Three-dimensional reconstruction of x-ray emission volumes in magnetized liner inertial fusion from sparse projection data using a learned basis

Fein, Jeffrey R.; Harding, Eric C.; Lewis, William E.; Weis, Matthew R.; Schaeuble, Marc-Andre

doi:10.1063/5.0198839

Title: Three-dimensional reconstruction of x-ray emission volumes in magnetized liner inertial fusion from sparse projection data using a learned basis

Journal Article · 01 April 2024 · Journal of Applied Physics

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0198839 · OSTI ID:2507517

^[1];

^[1]

Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

The ability to visualize x-ray and neutron emission from fusion plasmas in 3D is critical to understand the origin of the complex shapes of the plasmas in experiments. Unfortunately, this remains challenging in experiments that study a fusion concept known as Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion (MagLIF) due to a small number of available diagnostic views. Here, we present a basis function-expansion approach to reconstruct MagLIF stagnation plasmas from a sparse set of x-ray emission images. A set of natural basis functions is “learned” from training volumes containing quasi-helical structures whose projections are qualitatively similar to those observed in experimental images. Tests on several known volumes demonstrate that the learned basis outperforms both a cylindrical harmonic basis and a simple voxel basis with additional regularization, according to several metrics. Two-view reconstructions with the learned basis can estimate emission volumes to within 11% and those with three views recover morphology to a high degree of accuracy. The technique is applied to experimental data, producing the first 3D reconstruction of a MagLIF stagnation column from multiple views, providing additional indications of liner instabilities imprinting onto the emitting plasma.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), Office of Defense Programs (DP)

Grant/Contract Number:: NA0003525

OSTI ID:: 2507517

Report Number(s):: SAND-2024-04069J

Journal Information:: Journal of Applied Physics, Journal Name: Journal of Applied Physics Journal Issue: 13 Vol. 135; ISSN 0021-8979

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (41)

Statistical characterization of experimental magnetized liner inertial fusion stagnation images using deep-learning-based fuel–background segmentation Lewis, William E.; Knapp, Patrick F.; Harding, Eric C. Journal of Plasma Physics, Vol. 88, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022377822000800	journal	September 2022
Three-dimensional HYDRA simulations of National Ignition Facility targets Marinak, M. M.; Kerbel, G. D.; Gentile, N. A. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 8, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1356740	journal	May 2001
The physics basis for ignition using indirect-drive targets on the National Ignition Facility Lindl, John D.; Amendt, Peter; Berger, Richard L. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 11, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1578638	journal	February 2004
Tomography for SST-1 tokamak with pixel method Chattopadhyay, Asim Kumar; Anand, Arun; Rao, C. V. S. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 76, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1938853	journal	June 2005
Pulsed-power-driven cylindrical liner implosions of laser preheated fuel magnetized with an axial field Slutz, S. A.; Herrmann, M. C.; Vesey, R. A. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 17, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3333505	journal	May 2010
Thermonuclear ignition in inertial confinement fusion and comparison with magnetic confinement Betti, R.; Chang, P. Y.; Spears, B. K. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 17, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3380857	journal	May 2010
Tomography of m =1 mode structure in tokamak plasma using least‐square‐fitting method and Fourier–Bessel expansions Nagayama, Yoshio Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 62, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.339420	journal	October 1987
Modified helix-like instability structure on imploding z-pinch liners that are pre-imposed with a uniform axial magnetic field Awe, T. J.; Jennings, C. A.; McBride, R. D. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 21, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4872331	journal	May 2014
X-ray continuum as a measure of pressure and fuel–shell mix in compressed isobaric hydrogen implosion cores Epstein, R.; Goncharov, V. N.; Marshall, F. J. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 22, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4907667	journal	February 2015
On three-dimensional reconstruction of a neutron/x-ray source from very few two-dimensional projections Volegov, P. L.; Danly, C. R.; Merrill, F. E. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 118, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4936319	journal	November 2015
Three-dimensional reconstruction of neutron, gamma-ray, and x-ray sources using spherical harmonic decomposition Volegov, P. L.; Danly, C. R.; Fittinghoff, D. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 122, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4986652	journal	November 2017
Evolution of sausage and helical modes in magnetized thin-foil cylindrical liners driven by a Z-pinch Yager-Elorriaga, D. A.; Lau, Y. Y.; Zhang, P. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5017849	journal	May 2018
Diagnosing and mitigating laser preheat induced mix in MagLIF Harvey-Thompson, A. J.; Weis, M. R.; Harding, E. C. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5050931	journal	November 2018
Origins and effects of mix on magnetized liner inertial fusion target performance Knapp, P. F.; Gomez, M. R.; Hansen, S. B. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 26, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5064548	journal	January 2019
Density determination of the thermonuclear fuel region in inertial confinement fusion implosions Volegov, P. L.; Batha, S. H.; Geppert-Kleinrath, V. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 127, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5123751	journal	February 2020
Quantification of MagLIF morphology using the Mallat scattering transformation Glinsky, Michael E.; Moore, Thomas W.; Lewis, William E. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 27, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0010781	journal	November 2020
Scaling laser preheat for MagLIF with the Z-Beamlet laser Weis, M. R.; Harvey-Thompson, A. J.; Ruiz, D. E. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 28, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0029850	journal	January 2021
Implosion dynamics of triple-nozzle gas-puff z pinches on COBRA Lavine, E. S.; Rocco, S. V.; Banasek, J. T. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 28, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0030936	journal	February 2021
Estimation of stagnation performance metrics in magnetized liner inertial fusion experiments using Bayesian data assimilation Knapp, P. F.; Glinsky, M. E.; Schaeuble, M. A. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 29, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0087115	journal	May 2022
Three-dimensional electron temperature measurement of inertial confinement fusion hotspots using x-ray emission tomography Wong, Ka Wai; Bachmann, Benjamin Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 93, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0097471	journal	July 2022
Three-dimensional hot-spot x-ray emission tomography from cryogenic deuterium–tritium direct-drive implosions on OMEGA Churnetski, K.; Woo, K. M.; Theobald, W. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 93, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0098977	journal	September 2022
Analysis of core asymmetries in inertial confinement fusion implosions using three-dimensional hot-spot reconstruction Woo, K. M.; Betti, R.; Thomas, C. A. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 29, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0102167	journal	August 2022
X-ray self-emission imaging with spherically bent Bragg crystals on the Z-machine Harding, E. C.; Robertson, G. K.; Dunham, G. S. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 94, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0143942	journal	August 2023
Controlling morphology and improving reproducibility of magnetized liner inertial fusion experiments Ampleford, D. J.; Yager-Elorriaga, D. A.; Jennings, C. A. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 31, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0169981	journal	February 2024
Statistical inversion for medical x-ray tomography with few radiographs: I. General theory Siltanen, S.; Kolehmainen, V.; J. rvenp, S. Physics in Medicine and Biology, Vol. 48, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/48/10/314	journal	May 2003
Image reconstruction from a small number of projections Herman, G. T.; Davidi, R. Inverse Problems, Vol. 24, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1088/0266-5611/24/4/045011	journal	June 2008
Experimental Demonstration of Fusion-Relevant Conditions in Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion Gomez, M. R.; Slutz, S. A.; Sefkow, A. B. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 113, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.155003	journal	October 2014
Performance Scaling in Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion Experiments Gomez, M. R.; Slutz, S. A.; Jennings, C. A. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 125, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.155002	journal	October 2020
Multiresolution circular harmonic decomposition Jacovitti, G.; Neri, A. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, Vol. 48, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1109/78.875481	journal	January 2000
3D Feature Constrained Reconstruction for Low-Dose CT Imaging Liu, Jin; Hu, Yining; Yang, Jian IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, Vol. 28, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSVT.2016.2643009	journal	May 2018
From Heuristic Optimization to Dictionary Learning: A Review and Comprehensive Comparison of Image Denoising Algorithms IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics, Vol. 44, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1109/TCYB.2013.2278548	journal	July 2014
A Dictionary Learning Approach for Poisson Image Deblurring IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, Vol. 32, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2013.2255883	journal	July 2013
Assessing Stagnation Conditions and Identifying Trends in Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion Gomez, Matthew R.; Slutz, Stephen A.; Knapp, Patrick F. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Vol. 47, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2019.2893517	journal	May 2019
$rm K$-SVD: An Algorithm for Designing Overcomplete Dictionaries for Sparse Representation Aharon, M.; Elad, M.; Bruckstein, A. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, Vol. 54, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1109/TSP.2006.881199	journal	November 2006
Visualization of Astronomical Nebulae via Distributed Multi-GPU Compressed Sensing Tomography Wenger, S.; Ament, M.; Guthe, S. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, Vol. 18, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2012.281	journal	December 2012
A Fast Iterative Shrinkage-Thresholding Algorithm for Linear Inverse Problems Beck, Amir; Teboulle, Marc SIAM Journal on Imaging Sciences, Vol. 2, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1137/080716542	journal	January 2009
Inversion Techniques in the Soft-X-Ray Tomography of Fusion Plasmas: Toward Real-Time Applications Mlynar, J.; Weinzettl, V.; Bonheure, G. Fusion Science and Technology, Vol. 58, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.13182/FST58-733	journal	November 2010
Local basis-function approach to computed tomography Hanson, Kenneth M.; Wecksung, George W. Applied Optics, Vol. 24, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.24.004028	journal	December 1985
Theory of circular harmonic image reconstruction Hansen, Eric W. Journal of the Optical Society of America, Vol. 71, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSA.71.000304	journal	January 1981
A framework for experimental data-driven assessment of Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion stagnation image metrics Lewis, William 4th International Conference on Data-Driven Plasma Science - Onna, Okinawa, , Japan - April - 2023 https://doi.org/10.2172/2431620	conference	April 2023
Principal-component Interferometric Modeling (PRIMO), an Algorithm for EHT Data. I. Reconstructing Images from Simulated EHT Observations Medeiros, Lia; Psaltis, Dimitrios; Lauer, Tod R. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 943, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acaa9a	journal	February 2023