Broadband THz Modulation via Solid–State Organic Electrochemical Devices

Scott, Jonathan; Kludze, Atsutse; Santamore, Megan; Kousseff, Christina J.; McCulloch, Iain; Ghasempour, Yasaman; Rand, Barry P.

doi:10.1002/adma.202415828

Title: Broadband THz Modulation via Solid–State Organic Electrochemical Devices

Journal Article · 07 February 2025 · Advanced Materials

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202415828 · OSTI ID:2513558

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Princeton University, NJ (United States)
University of Oxford (United Kingdom)

The sub-Terahertz and Terahertz bands play a critical role in next-generation wireless communication and sensing technologies, thanks to the large amount of available bandwidth in this spectral regime. While long-wavelength (microwave to mm-Wave) and short-wavelength (near-infrared to ultraviolet) devices are well-established and studied, the sub-THz to THz regime remains relatively underexplored and underutilized. Traditional approaches used in the aforementioned spectral regions are more difficult to replicate in the THz band, leading to the need for the development of novel devices and structures that can manipulate THz radiation effectively. Herein a novel organic, solid-state electrochemical device is presented, capable of achieving modulation depths of over 90% from ≈500 nm of a conducting polymer that switches conductivity over a large dynamic range upon application of an electronically controllable external bias. The stability of such devices under long-term, repeated voltage switching, as well as continuous biasing at a single voltage, is also explored. Switching stabilities and long-term bias stabilities are achieved over two days for both use cases. Additionally, both depletion mode (always “ON”) and accumulation mode (always “OFF”) operation are demonstrated. These results suggest applications of organic electrochemical THz modulators in large area and flexible implementations.

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Research Organization:: Princeton University, NJ (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0012458

OSTI ID:: 2513558

Journal Information:: Advanced Materials, Journal Name: Advanced Materials Journal Issue: 11 Vol. 37; ISSN 0935-9648

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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