Constraints on $f\left(R\right)$ gravity from thermal-Sunyaev-Zel’dovich-effect-selected SPT galaxy clusters and weak lensing mass calibration from DES and HST

Journal Article · 10 February 2025 · Physical Review. D.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.111.043519 · OSTI ID:2513932

Vogt, S. M. L. ; Bocquet, S.; Davies, C. T.; Mohr, J. J.; Schmidt, F.; Ruan, C. -Z.; Li, B.; Hernández-Aguayo, C.; Grandis, S.; Bleem, L. E.; Klein, M.; Schrabback, T.; Aguena, M.; Brooks, D.; Burke, D. L.; Campos, A.; Carnero Rosell, A.; Carretero, J.; Costanzi, M.; da Costa, L. N. ; Pereira, M. E. S.; De Vicente, J.; Doel, P.; Everett, S.; Ferrero, I.; Frieman, J.; García-Bellido, J.; Gatti, M.; Giannini, G.; Gruen, D.; Gruendl, R. A.; Hinton, S. R.; Hollowood, D. L.; Lee, S.; Lima, M.; Marshall, J. L.; Mena-Fernández, J.; Miquel, R.; Myles, J.; Paterno, M.; Pieres, A.; Plazas Malagón, A. A.; Reichardt, C. L.; Romer, A. K.; Samuroff, S.; Sarkar, A.; Sanchez, E.; Sevilla-Noarbe, I.; Smith, M.; Suchyta, E.; Swanson, M. E. C.; Tarle, G.; Vikram, V.; Weaverdyck, N.; Weller, J.

We present constraints on the $f\left(R\right)$ gravity model using a sample of 1005 galaxy clusters in the redshift range 0.25–1.78 that have been selected through the thermal Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effect from South Pole Telescope data and subjected to optical and near-infrared confirmation with the multicomponent matched filter algorithm. We employ weak gravitational lensing mass calibration from the Dark Energy Survey Year 3 data for 688 clusters at $z<0.95$ and from the Hubble Space Telescope for 39 clusters with $0.6<z<1.7$ . Our cluster sample is a powerful probe of $f\left(R\right)$ gravity, because this model predicts a scale-dependent enhancement in the growth of structure, which impacts the halo mass function (HMF) at cluster mass scales. To account for these modified gravity effects on the HMF, our analysis employs a semianalytical approach calibrated with numerical simulations. Combining calibrated cluster counts with primary cosmic microwave background temperature and polarization anisotropy measurements from the Planck 2018 release, we derive robust constraints on the $f\left(R\right)$ parameter $f_{R0}$ . Our results, ${\log }_{10}\left|f_{R0}\right|<-5.32$ at the 95% credible level, are the tightest current constraints on $f\left(R\right)$ gravity from cosmological scales. This upper limit rules out $f\left(R\right)$ -like deviations from general relativity that result in more than a $\sim 20\%$ enhancement of the cluster population on mass scales $M_{200\mathrm{c}}>3\times {10}^{14}{M}_{\odot }$ . Published by the American Physical Society 2025

• Research Organization: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Barcelona, Autonoma U.; Barcelona, IFAE; Caltech; Caltech, JPL; Carnegie Mellon U.; Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.; Chicago U., EFI; Chicago U., KICP; Durham U., ICC; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); Garching, Max Planck Inst.; Garching, Max Planck Inst., MPE; Hamburg Observ.; IAC, La Laguna; ICREA, Barcelona; IFPU, Trieste; Illinois U., Urbana (main); Illinois U., Urbana, Astron. Dept.; Innsbruck U.; Inst. Theor. Astrophys., Oslo; LBNL, Berkeley; LIneA, Rio de Janeiro; LPSC, Grenoble; Lancaster U.; MIT; Madrid, CIEMAT; Madrid, IFT; Melbourne U.; Munich U.; Northeastern U.; ORIGINS, Garching; Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Pennsylvania U.; Princeton U., Astrophys. Sci. Dept.; Queensland U.; Rio de Janeiro Observ.; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States); Sao Paulo U., Sao Carlos; Sussex U.; Texas A-M; Trieste Observ.; U. Michigan, Ann Arbor; U. Oslo (main); UC, Berkeley, Astron. Dept.; UC, Santa Cruz; University Coll. London
• Sponsoring Organization: US Department of Energy; USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)
• Contributing Organization: DES Collaboration; SPT Collaboration
• Grant/Contract Number: 89243024CSC000002; AC02-06CH11357; AC05-00OR22725
• OSTI ID: 2513932
• Report Number(s): DES-2024-0856; FERMILAB-PUB-24-0580-PPD; 043519
• Journal Information: Physical Review. D., Journal Name: Physical Review. D. Journal Issue: 4 Vol. 111; ISSN PRVDAQ; ISSN 2470-0010
• Publisher: American Physical SocietyCopyright Statement
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English