beta‐lactam and phenicol/quinolone antibiotics. Overall, higher temperatures were linked to AMR gene prevalence.

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Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0025374

OSTI ID:: 2561502

Journal Information:: Environmental Microbiology, Journal Name: Environmental Microbiology Journal Issue: 4 Vol. 27; ISSN 1462-2912

Publisher:: Wiley-BlackwellCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

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