Cyanobacteria and Chloroflexota cooperate to structure light-responsive biofilms

Bunbury, Freddy; Rivas, Carlos; Calatrava, Victoria; Malkovskiy, Andrey V.; Joubert, Lydia-Marie; Parvate, Amar D.; Evans, James E.; Grossman, Arthur R.; Bhaya, Devaki

doi:10.1073/pnas.2423574122

Title: Cyanobacteria and Chloroflexota cooperate to structure light-responsive biofilms

Journal Article · 29 January 2025 · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2423574122 · OSTI ID:2507361

^[1]; Rivas, Carlos ^[2];

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^[3]; Parvate, Amar D. ^[4]; Evans, James E. ^[5];

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The University of Chicago, IL (United States); Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA (United States)
Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA (United States)
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States); Washington State University, Pullman, WA (United States)
Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA (United States); Stanford University, CA (United States)

Microbial mats are stratified communities often dominated by unicellular and filamentous phototrophs within an exopolymer matrix. It is challenging to quantify the dynamic responses of community members in situ as they experience steep gradients and rapid fluctuations of light. To address this, we developed a binary consortium using two representative isolates from hot spring mats: the unicellular oxygenic phototrophic cyanobacterium Synechococcus OS-B′ (Syn OS-B′) and the filamentous anoxygenic phototroph Chloroflexus MS-CIW-1 (Chfl MS-1). We quantified the motility of individual cells and entire colonies and demonstrated that Chfl MS-1 formed bundles of filaments that moved in all directions with no directional bias to light. Syn OS-B′ was slightly less motile but exhibited positive phototaxis. This binary consortium displayed cooperative behavior by moving further than either species alone and formed ordered arrays where both species aligned with the light source. No cooperative motility was observed when a nonmotile pilB mutant of Syn OS-B′ was used instead of Syn OS-B′. The binary consortium also produced more adherent biofilm than individual species, consistent with the close interspecies association revealed by electron microscopy. We propose that cyanobacteria and Chloroflexota cooperate in forming natural microbial mats by colonizing new niches and building robust biofilms.

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Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: BBSRC-NSF/BIO; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); National Institutes of Health (NIH); USDOE; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830

OSTI ID:: 2507361

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA-203549

Journal Information:: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Journal Name: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Journal Issue: 5 Vol. 122; ISSN 1091-6490; ISSN 0027-8424

Publisher:: National Academy of SciencesCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: Cyanobacteria and Chloroflexota cooperate to structure light-responsive biofilms

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