Search Menu
DOE PAGES title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Search Scholarly Publications

Title: High-Resolution Model Intercomparison Project phase 2 (HighResMIP2) towards CMIP7

Journal Article · · Geoscientific Model Development (Online)
 [1]; ORCiD logo [2];  [3];  [4]; ORCiD logo [5];  [6];  [7]; ORCiD logo [8]; ORCiD logo [9];  [10]; ORCiD logo [11];  [9]; ORCiD logo [12]; ORCiD logo [13];  [1];  [14]; ORCiD logo [13]; ORCiD logo [15];  [16];  [17] more »; ORCiD logo [17]; ORCiD logo [6]; ORCiD logo [6]; ORCiD logo [18]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [19]; ORCiD logo [20];  [21]; ORCiD logo [22]; ORCiD logo [21]; ORCiD logo [23];  [24];  [25];  [26] « less
  1. United Kingdom Meteorological Office, Exeter, Devon (United Kingdom)
  2. Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States)
  3. Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing (China)
  4. Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States). Cooperative Inst. for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Boulder, CO (United States)
  5. Columbia Univ., Palisades, NY (United States). Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
  6. Ouranos, Montreal, QC (Canada)
  7. Texas A & M Univ., College Station, TX (United States)
  8. National Taiwan Normal Univ., Taipei (Taiwan)
  9. Univ. of Oxford (United Kingdom)
  10. National Centre for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Boulder, CO (United States)
  11. Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) (Germany)
  12. Univ. of Hamburg (Germany)
  13. Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama (Japan)
  14. Seoul National Univ. (Korea, Republic of)
  15. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
  16. Meteorological Research Inst. (MRI), Tsukuba (Japan)
  17. National Institute for Space Research, São José dos Campos (Brazil)
  18. Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change (CMCC), Bologna (Italy)
  19. Univ. of Brest (France). Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS); CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, IUEM, Brest (France)
  20. Academia Sinica, Taipei (Taiwan)
  21. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
  22. Univ. of Reading (United Kingdom)
  23. Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)
  24. Princeton Univ., NJ (United States)
  25. Utah State Univ., Logan, UT (United States)
  26. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Princeton, NJ (United States)
+ Show Author Affiliations

Robust projections and predictions of climate variability and change, particularly at regional scales, rely on the driving processes being represented with fidelity in model simulations. Consequently, the role of enhanced horizontal resolution in improved process representation in all components of the climate system continues to be of great interest. Recent simulations suggest the possibility of significant changes in both large-scale aspects of the ocean and atmospheric circulations and in the regional responses to climate change, as well as improvements in representations of small-scale processes and extremes, when resolution is enhanced. The first phase of the High-Resolution Model Intercomparison Project (HighResMIP1) was successful at producing a baseline multi-model assessment of global simulations with model grid spacings of 25–50 km in the atmosphere and 10–25 km in the ocean, a significant increase when compared to models with standard resolutions on the order of 1° that are typically used as part of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) experiments. In addition to over 250 peer-reviewed manuscripts using the published HighResMIP1 datasets, the results were widely cited in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report and were the basis of a variety of derived datasets, including tracked cyclones (both tropical and extratropical), river discharge, storm surge, and impact studies. There were also suggestions from the few ocean eddy-rich coupled simulations that aspects of climate variability and change might be significantly influenced by improved process representation in such models. The compromises that HighResMIP1 made should now be revisited, given the recent major advances in modelling and computing resources. Aspects that will be reconsidered include experimental design and simulation length, complexity, and resolution. In addition, larger ensemble sizes and a wider range of future scenarios would enhance the applicability of HighResMIP. Therefore, we propose the High-Resolution Model Intercomparison Project phase 2 (HighResMIP2) to improve and extend the previous work, to address new science questions, and to further advance our understanding of the role of horizontal resolution (and hence process representation) in state-of-the-art climate simulations. With further increases in high-performance computing resources and modelling advances, along with the ability to take full advantage of these computational resources, an enhanced investigation of the drivers and consequences of variability and change in both large- and synoptic-scale weather and climate is now possible. With the arrival of global cloud-resolving models (currently run for relatively short timescales), there is also an opportunity to improve links between such models and more traditional CMIP models, with HighResMIP providing a bridge to link understanding between these domains. HighResMIP also aims to link to other CMIP projects and international efforts such as the World Climate Research Program lighthouse activities and various digital twin initiatives. It also has the potential to be used as training and validation data for the fast-evolving machine learning climate models.

Research Organization:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
Academia Sinica; DSIT; European Commission (EC); JSPS KAKENHI; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS); Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT); Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT); National Academies of Science and Engineering Gulf Research Program; National Academy of Sciences (NAS); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR); National Key Research and Development Program of China; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); National Science Foundation (NSF); National Science and Technology Council (NSTC); Natural Environment Research Council (NERC); U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); UK government's Horizon Europe; USDOE; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER). Biological Systems Science (BSS); Utah Department of Natural Resources
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-05CH11231; AC05-76RL01830; AC52-07NA27344; SC0016605; SC0023333
OSTI ID:
2526259
Report Number(s):
PNNL-SA--208707
Journal Information:
Geoscientific Model Development (Online), Journal Name: Geoscientific Model Development (Online) Journal Issue: 4 Vol. 18; ISSN 1991-9603
Publisher:
Copernicus Publications, EGUCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (125)

EN4: Quality controlled ocean temperature and salinity profiles and monthly objective analyses with uncertainty estimates: THE EN4 DATA SET journal December 2013
The effect of horizontal resolution on simulation quality in the Community Atmospheric Model, CAM5.1 journal November 2014
A new synoptic scale resolving global climate simulation using the Community Earth System Model journal December 2014
Characteristics of tropical cyclones in high‐resolution models in the present climate journal December 2014
Does increased atmospheric resolution improve seasonal climate predictions? journal July 2019
Effective resolution in high resolution global atmospheric models for climate studies journal April 2020
The ERA5 global reanalysis journal June 2020
An ensemble reconstruction of ocean temperature, salinity, and the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation 1960–2021 journal November 2023
Tropical cyclones in climate models: Tropical cyclones in climate models journal November 2015
Metrics as tools for bridging climate science and applications journal August 2022
Comparison of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation between 1960 and 2007 in six ocean reanalysis products journal September 2015
Multi-model evaluation of the sensitivity of the global energy budget and hydrological cycle to resolution journal December 2018
Impact of model resolution on Arctic sea ice and North Atlantic Ocean heat transport journal June 2019
Projected changes in tropical cyclone activity under future warming scenarios using a high-resolution climate model journal August 2016
Destination Earth – A digital twin in support of climate services journal April 2023
Nonhydrostatic icosahedral atmospheric model (NICAM) for global cloud resolving simulations journal March 2008
An assessment of Antarctic Circumpolar Current and Southern Ocean meridional overturning circulation during 1958–2007 in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations journal September 2015
A hierarchical approach to defining marine heatwaves journal February 2016
Climate Change 2021 – The Physical Science Basis journal June 2023
Ocean, Cryosphere and Sea Level Change book July 2023
Weather and Climate Extreme Events in a Changing Climate book June 2023
Global analyses of sea surface temperature, sea ice, and night marine air temperature since the late nineteenth century journal January 2003
Fundamental challenge in simulation and prediction of summer monsoon rainfall journal January 2005
The remarkable predictability of inter-annual variability of Atlantic hurricanes during the past decade: TC SEASONAL PREDICTION WITH GFDL HiRAM journal June 2011
ICON-A, the Atmosphere Component of the ICON Earth System Model: I. Model Description journal July 2018
Changes in Precipitation From North Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Under RCP Scenarios in the Variable‐Resolution Community Atmosphere Model journal June 2020
Impact of Higher Spatial Atmospheric Resolution on Precipitation Extremes Over Land in Global Climate Models journal July 2020
Quantifying Progress Across Different CMIP Phases With the ESMValTool journal October 2020
The DOE E3SM Coupled Model Version 1: Description and Results at High Resolution journal December 2019
Projected Future Changes in Tropical Cyclones Using the CMIP6 HighResMIP Multimodel Ensemble journal July 2020
An Unprecedented Set of High‐Resolution Earth System Simulations for Understanding Multiscale Interactions in Climate Variability and Change journal December 2020
Future Evolution of an Eddy Rich Ocean Associated with Enhanced East Atlantic Storminess in a Coupled Model Projection journal April 2021
The Influence of Ocean Coupling on Simulated and Projected Tropical Cyclone Precipitation in the HighResMIP–PRIMAVERA Simulations journal October 2021
Improved Representation of Extratropical Cyclone Structure in HighResMIP Models journal February 2022
Decadal Variability of Southeast US Rainfall in an Eddying Global Coupled Model journal December 2021
Mesoscale Convective Systems Simulated by a High‐Resolution Global Nonhydrostatic Model Over the United States and China journal April 2022
The Impact of Horizontal Resolution on Projected Sea‐Level Rise Along US East Continental Shelf With the Community Earth System Model journal April 2022
Connecting Large‐Scale Meteorological Patterns to Extratropical Cyclones in CMIP6 Climate Models Using Self‐Organizing Maps journal August 2023
Evaluating the Simulation of CONUS Precipitation by Storm Type in E3SM journal June 2023
Impacts of Model Horizontal Resolution on Mean Sea Surface Temperature Biases in the Community Earth System Model journal December 2022
Toward Eliminating the Decades‐Old “Too Zonal and Too Equatorward” Storm‐Track Bias in Climate Models journal February 2023
Global Projections of Storm Surges Using High‐Resolution CMIP6 Climate Models journal September 2023
Uncertain Pathways to a Future Safe Climate journal June 2024
Enhanced Upper Ocean Warming Projected by the Eddy‐Resolving Community Earth System Model journal November 2023
Evaluating Mesoscale Convective Systems Over the US in Conventional and Multiscale Modeling Framework Configurations of E3SMv1 journal December 2023
A methodology for understanding and intercomparing atmospheric climate feedback processes in general circulation models journal January 1988
Emissions – the ‘business as usual’ story is misleading journal January 2020
Ocean fronts and eddies force atmospheric rivers and heavy precipitation in western North America journal February 2021
Delayed Antarctic sea-ice decline in high-resolution climate change simulations journal February 2022
Oceanic mesoscale eddies as crucial drivers of global marine heatwaves journal May 2023
Persistent warm-eddy transport to Antarctic ice shelves driven by enhanced summer westerlies journal January 2024
Strengthening tropical Pacific zonal sea surface temperature gradient consistent with rising greenhouse gases journal June 2019
Global changes in oceanic mesoscale currents over the satellite altimetry record journal April 2021
The small scales of the ocean may hold the key to surprises journal June 2022
Long-term evolution of ocean eddy activity in a warming world journal September 2022
Asymmetric emergence of low-to-no snow in the midlatitudes of the American Cordillera journal November 2022
High-resolution modelling identifies the Bering Strait’s role in amplified Arctic warming journal May 2024
Satellite-based time-series of sea-surface temperature since 1980 for climate applications journal March 2024
Challenges with interpreting the impact of Atlantic Multidecadal Variability using SST-restoring experiments journal February 2023
Reduced Southern Ocean warming enhances global skill and signal-to-noise in an eddy-resolving decadal prediction system journal July 2023
Crucial role of sea surface temperature warming patterns in near-term high-impact weather and climate projection journal June 2024
Uncertain future of sustainable fisheries environment in eastern boundary upwelling zones under climate change journal January 2023
Compressing atmospheric data into its real information content journal November 2021
The typhoon-induced drying of the Maritime Continent journal February 2020
Near-term tropical cyclone risk and coupled Earth system model biases journal August 2023
CAS FGOALS-f3-H and CAS FGOALS-f3-L outputs for the high-resolution model intercomparison project simulation of CMIP6 journal October 2020
Can we trust CMIP5/6 future projections of European winter precipitation? journal May 2021
A storyline analysis of Hurricane Irma’s precipitation under various levels of climate warming journal November 2023
Destination Earth: High-Performance Computing for Weather and Climate journal November 2022
A globally consistent local-scale assessment of future tropical cyclone risk journal April 2022
Exceeding 1.5°C global warming could trigger multiple climate tipping points journal September 2022
An Overview of the Results of the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP I) journal January 1999
Simulations of Global Hurricane Climatology, Interannual Variability, and Response to Global Warming Using a 50-km Resolution GCM journal December 2009
The Role of Mesoscale Eddies in the Rectification of the Southern Ocean Response to Climate Change journal July 2010
Next-Generation Numerical Weather Prediction: Bridging Parameterization, Explicit Clouds, and Large Eddies journal January 2012
Sensitivity of the Overturning Circulation in the Southern Ocean to Decadal Changes in Wind Forcing journal January 2012
The EarthCARE Satellite: The Next Step Forward in Global Measurements of Clouds, Aerosols, Precipitation, and Radiation journal August 2015
The Community Earth System Model (CESM) Large Ensemble Project: A Community Resource for Studying Climate Change in the Presence of Internal Climate Variability journal August 2015
The Art and Science of Climate Model Tuning journal March 2017
Response to Increasing Southern Hemisphere Winds in CCSM4 journal October 2011
ERA-20C: An Atmospheric Reanalysis of the Twentieth Century journal June 2016
Tropical Cyclone Interaction with the Ocean: The Role of High-Frequency (Subdaily) Coupled Processes journal January 2017
Moist Static Energy Budget Analysis of Tropical Cyclone Intensification in High-Resolution Climate Models journal September 2019
Response of Storm-Related Extreme Sea Level along the U.S. Atlantic Coast to Combined Weather and Climate Forcing journal May 2020
Impact of Model Resolution on Tropical Cyclone Simulation Using the HighResMIP–PRIMAVERA Multimodel Ensemble journal April 2020
Intermodel Spread in the Pattern Effect and Its Contribution to Climate Sensitivity in CMIP5 and CMIP6 Models journal September 2020
Simulations of Atmospheric Rivers, Their Variability, and Response to Global Warming Using GFDL’s New High-Resolution General Circulation Model journal December 2020
A Study of AR-, TS-, and MCS-Associated Precipitation and Extreme Precipitation in Present and Warmer Climates journal January 2022
Mitigating Climate Biases in the Midlatitude North Atlantic by Increasing Model Resolution: SST Gradients and Their Relation to Blocking and the Jet journal November 2022
An Evaluation of Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Structures in the HighResMIP Simulations against Satellite Observations journal November 2022
Persistent Discrepancies between Observed and Modeled Trends in the Tropical Pacific Ocean journal July 2022
Process-Oriented Diagnosis of Tropical Cyclones in Reanalyses Using a Moist Static Energy Variance Budget journal August 2023
North Atlantic Response to Observed North Atlantic Oscillation Surface Heat Flux in Three Climate Models journal March 2024
Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems in Ocean–Sea Ice Simulations Forced by CORE and JRA55-do: Mean State and Variability at the Surface journal May 2024
Southern Ocean Overturning Compensation in an Eddy-Resolving Climate Simulation journal May 2016
A New Sea Surface Height–Based Code for Oceanic Mesoscale Eddy Tracking journal May 2014
DYAMOND: the DYnamics of the Atmospheric general circulation Modeled On Non-hydrostatic Domains journal September 2019
d4PDF: large-ensemble and high-resolution climate simulations for global warming risk assessment journal October 2020
Evaluation of the contribution of tropical cyclone seeds to changes in tropical cyclone frequency due to global warming in high-resolution multi-model ensemble simulations journal January 2021
A protocol and analysis of year-long simulations of global storm-resolving models and beyond preprint May 2024
The Scenario Model Intercomparison Project for CMIP7 preprint January 2025
An evolving Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 7 (CMIP7) and Fast Track in support of future climate assessment preprint December 2024
Ubiquity of human-induced changes in climate variability journal January 2021
Changes in tropical cyclones under stabilized 1.5 and 2.0 °C global warming scenarios as simulated by the Community Atmospheric Model under the HAPPI protocols journal January 2018
Earth Virtualization Engines (EVE) journal April 2024
The Cloud Feedback Model Intercomparison Project (CFMIP) contribution to CMIP6 journal January 2017
MACv2-SP: a parameterization of anthropogenic aerosol optical properties and an associated Twomey effect for use in CMIP6 journal January 2017
Half a degree additional warming, prognosis and projected impacts (HAPPI): background and experimental design journal January 2017
Description of the resolution hierarchy of the global coupled HadGEM3-GC3.1 model as used in CMIP6 HighResMIP experiments journal January 2019
The CMIP6 Data Request (DREQ, version 01.00.31) journal January 2020
Impact of horizontal resolution on global ocean–sea ice model simulations based on the experimental protocols of the Ocean Model Intercomparison Project phase 2 (OMIP-2) journal January 2020
Role of atmospheric horizontal resolution in simulating tropical and subtropical South American precipitation in HadGEM3-GC31 journal October 2020
TempestExtremes v2.1: a community framework for feature detection, tracking, and analysis in large datasets journal January 2021
Effect of horizontal resolution on the simulation of tropical cyclones in the Chinese Academy of Sciences FGOALS-f3 climate system model journal October 2021
Extreme events representation in CMCC-CM2 standard and high-resolution general circulation models journal March 2022
Impact of increased resolution on long-standing biases in HighResMIP-PRIMAVERA climate models journal January 2022
Technology to aid the analysis of large-volume multi-institute climate model output at a central analysis facility (PRIMAVERA Data Management Tool V2.10) journal November 2023
Systematic and objective evaluation of Earth system models: PCMDI Metrics Package (PMP) version 3 journal May 2024
Overview of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) experimental design and organization journal January 2016
OMIP contribution to CMIP6: experimental and diagnostic protocol for the physical component of the Ocean Model Intercomparison Project journal January 2016
The Scenario Model Intercomparison Project (ScenarioMIP) for CMIP6 journal January 2016
High Resolution Model Intercomparison Project (HighResMIP v1.0) for CMIP6 journal January 2016
Evaluating lossy data compression on climate simulation data within a large ensemble journal January 2016
Using high-resolution global climate models from the PRIMAVERA project to create a European winter windstorm event set journal November 2022
Chaotic Variability of Ocean: Heat Content Climate-Relevant Features and Observational Implications journal June 2018

Similar Records

Related Subjects

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
global climate models