Exploring the Three-Dimensional Momentum Distribution of Longitudinally Polarized Quarks in the Proton

Bacchetta, Alessandro; Bongallino, Alessia; Cerutti, Matteo; Radici, Marco; Rossi, Lorenzo

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.134.121901

Title: Exploring the Three-Dimensional Momentum Distribution of Longitudinally Polarized Quarks in the Proton

Journal Article · 25 March 2025 · Physical Review Letters

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.134.121901 · OSTI ID:2538703

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Università di Pavia (Italy); Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Pavia (Italy)
University of the Basque Country, Leioa (Spain)
Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA (United States); Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF), Newport News, VA (United States)
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Pavia (Italy)

By analyzing experimental data on semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering off longitudinally polarized targets, we extract the transverse momentum dependence of the quark helicity distribution, i.e., the difference between the three-dimensional motion of quarks with polarization parallel or antiparallel to the longitudinal polarization of the parent hadron. We perform the analysis at next-to-leading and next-to-next-to-leading perturbative accuracy. The quality of the fit is very good for both cases, reaching a χ² per number of data points equal to 1.11 and 1.09, respectively. Although the limited number of data points leads to significant uncertainties, the data are consistent with an interpretation in which the helicity distribution is narrower in transverse momentum than the unpolarized distribution.

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Research Organization:: Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF), Newport News, VA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: European Union (EU); USDOE; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)

Contributing Organization:: MAP Collaboration

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-06OR23177

OSTI ID:: 2538703

Report Number(s):: DOE/OR/23177-7695; JLAB-THY--24-4204

Journal Information:: Physical Review Letters, Journal Name: Physical Review Letters Journal Issue: 12 Vol. 134; ISSN 0031-9007

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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