Particle-based high-temperature thermochemical energy storage reactors

Zhao, Jian; Korba, David; Mishra, Ashreet; Klausner, James; Randhir, Kelvin; AuYeung, Nick; Li, Like

doi:10.1016/j.pecs.2024.101143

Title: Particle-based high-temperature thermochemical energy storage reactors

Journal Article · 07 February 2024 · Progress in Energy and Combustion Science

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2024.101143 · OSTI ID:2530300

Zhao, Jian ^[1]; Korba, David ^[2]; Mishra, Ashreet ^[2]; Klausner, James ^[3]; Randhir, Kelvin ^[4]; AuYeung, Nick ^[5];

^[6]

Mississippi State University, MS (United States); University of Central Florida
Mississippi State University, MS (United States)
Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI (United States); RedoxBlox, Inc., San Diego, CA (United States)
RedoxBlox, Inc., San Diego, CA (United States)
Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR (United States)
Mississippi State University, MS (United States); University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL (United States)

Solar and other renewable energy driven gas-solid thermochemical energy storage (TCES) technology is a promising solution for the next generation energy storage systems due to its high operating temperature, efficient energy conversion, ultra-long storage duration, and potential high energy density. Experimental and theoretical studies suggest that the respective gravimetric and volumetric TCES energy storage densities vary from 200 to 3000 kJ kg^–1 and 1–3 GJ m^–3. Solar radiation or heat generated from electric furnaces powered by renewable electricity can be stored in the form of chemical energy through endothermic reactions, while the stored chemical energy can be converted to thermal energy via an exothermic reaction when needed. The design of highly effective reactors requires a deep understanding of materials, thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, and transport phenomena. At time of writing, TCES reactors are yet to be deployed at commercially relevant scales, leaving a substantial gap between development efforts and commercial feasibility. Therefore, this review aims to examine the state-of-the-art design and performance of particle-based TCES reactors with different reactive materials. Fundamentals related to TCES reactive materials, reaction conditions, thermodynamics and kinetics, and transport phenomena are reviewed in detail to provide a comprehensive understanding of the reactor design and operation. Five major types of TCES reactors have been comprehensively reviewed and compared, including fixed, moving, rotary, fluidized, and entrained bed reactors. Most reported prototype reactors in the literature operate at lab scale with thermal inputs below 40 kW, and scaled TCES reactors (e.g., at megawatt level) are yet to be demonstrated. The nominal reactor operating temperatures range from 300 to 1500 °C, depending on the selected chemistry, reactive material, and heat sources. To evaluate their designs, the reactors are assessed in aspects of performance, cost, and durability. Discrepancies in performance indicators of energy storage density, extent of reaction, and various energy efficiencies are highlighted. The scale-up of reactors and power block integration, which hold the key to the successful commercialization of TCES systems, are critically analyzed. Furthermore, advanced materials (both reactive materials and ceramic reactor housing materials), effective particle flow control, advanced modeling tools, and novel system design may bring significant improvement to the energy efficiency, storage density and cost competitiveness of particle-based TCES reactors.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Renewable Power Office. Solar Energy Technologies Office; U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: EE0008992

OSTI ID:: 2530300

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2293606

Journal Information:: Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, Journal Name: Progress in Energy and Combustion Science Vol. 102; ISSN 0360-1285

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (182)

Modeling heat exchangers with an open source DEM-based code for granular flows Johnson, Evan F.; Tarı, İlker; Baker, Derek Solar Energy, Vol. 228 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2021.09.067	journal	November 2021
High-efficiency thermodynamic power cycles for concentrated solar power systems Dunham, Marc T.; Iverson, Brian D. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 30 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.11.010	journal	February 2014
Power generation based on the Ca(OH)2/ CaO thermochemical storage system – Experimental investigation of discharge operation modes in lab scale and corresponding conceptual process design Schmidt, Matthias; Linder, Marc Applied Energy, Vol. 203 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.06.063	journal	October 2017
Proof of concept of the CaO/Ca(OH)2 reaction in a continuous heat-exchanger BFB reactor for thermochemical heat storage in CSP plants Rougé, Sylvie; Criado, Yolanda A.; Huille, Arthur AIP Conference Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4984454	conference	January 2017
A review of material screening in pure and mixed-metal oxide thermochemical energy storage (TCES) systems for concentrated solar power (CSP) applications Dizaji, Hossein Beidaghy; Hosseini, Hannaneh Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 98 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.09.004	journal	December 2018
System value and progress of CSP Gauché, Paul; Rudman, Justine; Mabaso, Mbalenhle Solar Energy, Vol. 152 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2017.03.072	journal	August 2017
Investigations on thermochemical energy storage based on technical grade manganese-iron oxide in a lab-scale packed bed reactor Wokon, Michael; Kohzer, Andreas; Linder, Marc Solar Energy, Vol. 153 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2017.05.034	journal	September 2017
Design and demonstration of a high temperature solar-heated rotary tube reactor for continuous particles calcination Abanades, Stéphane; André, Laurie Applied Energy, Vol. 212 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.01.019	journal	February 2018
A novel fluidized bed “thermochemical battery” for energy storage in concentrated solar thermal technologies Padula, Stefano; Tregambi, Claudio; Solimene, Roberto Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 236 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2021.113994	journal	May 2021
Alternative designs of parabolic trough solar collectors Bellos, Evangelos; Tzivanidis, Christos Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, Vol. 71 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2018.11.001	journal	March 2019
Progress in beam-down solar concentrating systems Bellos, Evangelos Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, Vol. 97 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2023.101085	journal	July 2023
Numerical investigation of heat transfer for elliptical tube in granular flow using DEM Tan, Zhoutuo; Guo, Zhigang; Yang, Jian Energy Procedia, Vol. 158 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2019.01.595	journal	February 2019
Control strategy for actual constraints during the start–stop process of a supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle Wang, Rui; Li, Xinyu; Qin, Zheng Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 226 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2023.120289	journal	May 2023
Design and simulation of a solar chemical reactor for the thermal reduction of metal oxides: Case study of zinc oxide dissociation Abanades, Stéphane; Charvin, Patrice; Flamant, Gilles Chemical Engineering Science, Vol. 62, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2007.07.042	journal	November 2007
Design and experimental investigation of a horizontal rotary reactor for the solar thermal production of lime Meier, Anton; Bonaldi, Enrico; Cella, Gian Mario Energy, Vol. 29, Issue 5-6 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0360-5442(03)00187-7	journal	April 2004
High Temperature Flow Visualization and Aerodynamic Window Protection of a 100-kWth Solar Thermochemical Receiver-reactor for ZnO Dissociation Koepf, E.; Villasmil, W.; Meier, A. Energy Procedia, Vol. 69 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.03.148	journal	May 2015
CO2 capture from atmospheric air via consecutive CaO-carbonation and CaCO3-calcination cycles in a fluidized-bed solar reactor Nikulshina, V.; Gebald, C.; Steinfeld, A. Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 146, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2008.06.005	journal	February 2009
Scale-up of bubbling fluidized bed reactors — A review Rüdisüli, Martin; Schildhauer, Tilman J.; Biollaz, Serge M. A. Powder Technology, Vol. 217 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2011.10.004	journal	February 2012
Energy storage systems: a review Mitali, J.; Dhinakaran, S.; Mohamad, A. A. Energy Storage and Saving, Vol. 1, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enss.2022.07.002	journal	September 2022
Development of fluidized catalytic reactors: Screening and scale‐up Kelkar, Vaibhav V.; Ng, Ka M. AIChE Journal, Vol. 48, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.690480714	journal	July 2002
Review of Reactors with Potential Use in Thermochemical Energy Storage in Concentrated Solar Power Plants Zsembinszki, Gabriel; Solé, Aran; Barreneche, Camila Energies, Vol. 11, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.3390/en11092358	journal	September 2018
Thermal energy storage technologies and systems for concentrating solar power plants Kuravi, Sarada; Trahan, Jamie; Goswami, D. Yogi Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, Vol. 39, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2013.02.001	journal	August 2013
The effect of the gas–solid contacting pattern in a high-temperature thermochemical energy storage on the performance of a concentrated solar power plant Ströhle, S.; Haselbacher, A.; Jovanovic, Z. R. Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 9, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1039/C5EE03204K	journal	January 2016
Exergy Analysis of Concentrated Solar Power Plants with Thermochemical Energy Storage Based on Calcium Looping Chen, Xiaoyi; Jin, Xiaogang; Ling, Xiang ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, Vol. 8, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c01586	journal	May 2020
Further advances toward the development of a direct heating solar thermal chemical reactor for the thermal dissociation of ZnO(s) Müller, Reto; Haeberling, Peter; Palumbo, Robert D. Solar Energy, Vol. 80, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2005.04.015	journal	May 2006
Tremper–A Versatile Tool for High-Temperature Chemical Reactivity Studies under Concentrated Solar Radiation Frey, Th.; Steiner, E.; Wuillemin, D. Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, Vol. 123, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1351810	journal	December 2000
Particle residence time distributions in a vortex-based solar particle receiver-reactor: An experimental, numerical and theoretical study Davis, Dominic; Troiano, Maurizio; Chinnici, Alfonso Chemical Engineering Science, Vol. 214 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2019.115421	journal	March 2020
A novel beam-down, gravity-fed, solar thermochemical receiver/reactor for direct solid particle decomposition: Design, modeling, and experimentation Koepf, Erik; Advani, Suresh G.; Steinfeld, Aldo International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 37, Issue 22, p. 16871-16887 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.08.086	journal	November 2012
Solar-heated rotary kiln for thermochemical energy storage Neises, M.; Tescari, S.; de Oliveira, L. Solar Energy, Vol. 86, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2012.07.012	journal	October 2012
Numerical Investigations of a Counter-Current Moving Bed Reactor for Thermochemical Energy Storage at High Temperatures Preisner, Nicole Carina; Bürger, Inga; Wokon, Michael Energies, Vol. 13, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.3390/en13030772	journal	February 2020
Development of a Moving Bed Reactor for Thermochemical Heat Storage Based on Granulated Ca(OH)2 Cosquillo Mejia, Aldo; Afflerbach, Sandra; Linder, Marc Processes, Vol. 10, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10091680	journal	August 2022
Thermal reduction of iron–manganese oxide particles in a high-temperature packed-bed solar thermochemical reactor Wang, Bo; Li, Lifeng; Schäfer, Florian Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 412 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.128255	journal	May 2021
Design and techno-economic analysis of a fluidized bed-based CaO/Ca(OH)2 thermochemical energy combined storage/discharge plant with concentrated solar power Ghosh, Shiladitya; Fennell, Paul S. SOLARPACES 2019: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0028487	conference	January 2020
Solar electricity via an Air Brayton cycle with an integrated two-step thermochemical cycle for heat storage based on Co3O4/CoO redox reactions III: Solar thermochemical reactor design and modeling Schrader, Andrew J.; De Dominicis, Gianmarco; Schieber, Garrett L. Solar Energy, Vol. 150 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2017.05.003	journal	July 2017
Investigation into SrO/SrCO3 for high temperature thermochemical energy storage Bagherisereshki, Elham; Tran, Justin; Lei, Fuqiong Solar Energy, Vol. 160 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2017.11.073	journal	January 2018
Thermal model for the optimization of a solar rotary kiln to be used as high temperature thermochemical reactor Tescari, Stefania; Neises, Martina; de Oliveira, Lamark Solar Energy, Vol. 95 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2013.06.021	journal	September 2013
Solar Energy on Demand: A Review on High Temperature Thermochemical Heat Storage Systems and Materials Carrillo, Alfonso J.; González-Aguilar, José; Romero, Manuel Chemical Reviews, Vol. 119, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00315	journal	March 2019
Solar Thermochemical CO ₂ Splitting Utilizing a Reticulated Porous Ceria Redox System Furler, Philipp; Scheffe, Jonathan; Gorbar, Michal Energy & Fuels, Vol. 26, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/ef3013757	journal	October 2012
Design analysis of a particle-based thermal energy storage system for concentrating solar power or grid energy storage Ma, Zhiwen; Davenport, Patrick; Zhang, Ruichong Journal of Energy Storage, Vol. 29 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2020.101382	journal	June 2020
Calibration of parameters for DEM simulations of solar particle receivers by bulk experiments and surrogate functions Grobbel, Johannes; Brendelberger, Stefan; Henninger, Matthias Powder Technology, Vol. 364 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2019.11.028	journal	March 2020
Hybrid solar power plant with thermochemical energy storage: A multi-objective operational optimisation Bravo, R.; Ortiz, C.; Chacartegui, R. Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 205 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2019.112421	journal	February 2020
Economical optimization of thermochemical storage in concentrated solar power plants via pre-scenarios Salas, D.; Tapachès, E.; Mazet, N. Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 174 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2018.08.079	journal	October 2018
Review on gas-solid fluidized bed particle solar receivers applied in concentrated solar applications: Materials, configurations and methodologies Jiang, Kaijun; Du, Xiaoze; Zhang, Qiang Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 150 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.111479	journal	October 2021
Transient discrete-granule packed-bed reactor model for thermochemical energy storage Ströhle, Stefan; Haselbacher, Andreas; Jovanovic, Zoran R. Chemical Engineering Science, Vol. 117 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2014.07.009	journal	September 2014
A review on high‐temperature thermochemical heat storage: Particle reactors and materials based on solid–gas reactions Bellan, Selvan; Kodama, Tatsuya; Gokon, Nobuyuki WIREs Energy and Environment, Vol. 11, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/wene.440	journal	May 2022
Reduction of iron–manganese oxide particles in a lab-scale packed-bed reactor for thermochemical energy storage Hamidi, Marziyeh; Wheeler, Vincent M.; Gao, Xiang Chemical Engineering Science, Vol. 221 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2020.115700	journal	August 2020
Thermochemical energy storage via isothermal carbonation-calcination cycles of MgO-stabilized SrO in the range of 1000–1100 °C Gigantino, Marco; Kiwic, David; Steinfeld, Aldo Solar Energy, Vol. 188 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2019.06.046	journal	August 2019
Scale-up concept for modular microstructured reactors based on mixing, heat transfer, and reactor safety Kockmann, Norbert; Roberge, Dominique M. Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, Vol. 50, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2011.05.021	journal	October 2011
Pilot-scale solar reactor operation and characterization for fuel production via the Zn/ZnO thermochemical cycle Koepf, E.; Villasmil, W.; Meier, A. Applied Energy, Vol. 165 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.12.106	journal	March 2016
Energy and exergy analysis of the integration of concentrated solar power with calcium looping for power production and thermochemical energy storage Karasavvas, Evgenios; Panopoulos, Kyriakos D.; Papadopoulou, Simira Renewable Energy, Vol. 154 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2020.03.018	journal	July 2020
Development of a moving bed pilot plant for thermochemical energy storage with CaO/Ca(OH)2 Schmidt, Matthias; Gollsch, Marie; Giger, Franz SOLARPACES 2015: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems, AIP Conference Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4949139	conference	January 2016
Thermal and optical efficiency investigation of a parabolic trough collector Tzivanidis, C.; Bellos, E.; Korres, D. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, Vol. 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2015.10.005	journal	September 2015
Concentrating solar thermal power and thermochemical fuels Romero, Manuel; Steinfeld, Aldo Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 5, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1039/c2ee21275g	journal	January 2012
Gas–solid thermochemical heat storage reactors for high-temperature applications Pan, Z. H.; Zhao, C. Y. Energy, Vol. 130 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.04.102	journal	July 2017
Solar energy in progress and future research trends Şen, Zekai Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, Vol. 30, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2004.02.004	journal	January 2004
Techno-economic assessment of solid–gas thermochemical energy storage systems for solar thermal power applications Bayon, Alicia; Bader, Roman; Jafarian, Mehdi Energy, Vol. 149 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.11.084	journal	April 2018
Solar thermal decomposition kinetics of ZnO in the temperature range 1950–2400K Möller, S.; Palumbo, R. Chemical Engineering Science, Vol. 56, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2509(01)00113-0	journal	August 2001
High Performance Reduction/Oxidation Metal Oxides for Thermochemical Energy Storage (PROMOTES) Miller, James E.; Ambrosini, Andrea; Babiniec, Sean M. ASME 2016 10th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2016 Power Conference and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, Volume 1: Biofuels, Hydrogen, Syngas, and Alternate Fuels; CHP and Hybrid Power and Energy Systems; Concentrating Solar Power; Energy Storage; Environmental, Economic, and Policy Considerations of Advanced Energy Systems; Geothermal, Ocean, and Emerging Energy Technologies; Photovoltaics; Posters; Solar Chemistry; Sustainable Building Energy Systems; Sustainable Infrastructure and Transportation; Thermodynamic Analysis of Energy Systems; Wind Energy Systems and Technologies https://doi.org/10.1115/ES2016-59660	conference	November 2016
Revisiting the BaO ₂ /BaO redox cycle for solar thermochemical energy storage Carrillo, A. J.; Sastre, D.; Serrano, D. P. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1039/C5CP07777J	journal	January 2016
Thermal dissociation of compressed ZnO and SnO₂ powders in a moving‐front solar thermochemical reactor Chambon, Marc; Abanades, Stéphane; Flamant, Gilles AIChE Journal, Vol. 57, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.12432	journal	November 2010
A transient heat transfer model for high temperature solar thermochemical reactors Li, Like; Chen, Chen; Singh, Abhishek International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 41, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.11.079	journal	January 2016
Experimental evaluation of a pilot-scale thermochemical storage system for a concentrated solar power plant Tescari, S.; Singh, A.; Agrafiotis, C. Applied Energy, Vol. 189 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.12.032	journal	March 2017
A cavity-receiver containing a tubular absorber for high-temperature thermochemical processing using concentrated solar energy Melchior, Tom; Perkins, Christopher; Weimer, Alan W. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, Vol. 47, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2007.12.003	journal	November 2008
Bench-scale demonstration of thermochemical energy storage using the Magnesium-Manganese-Oxide redox system Rahmatian, N.; Bo, A.; Randhir, K. Journal of Energy Storage, Vol. 45 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2021.103682	journal	January 2022
Optimizing the CSP-Calcium Looping integration for Thermochemical Energy Storage Alovisio, A.; Chacartegui, R.; Ortiz, C. Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 136 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2016.12.093	journal	March 2017
Technoeconomic Analysis of Alternative Solarized s-CO2 Brayton Cycle Configurations Ho, Clifford K.; Carlson, Matthew; Garg, Pardeep Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, Vol. 138, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4033573	journal	July 2016
Scale up of chemical reactors Donati, Gianni; Paludetto, Renato Catalysis Today, Vol. 34, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0920-5861(96)00069-7	journal	February 1997
Thermochemical energy storage in strontium-doped calcium manganites for concentrating solar power applications Imponenti, Luca; Albrecht, Kevin J.; Wands, Jake W. Solar Energy, Vol. 151 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2017.05.010	journal	July 2017
Continuum modeling of high-temperature (>1000 °C) heat extraction from a moving-bed oxidation reactor for thermochemical energy storage Korba, David; Hayes, Michael; Schimmels, Philipp Journal of Energy Storage, Vol. 82 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2024.110579	journal	March 2024
The cyclone reactor — an atmospheric open solar reactor Imhof, Arthur Solar Energy Materials, Vol. 24, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1633(91)90106-U	journal	December 1991
Measurement of flow properties coupled to experimental and numerical analyses of dense, granular flows for solar thermal energy storage Bagepalli, Malavika V.; Yarrington, Justin D.; Schrader, Andrew J. Solar Energy, Vol. 207 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2020.06.062	journal	September 2020
Zero carbon solid-state rechargeable redox fuel for long duration and seasonal storage Randhir, Kelvin; Hayes, Michael; Schimmels, Philipp Joule, Vol. 6, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2022.10.003	journal	November 2022
Cobalt/cobaltous oxide based honeycombs for thermochemical heat storage in future concentrated solar power installations: Multi-cyclic assessment and semi-quantitative heat effects estimations Karagiannakis, George; Pagkoura, Chrysoula; Halevas, Eleftherios Solar Energy, Vol. 133 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2016.04.032	journal	August 2016
High-temperature heat recovery from a solar reactor for the thermochemical redox splitting of H2O and CO2 Lidor, Alon; Aschwanden, Yves; Häseli, Jamina Applied Energy, Vol. 329 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120211	journal	January 2023
New insights into Mn2O3 based metal oxide granulation technique with enhanced chemical and mechanical stability for thermochemical energy storage in packed bed reactors Bielsa, Daniel; Oregui, Mikel; Arias, Pedro L. Solar Energy, Vol. 241 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2022.06.010	journal	July 2022
Thermodynamic and kinetic investigation of a technical grade manganese-iron binary oxide for thermochemical energy storage Wokon, Michael; Block, Tina; Nicolai, Sven Solar Energy, Vol. 153 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2017.05.045	journal	September 2017
Solar hydrogen production with cerium oxides thermochemical cycle Binotti, Marco; Di Marcoberardino, Gioele; Biassoni, Mauro AIP Conference Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4984459	conference	January 2017
Challenges and opportunities of Rankine cycle for waste heat recovery from internal combustion engine Tian, Hua; Liu, Peng; Shu, Gequn Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, Vol. 84 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2021.100906	journal	May 2021
High-Flux Solar-Driven Thermochemical Dissociation of CO2 and H2O Using Nonstoichiometric Ceria Chueh, W. C.; Falter, C.; Abbott, M. Science, Vol. 330, Issue 6012 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1197834	journal	December 2010
Thermochemical two-step water-splitting reactor with internally circulating fluidized bed for thermal reduction of ferrite particles Gokon, N.; Takahashi, S.; Yamamoto, H. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 33, Issue 9, p. 2189-2199 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.02.044	journal	May 2008
Redox cycles with doped calcium manganites for thermochemical energy storage to 1000 °C Imponenti, Luca; Albrecht, Kevin J.; Kharait, Rounak Applied Energy, Vol. 230 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.08.044	journal	November 2018
A review of potential materials for thermal energy storage in building applications Tatsidjodoung, Parfait; Le Pierrès, Nolwenn; Luo, Lingai Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 18 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2012.10.025	journal	February 2013
A review of solar collectors and thermal energy storage in solar thermal applications Tian, Y.; Zhao, C. Y. Applied Energy, Vol. 104 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.11.051	journal	April 2013
A critical review of high-temperature reversible thermochemical energy storage systems Sunku Prasad, J.; Muthukumar, P.; Desai, Fenil Applied Energy, Vol. 254 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.113733	journal	November 2019
Integration of a thermochemical energy storage system in a Rankine cycle driven by concentrating solar power: Energy and exergy analyses Pelay, Ugo; Luo, Lingai; Fan, Yilin Energy, Vol. 167 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.10.163	journal	January 2019
Experimental results of a 10 kW high temperature thermochemical storage reactor based on calcium hydroxide Schmidt, Matthias; Szczukowski, Christoph; Roßkopf, Christian Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 62, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2013.09.020	journal	January 2014
Demonstration of a Solar Reactor for Carbon Dioxide Splitting via the Isothermal Ceria Redox Cycle and Practical Implications Hathaway, Brandon J.; Bala Chandran, Rohini; Gladen, Adam C. Energy & Fuels, Vol. 30, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b01265	journal	July 2016
A continuum model for heat and mass transfer in moving-bed reactors for thermochemical energy storage Korba, David; Huang, Wei; Randhir, Kelvin Applied Energy, Vol. 313 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.118842	journal	May 2022
Conceptual process design of a CaO/Ca(OH) 2 thermochemical energy storage system using fluidized bed reactors Criado, Y. A.; Alonso, M.; Abanades, J. C. Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 73, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2014.08.065	journal	December 2014
Kinetic modelling of the first step of Mn2O3/MnO thermochemical cycle for solar hydrogen production Botas, J. A.; Marugán, J.; Molina, R. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 37, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.09.114	journal	December 2012
Thermochemical reduction modeling in a high-temperature moving-bed reactor for energy storage: 1D model Huang, Wei; Korba, David; Randhir, Kelvin Applied Energy, Vol. 306 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.118009	journal	January 2022
Solar fuels production: Two-step thermochemical cycles with cerium-based oxides Lu, Youjun; Zhu, Liya; Agrafiotis, Christos Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, Vol. 75 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2019.100785	journal	November 2019
Progress in CFD Simulations of Fluidized Beds for Chemical and Energy Process Engineering Alobaid, Falah; Almohammed, Naser; Massoudi Farid, Massoud Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, Vol. 91 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2021.100930	journal	July 2022
Oxygen exchange materials for solar thermochemical splitting of H2O and CO2: a review Scheffe, Jonathan R.; Steinfeld, Aldo Materials Today, Vol. 17, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mattod.2014.04.025	journal	September 2014
A solar tower fuel plant for the thermochemical production of kerosene from H2O and CO2 Zoller, Stefan; Koepf, Erik; Nizamian, Dustin Joule, Vol. 6, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2022.06.012	journal	July 2022
Experimental Investigation of an Atmospheric-Open Cyclone Solar Reactor for Solid-Gas Thermochemical Reactions Steinfeld, A.; Imhof, A.; Mischler, D. Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, Vol. 114, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2930001	journal	August 1992
Design considerations for commercial scale particle-based thermal energy storage systems Sment, Jeremy N.; Harvey, Timothy; Albrecht, Kevin J. AIP Conference Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0086995	conference	January 2022
Kinetics and Mechanism of Thermal Dehydration of KMnPO₄·H₂O in a Nitrogen Atmosphere Noisong, Pittayagorn; Danvirutai, Chanaiporn Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Vol. 49, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/ie900993f	journal	March 2010
An in-depth investigation of BaO2/BaO redox oxides for reversible solar thermochemical energy storage Lei, Fuqiong; Dyall, Alexander; AuYeung, Nick Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 223 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2021.110957	journal	May 2021
Numerical investigation of nonisothermal reduction of hematite using Syngas: the shaft scale study Valipour, Mohammad Sadegh; Saboohi, Yadollah Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 15, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1088/0965-0393/15/5/008	journal	July 2007
Experimental study of CaO/Ca(OH)2 in a fixed-bed reactor for thermochemical heat storage Yan, J.; Zhao, C. Y. Applied Energy, Vol. 175 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.05.038	journal	August 2016
Overview and design basis for the Gen 3 Particle Pilot Plant (G3P3) Ho, Clifford K.; Albrecht, Kevin J.; Yue, Lindsey SOLARPACES 2019: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0029216	conference	January 2020
Continuum theory for dense gas-solid flow: A state-of-the-art review Wang, Junwu Chemical Engineering Science, Vol. 215 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2019.115428	journal	April 2020
Sorption thermal storage for solar energy Yu, N.; Wang, R. Z.; Wang, L. W. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, Vol. 39, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2013.05.004	journal	October 2013
A lab-scale rotary kiln for thermal treatment of particulate materials under high concentrated solar radiation: Experimental assessment and transient numerical modeling Gallo, Alessandro; Alonso, Elisa; Pérez-Rábago, Carlos Solar Energy, Vol. 188 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2019.07.006	journal	August 2019
Aluminum-doped calcium manganite particles for solar thermochemical energy storage: Reactor design, particle characterization, and heat and mass transfer modeling Schrader, Andrew J.; Bush, H. Evan; Ranjan, Devesh International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 152 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2020.119461	journal	May 2020
Thermochemical two-step water splitting by internally circulating fluidized bed of NiFe2O4 particles: Successive reaction of thermal-reduction and water-decomposition steps Gokon, Nobuyuki; Mataga, Tetsuro; Kondo, Nobuyuki International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 36, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.01.076	journal	April 2011
Performance comparison of different thermodynamic cycles for an innovative central receiver solar power plant Reyes-Belmonte, Miguel A.; Sebastián, Andrés; González-Aguilar, José AIP Conference Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4984558	conference	January 2017
Thermochemical hydrogen production from a two-step solar-driven water-splitting cycle based on cerium oxides Abanades, Stéphane; Flamant, Gilles Solar Energy, Vol. 80, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2005.12.005	journal	December 2006
100-Wh Multi-purpose Particle Reactor for Thermochemical Heat Storage in Concentrating Solar Power Plants. Miguel, S. Álvarez de; Gonzalez-Aguilar, J.; Romero, M. Energy Procedia, Vol. 49 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.03.073	journal	January 2014
High-Temperature Thermochemical Heat Storage via the CuO/Cu₂O Redox Cycle: From Material Synthesis to Packed-Bed Reactor Engineering and Cyclic Operation Gigantino, Marco; Sas Brunser, Sebastian; Steinfeld, Aldo Energy & Fuels, Vol. 34, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c02572	journal	November 2020
Numerical investigation of tube oscillation in gravity-driven granular flow with heat transfer by discrete element method Guo, Zhigang; Zhang, Shang; Tian, Xing Energy, Vol. 207 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.118203	journal	September 2020
Design Considerations for Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Brayton Cycles With Recompression Dyreby, John; Klein, Sanford; Nellis, Gregory Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, Vol. 136, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4027936	journal	July 2014
Solid-gas thermochemical energy storage strategies for concentrating solar power: Optimization and system analysis Peng, Xinyue; Bajaj, Ishan; Yao, Min Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 245 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2021.114636	journal	October 2021
A new numerical method for determining heat transfer and packing distribution in particle heat exchangers for concentrated solar power Kuruneru, Sahan Trushad Wickramasooriya; Too, Yen Chean Soo; Kim, Jin-Soo International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, Vol. 90 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2021.108805	journal	August 2021
Performance analysis of a gas-solid thermochemical energy storage using numerical and experimental methods Stengler, Jana; Bürger, Inga; Linder, Marc International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 167 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2020.120797	journal	March 2021
Techno-Economic Optimization of CSP Plants with Free-Falling Particle Receivers González-Portillo, Luis F.; Albrecht, Kevin; Ho, Clifford K. Entropy, Vol. 23, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3390/e23010076	journal	January 2021
Solar power technology for electricity generation: A critical review Ahmadi, Mohammad Hossein; Ghazvini, Mahyar; Sadeghzadeh, Milad Energy Science & Engineering, Vol. 6, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.239	journal	September 2018
A review of promising candidate reactions for chemical heat storage Yan, T.; Wang, R. Z.; Li, T. X. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 43 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.11.015	journal	March 2015
Experiment for modelling high temperature rock bed storage Meier, Anton; Winkler, Christian; Wuillemin, Daniel Solar Energy Materials, Vol. 24, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1633(91)90066-T	journal	December 1991
Particles fluidized bed receiver/reactor with a beam-down solar concentrating optics: 30-kWth performance test using a big sun-simulator Kodama, Tatsuya; Gokon, Nobuyuki; Cho, Hyun Seok AIP Conference Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4949206	conference	January 2016
Improving powder bed properties for thermochemical storage by adding nanoparticles Roßkopf, C.; Haas, M.; Faik, A. Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 86 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2014.05.017	journal	October 2014
Calcium looping in solar power generation plants Edwards, Susan E. B.; Materić, Vlatko Solar Energy, Vol. 86, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2012.05.019	journal	September 2012
Simulation of the supercritical CO2 recompression Brayton power cycle with a high-temperature regenerator Reznicek, Evan P.; Hinze, Jacob F.; Nellis, Gregory F. Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 229 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2020.113678	journal	February 2021
Experimental demonstration of high-temperature (>1000 °C) heat extraction from a moving-bed oxidation reactor for thermochemical energy storage Hayes, Michael; Korba, David; Schimmels, Philipp Applied Energy, Vol. 349 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.121625	journal	November 2023
Solar electricity via an Air Brayton cycle with an integrated two-step thermochemical cycle for heat storage based on Co3O4/CoO redox reactions: Thermodynamic analysis Schrader, Andrew J.; Muroyama, Alexander P.; Loutzenhiser, Peter G. Solar Energy, Vol. 118 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2015.05.045	journal	August 2015
Evaluation and performances comparison of calcium, strontium and barium carbonates during calcination/carbonation reactions for solar thermochemical energy storage André, Laurie; Abanades, Stéphane Journal of Energy Storage, Vol. 13 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2017.07.014	journal	October 2017
Cobalt oxide based structured bodies as redox thermochemical heat storage medium for future CSP plants Pagkoura, Chrysoula; Karagiannakis, George; Zygogianni, Alexandra Solar Energy, Vol. 108 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2014.06.034	journal	October 2014
Design of a MW-scale thermo-chemical energy storage reactor Angerer, Michael; Becker, Moritz; Härzschel, Stefan Energy Reports, Vol. 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2018.07.005	journal	November 2018
Storing solar energy in continuously moving redox particles – Experimental analysis of charging and discharging reactors Tescari, Stefania; Neumann, Nicole Carina; Sundarraj, Pradeepkumar Applied Energy, Vol. 308 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.118271	journal	February 2022
Reduction kinetics for large spherical 2:1 iron–manganese oxide redox materials for thermochemical energy storage Hamidi, Marziyeh; Bayon, Alicia; Wheeler, Vincent M. Chemical Engineering Science, Vol. 201 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2019.02.012	journal	June 2019
Band-approximated radiative heat transfer analysis of a solar chemical reactor for the thermal dissociation of zinc oxide Müller, Reto; Steinfeld, A. Solar Energy, Vol. 81, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2006.12.006	journal	October 2007
Evaluating thermodynamic performance limits of thermochemical energy storage subsystems using reactive perovskite oxide particles for concentrating solar power Albrecht, Kevin J.; Jackson, Gregory S.; Braun, Robert J. Solar Energy, Vol. 167 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2018.03.078	journal	June 2018
Solar electricity via an Air Brayton cycle with an integrated two-step thermochemical cycle for heat storage based on Co3O4/CoO redox reactions II: Kinetic analyses Muroyama, Alexander P.; Schrader, Andrew J.; Loutzenhiser, Peter G. Solar Energy, Vol. 122 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2015.08.038	journal	December 2015
Oxygen separation via chemical looping of the perovskite oxide Sr0.8Ca0.2FeO3 in packed bed reactors for the production of nitrogen from air Capstick, S.; Bulfin, B.; Naik, J. M. Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 452 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2022.139289	journal	January 2023
Upgrading sensible-heat storage with a thermochemical storage section operated at variable pressure: An effective way toward active control of the heat-transfer fluid outflow temperature Ströhle, S.; Haselbacher, A.; Jovanovic, Z. R. Applied Energy, Vol. 196 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.03.125	journal	June 2017
A comparative study of non-isothermal kinetics of decomposition of calcium oxalate monohydrate Vlaev, L.; Nedelchev, N.; Gyurova, K. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, Vol. 81, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2007.12.003	journal	March 2008
Hydration and dehydration of salt hydrates and hydroxides for thermal energy storage - kinetics and energy release Rammelberg, Holger Urs; Schmidt, Thomas; Ruck, Wolfgang Energy Procedia, Vol. 30 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2012.11.043	journal	January 2012
Solar electricity via an Air Brayton cycle with an integrated two-step thermochemical cycle for heat storage based on Fe2O3/Fe3O4 redox reactions: Thermodynamic and kinetic analyses Bush, H. Evan; Loutzenhiser, Peter G. Solar Energy, Vol. 174 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2018.09.043	journal	November 2018
Solar Thermochemical Energy Storage Through Carbonation Cycles of SrCO ₃ /SrO Supported on SrZrO ₃ Rhodes, Nathan R.; Barde, Amey; Randhir, Kelvin ChemSusChem, Vol. 8, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201501023	journal	October 2015
State of the art on gas–solid thermochemical energy storage systems and reactors for building applications Solé, Aran; Martorell, Ingrid; Cabeza, Luisa F. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 47 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.03.077	journal	July 2015
Solid–gas reactors driven by concentrated solar energy with potential application to calcium looping: A comparative review Alvarez Rivero, M.; Rodrigues, D.; Pinheiro, C. I. C. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 158 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.112048	journal	April 2022
Numerical analyses of high temperature dense, granular flows coupled to high temperature flow property measurements for solar thermal energy storage Yarrington, Justin D.; Bagepalli, Malavika V.; Pathikonda, Gokul Solar Energy, Vol. 213 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2020.10.085	journal	January 2021
Heat transfer fluids for concentrating solar power systems – A review Vignarooban, K.; Xu, Xinhai; Arvay, A. Applied Energy, Vol. 146 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.01.125	journal	May 2015
Review of Carbonate-Based Systems for Thermochemical Energy Storage for Concentrating Solar Power Applications: State-of-the-Art and Outlook Raganati, Federica; Ammendola, Paola Energy & Fuels, Vol. 37, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.2c03853	journal	January 2023
Magnesium-manganese oxides for high temperature thermochemical energy storage Randhir, Kelvin; King, Keith; Rhodes, Nathan Journal of Energy Storage, Vol. 21 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2018.11.024	journal	February 2019
Latest developments on TES and CSP technologies – Energy and environmental issues, applications and research trends Achkari, O.; El Fadar, A. Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 167 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.114806	journal	February 2020
Directly irradiated fluidized bed reactors for thermochemical processing and energy storage: Application to calcium looping Tregambi, Claudio; Montagnaro, Fabio; Salatino, Piero SOLARPACES 2016: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems, AIP Conference Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4984456	conference	January 2017
The production of zinc by thermal dissociation of zinc oxide—solar chemical reactor design Haueter, P.; Moeller, S.; Palumbo, R. Solar Energy, Vol. 67, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-092X(00)00037-2	journal	July 1999
Energy storage using the BaO2BaO reaction cycle Fahim, M. A.; Ford, J. D. The Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 27, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-9467(83)80042-2	journal	August 1983
De- and rehydration of Ca(OH)2 in a reactor with direct heat transfer for thermo-chemical heat storage. Part A: Experimental results Schaube, F.; Kohzer, A.; Schütz, J. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, Vol. 91, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2012.09.020	journal	May 2013
A Critical Review of Thermochemical Energy Storage Systems Abedin, Ali H. The Open Renewable Energy Journal, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.2174/1876387101004010042	journal	August 2011
Drop-in fuels from sunlight and air Schäppi, Remo; Rutz, David; Dähler, Fabian Nature, Vol. 601, Issue 7891 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04174-y	journal	November 2021
Calorimetric method for determining the thermochemical energy storage capacities of redox metal oxides King, Keith; Randhir, Kelvin; Klausner, James Thermochimica Acta, Vol. 673 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2019.01.008	journal	March 2019
THE CATALYTIC INFLUENCE OF FOREIGN OXIDES ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF SILVER OXIDE, MERCURIC OXIDE AND BARIUM PEROXIDE.¹ Kendall, James; Fuchs, Francis J. Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 43, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01442a005	journal	September 1921
Carbonation of Limestone Derived CaO for Thermochemical Energy Storage: From Kinetics to Process Integration in Concentrating Solar Plants Ortiz, C.; Valverde, J. M.; Chacartegui, R. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, Vol. 6, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b00199	journal	April 2018
Scale-up of fluidized-bed combustion – A review Leckner, Bo; Szentannai, Pal; Winter, Franz Fuel, Vol. 90, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2011.04.038	journal	October 2011
Critical review of thermochemical energy storage systems based on cobalt, manganese, and copper oxides Han, Xiangyu; Wang, Liang; Ling, Haoshu Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 158 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2022.112076	journal	April 2022
Thermodynamics and Dynamics of the Mg—Fe—H System and Its Potential for Thermochemical Thermal Energy Storage. Bogdanovic, Borislav; Reiser, Alexander; Schlichte, Klaus ChemInform, Vol. 34, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.200305013	journal	February 2003
A review of working fluid and expander selections for organic Rankine cycle Bao, Junjiang; Zhao, Li Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 24 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.03.040	journal	August 2013
Supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle: A state-of-the-art review Liu, Yaping; Wang, Ying; Huang, Diangui Energy, Vol. 189 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.115900	journal	December 2019
Complex Metal Hydrides for Hydrogen, Thermal and Electrochemical Energy Storage Møller, Kasper; Sheppard, Drew; Ravnsbæk, Dorthe Energies, Vol. 10, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.3390/en10101645	journal	October 2017
Directly irradiated fluidized bed reactor for thermochemical energy storage and solar fuels production Tregambi, Claudio; Padula, Stefano; Galbusieri, Mariano Powder Technology, Vol. 366 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2020.02.045	journal	April 2020
Discovery of Salt Hydrates for Thermal Energy Storage Kiyabu, Steven; Girard, Patrick; Siegel, Donald J. Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 144, Issue 47 https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.2c08993	journal	November 2022
Ca(OH) 2 /CaO reversible reaction in a fluidized bed reactor for thermochemical heat storage Pardo, P.; Anxionnaz-Minvielle, Z.; Rougé, S. Solar Energy, Vol. 107 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2014.06.010	journal	September 2014
A study of the thermal decomposition of BaCO3 Arvanitidis, I.; Siche, Du.; Seetharaman, S. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, Vol. 27, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02914905	journal	June 1996
A novel autothermal fluidized bed reactor for concentrated solar thermal applications Tregambi, Claudio; Bevilacqua, Carla; Troiano, Maurizio Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 398 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.125702	journal	October 2020
Advanced power cycles for concentrated solar power Stein, W. H.; Buck, R. Solar Energy, Vol. 152 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2017.04.054	journal	August 2017
Applications of low-temperature thermochemical energy storage systems for salt hydrates based on material classification: A review Lin, Jianquan; Zhao, Qian; Huang, Haotian Solar Energy, Vol. 214 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2020.11.055	journal	January 2021
Experimental Investigation of the Carbothermal Reduction of ZnO Using a Beam-Down, Gravity-Fed Solar Reactor Koepf, Erik E.; Advani, Suresh G.; Prasad, Ajay K. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Vol. 54, Issue 33 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.5b01249	journal	August 2015
Opportunities and challenges in using particle circulation loops for concentrated solar power applications Flamant, Gilles; Grange, Benjamin; Wheeldon, John Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, Vol. 94 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2022.101056	journal	January 2023
First experimental studies of solar redox reactions of copper oxides for thermochemical energy storage Alonso, Elisa; Pérez-Rábago, Carlos; Licurgo, Javier Solar Energy, Vol. 115 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2015.03.005	journal	May 2015
Metal Hydrides for High-Temperature Power Generation Rönnebro, Ewa; Whyatt, Greg; Powell, Michael Energies, Vol. 8, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.3390/en8088406	journal	August 2015
Kinetics on a Second Scale at Temperatures up to 2300 K—The Reduction of Manganese Oxide in a Solar Furnace Frey, Thomas; Guesdon, Christine; Sturzenegger, Marcel Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 88, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00570.x	journal	July 2005
Novel rotary gas/solid contactor Kunii, Daizo; Chisaki, Tatsu; Levenspiel, Octave Powder Technology, Vol. 96, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-5910(97)03339-1	journal	April 1998
A review on high temperature thermochemical heat energy storage Pardo, P.; Deydier, A.; Anxionnaz-Minvielle, Z. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 32 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.12.014	journal	April 2014
Receiver design and On-Sun testing for G3P3-USA Ho, Clifford K.; Schroeder, Nathaniel R.; Laubscher, Hendrik F. AIP Conference Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0086071	conference	January 2022
Supercritical CO2 Brayton cycles for solar-thermal energy Iverson, Brian D.; Conboy, Thomas M.; Pasch, James J. Applied Energy, Vol. 111 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.06.020	journal	November 2013
Experimental demonstration of a 5 kWth granular-flow reactor for solar thermochemical energy storage with aluminum-doped calcium manganite particles Schrader, Andrew J.; Schieber, Garrett L.; Ambrosini, Andrea Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 173 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.115257	journal	June 2020
Energy storage using the reversible oxidation of barium oxide Bowrey, R. G.; Jutsen, J. Solar Energy, Vol. 21, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-092X(78)90078-6	journal	January 1978
Review of experimental investigation on directly irradiated particles solar reactors Alonso, Elisa; Romero, Manuel Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 41 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.08.027	journal	January 2015
Modelling of solar thermochemical reaction systems Wheeler, Vincent M.; Bader, Roman; Kreider, Peter B. Solar Energy, Vol. 156 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2017.07.069	journal	November 2017

Similar Records

CSP ELEMENTS: High-Temperature Thermochemical Storage with Redox-Stable Perovskites for Concentrating Solar Power

Technical Report · 2016 · OSTI ID:1333903

Jackson, Gregory S; Braun, Robert J; Ma, Zhiwen; +5 more

Regenerative Carbonate-Based Thermochemical Energy Storage System for Concentrating Solar Power

Technical Report · 2017 · OSTI ID:1377395

Gangwal, Santosh; Muto, Andrew

Thermochemical reduction modeling in a high-temperature moving-bed reactor for energy storage: 1D model

Journal Article · 2021 · Applied Energy · OSTI ID:1976845

Huang, Wei; Korba, David; Randhir, Kelvin; +4 more

Related Subjects

Renewable energy
Thermochemical cycles
Chemical reactors
Particle technology
Reduction-oxidation (redox) reactions

Title: Particle-based high-temperature thermochemical energy storage reactors

Citation Formats

References (182)

Similar Records

Related Subjects