Fault-tolerant optical interconnects for neutral-atom arrays

Journal Article · Tue Mar 25 00:00:00 UTC 2025 · Physical Review Research

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.7.013313 · OSTI ID:2538720

Sinclair, Josiah ; Ramette, Joshua; Grinkemeyer, Brandon; Bluvstein, Dolev ; Lukin, Mikhail D.; Vuletić, Vladan

We analyze the use of photonic links to enable large-scale fault-tolerant connectivity of locally error-corrected modules based on neutral atom arrays. Our approach makes use of recent theoretical results showing the robustness of surface codes to boundary noise and combines recent experimental advances in atom-array quantum computing with logical qubits with optical quantum networking techniques. We find the conditions for fault tolerance can be achieved with local two-qubit Rydberg gate and nonlocal Bell-pair errors below 1% and 10%, respectively, without requiring distillation or space-time overheads. Realizing the interconnects with a lens, a single optical cavity, or an array of cavities enables—with sufficient multiplexing—a Bell-pair generation rate in the 1–50 MHz range. When directly interfacing logical qubits, this rate translates to error-correction cycles in the 25–2000 kHz range, satisfying all requirements for fault tolerance and in the upper range fast enough for 100 kHz logical clock cycles. Published by the American Physical Society 2025

• Sponsoring Organization: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
• Grant/Contract Number: AC02-05CH11231
• OSTI ID: 2538720
• Journal Information: Physical Review Research, Journal Name: Physical Review Research Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 7; ISSN PPRHAI; ISSN 2643-1564
• Publisher: American Physical SocietyCopyright Statement
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English