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Title: Enhancing Cycle Life in Superoxide‐Based Na–O 2 Batteries by Reducing Interface Reactivity

Journal Article · · Advanced Energy Materials
ORCiD logo [1];  [1];  [2];  [3];  [1];  [1];  [4];  [5];  [1];  [6];  [5];  [4];  [2];  [3]; ORCiD logo [1]
  1. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago IL 60616 USA
  2. Materials Science Division Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL 60439 USA, Department of Chemical Engineering University of Illinois – Chicago Chicago IL 60607 USA
  3. Materials Science Division Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL 60439 USA
  4. Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Illinois – Chicago Chicago IL 60607 USA
  5. Department of Physics University of Illinois – Chicago Chicago IL 60607 USA
  6. Department of Chemical Engineering University of Illinois – Chicago Chicago IL 60607 USA
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Abstract Sodium–oxygen (Na–O 2 ) batteries are considered a promising energy storage alternative to current state‐of‐the‐art technologies owing to their high theoretical energy density, along with the natural abundance and low price of Na metal. The chemistry of these batteries depends on sodium superoxide (NaO 2 ) or peroxide (Na 2 O 2 ) being formed/decomposed. Most Na–O 2 batteries form NaO 2 , but reversibility is usually quite limited due to side reactions at interfaces. By using new materials, including a highly active catalyst based on vanadium phosphide (VP) nanoparticles, an ether/ionic liquid‐based electrolyte, and an effective sodium bromide (NaBr) anode protection layer, the sources of interface reactivity can be reduced to achieve a Na–O 2 battery cell that is rechargeable for 1070 cycles with a high energy efficiency of more than 83%. Density functional theory calculations, along with experimental characterization confirm the three factors leading to the long cycle life, including the effectiveness of the NaBr protective layer on the anode, a tetraglyme/EMIM‐BF 4 based electrolyte that prevents oxidation of the VP cathode catalyst surface, and the EMIM‐BF 4 ionic liquid aiding in avoiding electrolyte decomposition on NaO 2 .

Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE
Grant/Contract Number:
NONE; AC02-06CH11357
OSTI ID:
2511349
Journal Information:
Advanced Energy Materials, Journal Name: Advanced Energy Materials; ISSN 1614-6832
Publisher:
Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
Germany
Language:
English

References (36)

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