Dynamics of hydrogen–ammonia–natural gas lean-premixed high-pressure flames

Shahin, Tristan T.; Hodge, Alexander J.; Murdock, Benjamin K.; McLean, Thomas N.; Koenig, Keaton C.; Gejji, Rohan M.; Lucht, Robert P.; Slabaugh, Carson D.

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2024.134016

Title: Dynamics of hydrogen–ammonia–natural gas lean-premixed high-pressure flames

Journal Article · 19 December 2024 · Fuel

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2024.134016 · OSTI ID:2515641

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Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN (United States)

The influence of fuel composition on self-excited combustion instabilities in a high-pressure combustor operated with ammonia, hydrogen, and natural gas fuels is characterized with high-frequency pressure measurements and imaging of the flame structure. A micromix multi-stage injector with 19 elements is used to introduce the fuel blend premixed with heated air into an optically accessible combustor operated at ~1.1 MPa. As hydrogen is substituted for natural gas, longitudinal thermoacoustic instabilities are observed in the combustor with pressure fluctuation amplitudes as large as 8% of the mean chamber value. In the absence of natural gas, limit-cycle instability magnitude is largely insensitive to ammonia addition. However, fuel compositions with > 20% natural gas result in positive correlation between instability amplitude and ammonia concentration. Spatial distribution of heat release in the combustor evaluated from OH* chemiluminescence imaging reveals axial growth in the regions of heat release fluctuation as hydrogen decreases, thus correlating flame length to instability amplitude. Distinct transitions from the first harmonic of the fundamental longitudinal acoustic mode (~1100 Hz) to the fundamental mode (~550 Hz) are observed with root mean square pressure fluctuations exceeding 7% of the mean chamber value. Here, these cases correspond to hydrogen mole fractions ≤ 50%. Analysis of the phase relationship between pressure fluctuations upstream and downstream of the flame zone indicates acoustic coupling of the injector as a key contributor to instability growth.

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Research Organization:: Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management (FECM)

Grant/Contract Number:: FE0032074

OSTI ID:: 2515641

Journal Information:: Fuel, Journal Name: Fuel Vol. 385; ISSN 0016-2361

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: Dynamics of hydrogen–ammonia–natural gas lean-premixed high-pressure flames

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