DOE PAGES title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Solar Modulation of Cosmic Nuclei over a Solar Cycle: Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer

Journal Article · · Physical Review Letters
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; more »; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ORCiD logo; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; « less

We report the properties of precision time structures of cosmic nuclei He, Li, Be, B, C, N, and O fluxes over an 11-year solar cycle from May 2011 to November 2022 in the rigidity range from 1.92 to 60.3 GV. The nuclei fluxes show similar but not identical time variations with amplitudes decreasing with increasing rigidity. In particular, below 3.64 GV the Li, Be, and B fluxes, and below 2.15 GV the C, N, and O fluxes, are significantly less affected by solar modulation than the He flux. We observe that these differences in solar modulation are linearly correlated with the differences in the spectral indices of the cosmic nuclei fluxes. This shows, in a model-independent way, that solar modulation of galactic cosmic nuclei depends on their spectral shape. In addition, solar modulation differences due to nuclei velocity dependence on the mass-to-charge ratio ( A / Z ) are not observed. Published by the American Physical Society 2025

Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-05CH11231
OSTI ID:
2510910
Journal Information:
Physical Review Letters, Journal Name: Physical Review Letters Journal Issue: 5 Vol. 134; ISSN 0031-9007; ISSN PRLTAO
Publisher:
American Physical SocietyCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (27)

The 3D numerical modeling of the solar modulation of galactic protons and helium nuclei related to observations by PAMELA between 2006 and 2009 journal November 2020
The passage of energetic charged particles through interplanetary space journal January 1965
Geant4—a simulation toolkit
  • Agostinelli, S.; Allison, J.; Amako, K.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 506, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9002(03)01368-8
journal July 2003
Numerical modeling of cosmic-ray transport in the heliosphere and interpretation of the proton-to-helium ratio in Solar Cycle 24 journal December 2019
The internal alignment and position resolution of the AMS-02 silicon tracker determined with cosmic-ray muons
  • Alpat, B.; Ambrosi, G.; Azzarello, Ph.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 613, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2009.11.065
journal February 2010
Upgrade of the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS-02) for long term operation on the International Space Station (ISS)
  • Lübelsmeyer, K.; Schultz von Dratzig, A.; Wlochal, M.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 654, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2011.06.051
journal October 2011
Calibration and performance of the AMS-02 time of flight detector in space
  • Bindi, V.; Chen, G. M.; Chen, H. S.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 743 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2014.01.002
journal April 2014
Recent developments in Geant4
  • Allison, J.; Amako, K.; Apostolakis, J.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 835 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2016.06.125
journal November 2016
The spatial resolution of the silicon tracker of the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer
  • Ambrosi, G.; Choutko, V.; Delgado, C.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 869 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2017.07.014
journal October 2017
Nuclei charge measurement by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer silicon tracker
  • Jia, Y.; Yan, Q.; Choutko, V.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 972 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2020.164169
journal August 2020
Measurements of nuclear interaction cross sections with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station journal April 2020
The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) on the international space station: Part II — Results from the first seven years journal February 2021
Precision Measurement of the Helium Flux in Primary Cosmic Rays of Rigidities 1.9 GV to 3 TV with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station journal November 2015
Observation of the Identical Rigidity Dependence of He, C, and O Cosmic Rays at High Rigidities by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station journal December 2017
Observation of New Properties of Secondary Cosmic Rays Lithium, Beryllium, and Boron by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station journal January 2018
Precision Measurement of Cosmic-Ray Nitrogen and its Primary and Secondary Components with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station journal July 2018
Properties of Cosmic Helium Isotopes Measured by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer journal November 2019
Periodicities in the Daily Proton Fluxes from 2011 to 2019 Measured by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station from 1 to 100 GV journal December 2021
Properties of Daily Helium Fluxes journal June 2022
Temporal Structures in Electron Spectra and Charge Sign Effects in Galactic Cosmic Rays journal April 2023
Temporal Structures in Positron Spectra and Charge-Sign Effects in Galactic Cosmic Rays journal October 2023
Properties of Cosmic Deuterons Measured by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer journal June 2024
Geant4 developments and applications journal February 2006
The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station journal August 2012
International Geomagnetic Reference Field: the thirteenth generation journal February 2021
Solar Modulation of Cosmic Rays journal January 2013
Numerical Modeling of Galactic Cosmic-Ray Proton and Helium Observed by AMS-02 during the Solar Maximum of Solar Cycle 24 journal February 2019

Related Subjects