Daily modulation of low-energy nuclear recoils from sub-GeV dark matter

Journal Article · 12 February 2025 · Physical Review. D.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.111.043030 · OSTI ID:2514526

Stratman, Connor; Lin, Tongyan

At sufficiently low nuclear recoil energy, the scattering of dark matter (DM) in crystals gives rise to single phonon and multiphonon excitations. In anisotropic crystals, the scattering rate into phonons modulates over each sidereal day as the crystal rotates with respect to the DM wind. This gives a potential avenue for directional detection of DM. The daily modulation for single phonons has previously been calculated. Here we calculate the daily modulation for multiphonon excitations from DM in the mass range 1 MeV–1 GeV. We generalize previous multiphonon calculations, which made an isotropic approximation, and implement results in the DarkELF package. We find daily modulation rates up to 1%–10% for an ${\mathrm{Al}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_3$ target and DM mass below 30 MeV, depending on the recoil energies probed. We obtain similar results for SiC, while modulation in Si, GaAs, and ${\mathrm{SiO}}_2$ is negligible. Published by the American Physical Society 2025

• Sponsoring Organization: USDOE
• Grant/Contract Number: SC0022104
• OSTI ID: 2514526
• Journal Information: Physical Review. D., Journal Name: Physical Review. D. Journal Issue: 4 Vol. 111; ISSN PRVDAQ; ISSN 2470-0010
• Publisher: American Physical SocietyCopyright Statement
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English