Low‐Temperature and High‐Rate Rechargeable Aluminum Batteries Enabled by Ternary Eutectic Electrolytes

Vadthya, Raju; Fetrow, Christopher; Oladoyin, Olumide; Wu, James; Ivanov, Sergei; Wang, You; Chen, Dongchang; Zhou, Xiao‐Dong; Wei, Shuya

doi:10.1002/cssc.202400983

Title: Low‐Temperature and High‐Rate Rechargeable Aluminum Batteries Enabled by Ternary Eutectic Electrolytes

Journal Article · 23 September 2024 · ChemSusChem

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202400983 · OSTI ID:2529505

Vadthya, Raju ^[1]; Fetrow, Christopher ^[1]; Oladoyin, Olumide ^[1]; Wu, James ^[2]; Ivanov, Sergei ^[3]; Wang, You ^[4]; Chen, Dongchang ^[4]; Zhou, Xiao‐Dong ^[5];

^[1]

Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131 United States
Power Division NASA Glenn Research Center Cleveland, Ohio 44135 United States
Materials Physics and Applications Division and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545 United States
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131 United States
Chemical &, Biomolecular Engineering Department University of Connecticut Storrs, Connecticut 06269 United States

Abstract Rechargeable aluminum batteries (RABs) have garnered extensive scientific attention as a promising alternative chemistry due to the inherent advantages associated with aluminum (Al) metal anodes, including their high theoretical capacities, cost‐effectiveness, environmental friendliness, and inherent non‐flammable properties. Nonetheless, the practical energy density of RABs is constrained by the electrolytes that support lower operational voltage windows. Herein, we report a ternary eutectic electrolyte composed of 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride ([C ₂ C ₁ im]Cl):1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride ([C ₄ C ₁ im]Cl):aluminum chloride (AlCl ₃ ) for the application of RABs. The electrolyte exhibits a high operational potential window (~3 V vs. Al/Al ³⁺ on SS 316) and high ionic conductivity (~8.3 mS cm ⁻¹ ) while exhibiting only a low temperature glass transition at −65 °C suitable for all‐climate conditions. Al||graphene nanoplatelets cell delivers a high capacity of ~117 mAh/g, and ~43 mAh/g at a very high current densities of 1 A/g and 5 A/g, respectively. The cells render a reversible capacity of 20 mAh/g at −20 °C and 17 mAh/g at −40 °C, indicating their suitability for operation under extreme environmental conditions. We comprehensively evaluated the design and optimization of carbon paper‐based battery systems. The ternary eutectic electrolyte demonstrates exceptional electrochemical performance, thus signifying its substantial potential for utilization in high‐performance energy storage systems in all climates.

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Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: 89233218CNA000001

OSTI ID:: 2529505

Journal Information:: ChemSusChem, Journal Name: ChemSusChem Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 18; ISSN 1864-5631

Publisher:: Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: Germany

Language:: English

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