Performance and Durability of Hybrid Fuel Cell Systems for Class-8 Long Haul Trucks

Ahluwalia, R. K.; Wang, X.

doi:10.1149/1945-7111/ad300f

Title: Performance and Durability of Hybrid Fuel Cell Systems for Class-8 Long Haul Trucks

Journal Article · 13 March 2024 · Journal of the Electrochemical Society

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad300f · OSTI ID:2536687

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Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Hybrid fuel cell-battery configurations are investigated that overcome thermal management issues in fuel cell powertrains for heavy-duty Class 8 trucks. The battery is sized so that it has sufficient capacity to provide supplemental power and energy on a hill climb transient at end-of-life. A dynamic load sharing strategy is developed to distribute the power demand between the fuel cell system (FCS) and the energy storage system in a manner that optimizes their lifetimes. The FCS end-of-life is identified as the terminal point beyond which the stack cannot generate the rated power with target power density at 0.7 V and 40 °C ambient temperature. Reaching the target lifetime with a-Pt/C cathode catalyst in one hybrid configuration requires voltage clipping to 813 mV, idle power limited to 50 kW, catalyst overloading to 0.45 mg cm^-2 total Pt in anode and cathode, and 44% active membrane area oversizing. The stack and FCS drive cycle efficiencies decrease by 4.2% and 5.4%, respectively, during the electrode lifetime. Further, the FCS performance, durability and cost are compared with the targets of 68% peak efficiency, 0.30 mg cm^-2 total Pt loading, 2.5 kW/g_PGM Pt group metal (PGM) loading, 750 mW cm^-2 power density, 25,000-h lifetime and $80/kW cost.

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Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Office of Sustainable Transportation. Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technologies Office (HFTO)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 2536687

Journal Information:: Journal of the Electrochemical Society, Journal Name: Journal of the Electrochemical Society Journal Issue: 3 Vol. 171; ISSN 0013-4651

Publisher:: IOP PublishingCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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