Influences of δB contribution and parallel inertial term of energetic particles on MHD-kinetic hybrid simulations: a case study of the 1/1 internal kink mode

Zhang, H. X.; Zhang, H. W.; Ma, Z. W.; Liu, C.

doi:10.1088/1361-6587/ad994c

Title: Influences of δB contribution and parallel inertial term of energetic particles on MHD-kinetic hybrid simulations: a case study of the 1/1 internal kink mode

Journal Article · 27 December 2024 · Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/ad994c · OSTI ID:2514387

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Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou (China)
Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Garching (Germany)
Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)

The magnetohydrodynamic-kinetic (MHD-kinetic) hybrid model (Park et al 1992 Phys. Fluids B 4 2033–7) has been widely applied in studying energetic particles (EPs) problems in fusion plasmas for past decades. The pressure-coupling scheme or the current-coupling scheme is adopted in this model. However, two noteworthy issues arise in the model application: firstly, the coupled term introduced in the pressure-coupling scheme, (∇•P_h)_⟂, is often simplified by ∇•P_h, which is equivalent to neglecting the parallel inertial term of EPs; secondly, besides the $δf$ contribution caused by changing in the EP distribution function, the magnetic field perturbation (the $δB$ contribution) generated during development of the instabilities should also be considered, but it is often ignored in existing hybrid simulations. In this paper, we derive the analytical formulations under these two coupling schemes and then numerically study the representative case of the linear stability of the $m/n$ = $1/1$ internal kink mode (IKM) (Fu et al 2006 Phys. Plasmas 13 052517) by using the CLT-K code. Further, it is found that the approximated models can still yield reasonable results when EPs are isotopically distributed. But it fails completely in cases with anisotropic EP distributions. In addition, we further investigate the influence of EP's orbit width on the stability of IKM and verify the equivalence between pressure-coupling scheme and the current-coupling scheme.

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Research Organization:: Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC); USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-09CH11466

OSTI ID:: 2514387

Journal Information:: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Journal Name: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 67; ISSN 0741-3335

Publisher:: IOP ScienceCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: Influences of δB contribution and parallel inertial term of energetic particles on MHD-kinetic hybrid simulations: a case study of the 1/1 internal kink mode

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