Shock-induced chemistry and high strain-rate viscoelastic behavior of a phenolic polymer

Moore, Nathan W.; Jones, Keith A.; Wise, Jack L.; Talley, Darren G.; Lane, J. Matthew D.

doi:10.1063/5.0235804

Title: Shock-induced chemistry and high strain-rate viscoelastic behavior of a phenolic polymer

Journal Article · 05 February 2025 · Journal of Applied Physics

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0235804 · OSTI ID:2511170

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^[1]; Talley, Darren G. ^[1];

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Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

We use impact experiments and a finite element model (up to 1.2 GPa), and molecular dynamics simulations (up to 60 GPa), to examine the behavior of a phenolic polymer under shock compression, spanning both nonreactive and reactive regimes. In the nonreactive regime, relaxation following compression at strain rates of ~10⁵ s^-1 can be explained by viscoelasticity observed at ordinary laboratory rates (≲1 s^-1) by accounting for the temperature dependence of the phenolic β-transition. Reasonable agreement is found between the measured shock Hugoniot up to 1.2 GPa and molecular dynamics simulation for cross-linked structures of comparable density. We also observed a first-order mechanical transition near 0.36 GPa shock stress and estimated a spall strength of 0.102 GPa and Hugoniot elastic limit of 1–2 GPa. The shock stress is found to vary up to 24% among phenolics made with different resin and/or cure processes. Finally, molecular dynamics simulations are used to identify a reactive regime at shock pressures ≳20 GPa that is characterized by chemically driven, rate-dependent relaxation processes, including dehydrogenation and dehydration reactions that promote the formation of a dense, highly cross-linked carbonaceous solid and the release of light volatiles.

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Research Organization:: Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA); Office of Defense Science; USDOE; USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: NA0003525

OSTI ID:: 2511170

Report Number(s):: SAND--2025-01657J

Journal Information:: Journal of Applied Physics, Journal Name: Journal of Applied Physics Journal Issue: 5 Vol. 137; ISSN 0021-8979

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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