BD+44°493: Chemo-dynamical Analysis and Constraints on Companion Planetary Masses from WIYN/NEID Spectroscopy

Placco, Vinicius M.; Gupta, Arvind F.; Almeida-Fernandes, Felipe; Logsdon, Sarah E.; Rajagopal, Jayadev; Holmbeck, Erika M.; Roederer, Ian U.; Della Costa, John; Fernandez, Pipa; Golub, Eli; Higuera, Jesus; Patel, Yatrik; Ridgway, Susan; Schweiker, Heidi

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad8646

Title: BD+44°493: Chemo-dynamical Analysis and Constraints on Companion Planetary Masses from WIYN/NEID Spectroscopy

Journal Article · 28 November 2024 · The Astrophysical Journal

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad8646 · OSTI ID:2511194

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^[1]; Fernandez, Pipa ^[1];

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^[1]; Ridgway, Susan ^[1]; Schweiker, Heidi ^[1]

National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory (NOIRLab), Tucson, AZ (United States)
Cidade Univ. (Brazil); Valongo Observatory (Brazil)
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Joint Inst. for Nuclear Astrophysics (JINA), East Lansing, MI (United States). Center for the Evolution of the Elements (JINA-CEE)
Joint Inst. for Nuclear Astrophysics (JINA), East Lansing, MI (United States). Center for the Evolution of the Elements (JINA-CEE); North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC (United States)

In this work, we present high-resolution (R ~ 100,000), high signal-to-noise ratio (S/N ~ 800) spectroscopic observations for the well-known, bright, extremely metal-poor, carbon-enhanced star BD+44°493. We determined chemical abundances and upper limits for 17 elements from WIYN/NEID data, complemented with 11 abundances redetermined from Subaru and Hubble data, using the new, more accurate, stellar atmospheric parameters calculated in this work. Our analysis suggests that BD+44°493 is a low-mass (0.83 M_⊙), old (12.1–13.2 Gyr) second-generation star likely formed from a gas cloud enriched by a single metal-free 20.5 M_⊙ Population III star in the early Universe. With a disk-like orbit, BD+44°493 does not appear to be associated with any major merger event in the early history of the Milky Way. From the precision radial-velocity NEID measurements (median absolute deviation = 16 m s^–1), we were able to constrain companion planetary masses around BD+44°493 and rule out the presence of planets as small as $$m\sin i=2$$ M_J out to periods of 100 days. This study opens a new avenue of exploration for the intersection between stellar archaeology and exoplanet science using NEID.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-07NA27344

OSTI ID:: 2511194

Report Number(s):: LLNL--JRNL-2001927

Journal Information:: The Astrophysical Journal, Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 977; ISSN 0004-637X

Publisher:: IOP PublishingCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Wolf 503 b: Characterization of a Sub-Neptune Orbiting a Metal-poor K Dwarf Polanski, Alex S.; Crossfield, Ian J. M.; Burt, Jennifer A. The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 162, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac1590	journal	November 2021
TOI-561 b: A Low-density Ultra-short-period “Rocky” Planet around a Metal-poor Star Brinkman, Casey L.; Weiss, Lauren M.; Dai, Fei The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 165, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/acad83	journal	February 2023
Scaling K2. VI. Reduced Small-planet Occurrence in High-galactic-amplitude Stars Zink, Jon K.; Hardegree-Ullman, Kevin K.; Christiansen, Jessie L. The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 165, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/acd24c	journal	June 2023
A Mini-Neptune Orbiting the Metal-poor K Dwarf BD+29 2654 Dai, Fei; Schlaufman, Kevin C.; Reggiani, Henrique The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 166, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/acdee8	journal	July 2023
Stable Fiber-illumination for Extremely Precise Radial Velocities with NEID Kanodia, Shubham; Lin, Andrea S. J.; Lubar, Emily The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 166, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/acea60	journal	August 2023
Host-star Properties of Hot, Warm, and Cold Jupiters in the Solar Neighborhood from Gaia Data Release 3: Clues to Formation Pathways Banerjee, Bihan; Narang, Mayank; Manoj, P. The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 168, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ad429f	journal	June 2024
The First Evidence of a Host Star Metallicity Cutoff in the Formation of Super-Earth Planets Boley, Kiersten M.; Christiansen, Jessie L.; Zink, Jon The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 168, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ad6570	journal	August 2024
The Metallicity Distribution and Hot Jupiter Rate of the Kepler Field: Hectochelle High-resolution Spectroscopy for 776 Kepler Target Stars Guo, Xueying; Johnson, John A.; Mann, Andrew W. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 838, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa6004	journal	March 2017
Galactic Archeology with the AEGIS Survey: The Evolution of Carbon and Iron in the Galactic Halo Yoon, Jinmi; Beers, Timothy C.; Dietz, Sarah The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 861, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaccea	journal	July 2018
The R -Process Alliance: A Comprehensive Abundance Analysis of HD 222925, a Metal-poor Star with an Extreme R -process Enhancement of [Eu/H] = −0.14 Roederer, Ian U.; Sakari, Charli M.; Placco, Vinicius M. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 865, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aadd92	journal	October 2018
The R -process Alliance: The Peculiar Chemical Abundance Pattern of RAVE J183013.5−455510 Placco, Vinicius M.; Santucci, Rafael M.; Yuan, Zhen The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 897, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab99c6	journal	July 2020
SPLUS J142445.34–254247.1: An r-process–enhanced, Actinide-boost, Extremely Metal-poor Star Observed with GHOST Placco, Vinicius M.; Almeida-Fernandes, Felipe; Holmbeck, Erika M. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 959, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad077e	journal	December 2023
The California Legacy Survey. I. A Catalog of 178 Planets from Precision Radial Velocity Monitoring of 719 Nearby Stars over Three Decades Rosenthal, Lee J.; Fulton, Benjamin J.; Hirsch, Lea A. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 255, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/abe23c	journal	July 2021
Detection of Phosphorus, Sulphur, and zinc in the Carbon-Enhanced Metal-Poor star Bd+44 493 Roederer, Ian U.; Placco, Vinicius M.; Beers, Timothy C. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 824, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8205/824/2/L19	journal	June 2016
G64-12 and G64-37 are Carbon-Enhanced Metal-Poor Stars Placco, Vinicius M.; Beers, Timothy C.; Reggiani, Henrique The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 829, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8205/829/2/L24	journal	September 2016
SPLUS J210428.01−004934.2: An Ultra Metal-poor Star Identified from Narrowband Photometry* Placco, Vinicius M.; Roederer, Ian U.; Lee, Young Sun The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 912, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abf93d	journal	May 2021
Zero-metallicity Hypernova Uncovered by an Ultra-metal-poor Star in the Sculptor Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy* Skúladóttir, Ása; Salvadori, Stefania; Amarsi, Anish M. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 915, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac0dc2	journal	July 2021
True Pair-instability Supernova Descendant: Implications for the First Stars’ Mass Distribution Koutsouridou, Ioanna; Salvadori, Stefania; Skúladóttir, Ása The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 962, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad2466	journal	February 2024
Linemake: An Atomic and Molecular Line List Generator Placco, Vinicius M.; Sneden, Christopher; Roederer, Ian U. Research Notes of the AAS, Vol. 5, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.3847/2515-5172/abf651	journal	April 2021
New Grids of ATLAS9 Model Atmospheres Castelli, F.; Kurucz, R. L. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/0405087	text	January 2004

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