Elliptical ejecta of asteroid Dimorphos is due to its surface curvature

Hirabayashi, Masatoshi; Raducan, Sabina D.; Sunshine, Jessica M.; Farnham, Tony L.; Deshapriya, J. P.; Li, Jian-Yang; Tancredi, Gonzalo; Chesley, Steven R.; Daly, R. Terik; Ernst, Carolyn M.; Gai, Igor; Hasselmann, Pedro H.; Naidu, Shantanu P.; Nair, Hari; Palmer, Eric E.; Waller, C. Dany; Zinzi, Angelo; Agrusa, Harrison F.; Barbee, Brent W.; Syal, Megan Bruck; Collins, Gareth S.; Davison, Thomas M.; DeCoster, Mallory E.; Jutzi, Martin; Kumamoto, Kathryn M.; Moskovitz, Nicholas A.; Lyzhoft, Joshua R.; Schwartz, Stephen R.; Abell, Paul A.; Barnouin, Olivier S.; Chabot, Nancy L.; Cheng, Andrew F.; Dotto, Elisabetta; Fahnestock, Eugene G.; Michel, Patrick; Richardson, Derek C.; Rivkin, Andrew S.; Stickle, Angela M.; Thomas, Cristina A.; Beccarelli, Joel; Brucato, John R.; Dall’Ora, Massimo; Corte, Vincenzo Della; Epifani, Elena Mazzotta; Ieva, Simone; Impresario, Gabriele; Ivanovski, Stavro; Lucchetti, Alice; Modenini, Dario; Pajola, Maurizio; Palumbo, Pasquale; Pirrotta, Simone; Poggiali, Giovanni; Rossi, Alessandro; Tortora, Paolo; Tusberti, Filippo; Zannoni, Marco; Zanotti, Giovanni; Ferrari, Fabio; Glenar, David A.; Herreros, Isabel; Jacobson, Seth A.; Karatekin, Özgür; Lazzarin, Monica; Lolachi, Ramin; Lucas, Michael P.; Makadia, Rahil; Marzari, Francesco; Merrill, Colby C.; Migliorini, Alessandra; Nakano, Ryota; Ormö, Jens; Sánchez, Paul; Senel, Cem Berk; Soldini, Stefania; Stubbs, Timothy J.

doi:10.1038/s41467-025-56010-w

Title: Elliptical ejecta of asteroid Dimorphos is due to its surface curvature

Journal Article · 13 February 2025 · Nature Communications

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-56010-w · OSTI ID:2522856

^[1];

;

; Deshapriya, J. P.; Li, Jian-Yang;

;

; Gai, Igor; Hasselmann, Pedro H.;

;

; Waller, C. Dany;

;

; Syal, Megan Bruck more »

Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA (United States); et al.

Kinetic deflection is a planetary defense technique delivering spacecraft momentum to a small body to deviate its course from Earth. The deflection efficiency depends on the impactor and target. Among them, the contribution of global curvature was poorly understood. The ejecta plume created by NASA’s Double Asteroid Redirection Test impact on its target asteroid, Dimorphos, exhibited an elliptical shape almost aligned along its north-south direction. Here, we identify that this elliptical ejecta plume resulted from the target’s curvature, reducing the momentum transfer to 44 ± 10% along the orbit track compared to an equivalent impact on a flat target. We also find lower kinetic deflection of impacts on smaller near-Earth objects due to higher curvature. A solution to mitigate low deflection efficiency is to apply multiple low-energy impactors rather than a single high-energy impactor. Rapid reconnaissance to acquire a target’s properties before deflection enables determining the proper locations and timing of impacts.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-07NA27344

OSTI ID:: 2522856

Report Number(s):: LLNL--JRNL-853920; 1081785

Journal Information:: Nature Communications, Journal Name: Nature Communications Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 16; ISSN 2041-1723

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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