Unifying simulation and inference with normalizing flows

Journal Article · 10 April 2025 · Physical Review. D.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.111.076004 · OSTI ID:2554055

Du, Haoxing ; Krause, Claudius ; Mikuni, Vinicius ; Nachman, Benjamin ; Pang, Ian ; Shih, David

There have been many applications of deep neural networks to detector calibrations and a growing number of studies that propose deep generative models as automated fast detector simulators. We show that these two tasks can be unified by using maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) from conditional generative models for energy regression. Unlike direct regression techniques, the MLE approach is prior independent and non-Gaussian resolutions can be determined from the shape of the likelihood near the maximum. Using an ATLAS-like calorimeter simulation, we demonstrate this concept in the context of calorimeter energy calibration. Published by the American Physical Society 2025

• Research Organization: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
• Sponsoring Organization: US Department of Energy; USDOE; USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP) (SC-25)
• Grant/Contract Number: AC02-05CH11231
• OSTI ID: 2554055
• Journal Information: Physical Review. D., Journal Name: Physical Review. D. Journal Issue: 7 Vol. 111; ISSN PRVDAQ; ISSN 2470-0010
• Publisher: American Physical SocietyCopyright Statement
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English