Achieving a large transverse emittance ratio in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider: Beam experiments, analytical estimates, and implications for the Electron-Ion Collider

Journal Article · 21 April 2025 · Physical Review Accelerators and Beams

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.28.041002 · OSTI ID:2561422

Luo, Y. ; Xu, D. ; Blackler, I. ; Blaskiewicz, M.; Marusic, A. ; Mernick, K. ; Montag, C. ; Shrey, T.

The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), to be built at Brookhaven National Laboratory, will collide a polarized high-energy electron beam with polarized proton and light ion beams in the center-of-mass energy range of 20–140 GeV, achieving a maximum peak luminosity of up to $1\times {10}^{34}{\text{cm}}^{-2}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ for the proton and electron collisions. To achieve such a high luminosity, the EIC will employ small, flat beams at the interaction point, which requires a transverse emittance ratio of about 11:1. Since 2017, we have carried out a series of beam experiments to test the feasibility of achieving such a large emittance ratio in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Thanks to the existing stochastic cooling and decoupling feedback system in RHIC, we successfully demonstrated a large transverse emittance ratio of 11:1 with gold ion beams in 2023. In this article, we will present more details and data analysis for these experiments, along with analytical estimates and numerical multiparticle simulations, and provide an outlook for future EIC coupling compensation. Published by the American Physical Society 2025

• Research Organization: Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
• Sponsoring Organization: USDOE; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)
• Grant/Contract Number: AC05-06OR23177; SC0012704
• OSTI ID: 2561422
• Report Number(s): BNL-228158-2025-JAAM; 041002
• Journal Information: Physical Review Accelerators and Beams, Journal Name: Physical Review Accelerators and Beams Journal Issue: 4 Vol. 28; ISSN 2469-9888; ISSN PRABCJ
• Publisher: American Physical SocietyCopyright Statement
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English