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Title: Opportunities for gas-phase science at short-wavelength free-electron lasers with undulator-based polarization control

Journal Article · · Physical Review Research

Free-electron lasers (FELs) are the world's most brilliant light sources with rapidly evolving technological capabilities in terms of ultrabright and ultrashort pulses over a large range of photon energies. Their revolutionary and innovative developments have opened new fields of science regarding nonlinear light-matter interaction, the investigation of ultrafast processes from specific observer sites, and approaches to imaging matter with atomic resolution. A core aspect of FEL science is the study of isolated and prototypical systems in the gas phase with the possibility of addressing well-defined electronic transitions or particular atomic sites in molecules. Notably for polarization-controlled short-wavelength FELs, the gas phase offers new avenues for investigations of nonlinear and ultrafast phenomena in spin-orientated systems, for decoding the function of the chiral building blocks of life as well as steering reactions and particle emission dynamics in otherwise inaccessible ways. This roadmap comprises descriptions of technological capabilities of facilities worldwide, innovative diagnostics and instrumentation, as well as recent scientific highlights, novel methodology, and mathematical modeling. The experimental and theoretical landscape of using polarization controllable FELs for dichroic light-matter interaction in the gas phase will be discussed and comprehensively outlined to stimulate and strengthen global collaborative efforts of all disciplines. Published by the American Physical Society 2025

Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-06CH11357; AC02-76SF00515; SC0020311
OSTI ID:
2507110
Journal Information:
Physical Review Research, Journal Name: Physical Review Research Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 7; ISSN 2643-1564; ISSN PPRHAI
Publisher:
American Physical SocietyCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Attosecond polarization modulation of x-ray radiation in a free-electron laser journal January 2021
Transverse gradient undulator in a storage ring x-ray free electron laser oscillator journal March 2023
Ultrafast generation of skyrmionic defects with vortex beams: Printing laser profiles on magnets journal February 2017
Proposal for Generating Brilliant X-Ray Beams Carrying Orbital Angular Momentum journal March 2008
Experimental Characterization of Nonlinear Harmonic Generation in Planar and Helical Undulators journal April 2008
Polarization Control in Two-Color Above-Threshold Ionization of Atomic Helium journal November 2008
Using the Beam-Echo Effect for Generation of Short-Wavelength Radiation journal February 2009
Alignment-Dependent Ionization of N 2 , O 2 , and CO 2 in Intense Laser Fields journal June 2010
Nonlinear Atomic Response to Intense Ultrashort X Rays journal February 2011
Strong Field Ionization to Multiple Electronic States in Water journal August 2011
Magnetic Dichroism inK-Shell Photoemission from Laser Excited Li Atoms journal November 2011
Circular Dichroism in Laser-Assisted Short-Pulse Photoionization journal December 2011
Angle-Resolved Electron Spectroscopy of Laser-Assisted Auger Decay Induced by a Few-Femtosecond X-Ray Pulse journal February 2012
Resonant Circular Dichroism of Chiral Metal-Organic Complex journal February 2012
Imaging Polyatomic Molecules in Three Dimensions Using Molecular Frame Photoelectron Angular Distributions journal June 2012
Echo-Enabled X-Ray Vortex Generation journal November 2012
Experimental Demonstration of Femtosecond Two-Color X-Ray Free-Electron Lasers journal March 2013
Transform-Limited X-Ray Pulse Generation from a High-Brightness Self-Amplified Spontaneous-Emission Free-Electron Laser journal March 2013
Deep Inner-Shell Multiphoton Ionization by Intense X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Pulses journal April 2013
Stimulated Electronic X-Ray Raman Scattering journal December 2013
Angular Momentum Sensitive Two-Center Interference journal January 2014
Generation of Coherent Extreme-Ultraviolet Radiation Carrying Orbital Angular Momentum journal May 2014
Creating High-Harmonic Beams with Controlled Orbital Angular Momentum journal October 2014
Experimental Demonstration of Enhanced Self-Amplified Spontaneous Emission by an Optical Klystron journal January 2015
Experimental Demonstration of a Soft X-Ray Self-Seeded Free-Electron Laser journal February 2015
Circular Dichroism in Multiphoton Ionization of Resonantly Excited He + Ions journal January 2017
Interaction of Ultraintense Laser Vortices with Plasma Mirrors journal January 2017
Angular Momentum of Twisted Radiation from an Electron in Spiral Motion journal February 2017
Generating Single-Spike Hard X-Ray Pulses with Nonlinear Bunch Compression in Free-Electron Lasers journal October 2017
Radiation-Induced Chemical Dynamics in Ar Clusters Exposed to Strong X-Ray Pulses journal May 2018
High-Power Femtosecond Soft X Rays from Fresh-Slice Multistage Free-Electron Lasers journal June 2018
Dispersion-Based Fresh-Slice Scheme for Free-Electron Lasers journal June 2018
Maximum Elliptical Dichroism in Atomic Two-Photon Ionization journal July 2018
Photoelectron Circular Dichroism with Two Overlapping Laser Pulses of Carrier Frequencies ω and 2 ω Linearly Polarized in Two Mutually Orthogonal Directions journal December 2018
Recovery of High-Energy Photoelectron Circular Dichroism through Fano Interference journal July 2019
Double Core-Hole Generation in O 2 Molecules Using an X-Ray Free-Electron Laser: Molecular-Frame Photoelectron Angular Distributions journal October 2020
Using Circular Dichroism to Control Energy Transfer in Multiphoton Ionization journal January 2021
Enhancing Circular Dichroism Signals with Vector Beams journal March 2021
Molecular Modes of Attosecond Charge Migration journal March 2021
Fourfold Differential Photoelectron Circular Dichroism journal September 2021
Light-Induced Magnetization at the Nanoscale journal April 2022
Femtosecond Polarization Shaping of Free-Electron Laser Pulses journal July 2023
Millijoule Femtosecond X-Ray Pulses from an Efficient Fresh-Slice Multistage Free-Electron Laser journal January 2024
Experimental Demonstration of Mode-Coupled and High-Brightness Self-Amplified Spontaneous Emission in an X-Ray Free-Electron Laser journal November 2024
Multiphoton Ionization of One-Electron Atoms with Circularly Polarized Light journal August 1972
Circular Dichroism in Photoelectron Angular Distributions from Oriented Linear Molecules journal March 1985
Absorption of circularly polarized x rays in iron journal February 1987
Angular Distributions of 1 s σ Photoelectrons from Fixed-in-Space N 2 Molecules journal January 1995
Direct Observation of Transfer of Angular Momentum to Absorptive Particles from a Laser Beam with a Phase Singularity journal July 1995
Observation of Laser Assisted Photoelectric Effect and Femtosecond High Order Harmonic Radiation journal April 1996
Novel Optical Trap of Atoms with a Doughnut Beam journal June 1997
X-Ray Natural Circular Dichroism journal May 1998
Asymmetry in Photoelectron Emission from Chiral Molecules Induced by Circularly Polarized Light journal February 2001
Photoelectron Diffraction Mapping: Molecules Illuminated from Within journal June 2001
Circular Dichroism in K -Shell Ionization from Fixed-in-Space CO and N 2 Molecules journal February 2002
Attosecond Streak Camera journal April 2002
Quantum Theory of Attosecond XUV Pulse Measurement by Laser Dressed Photoionization journal April 2002
Femtosecond and Subfemtosecond X-Ray Pulses from a Self-Amplified Spontaneous-Emission–Based Free-Electron Laser journal February 2004
Time Resolved Fano Resonances journal January 2005
Photoionization of Synchrotron-Radiation-Excited Atoms: Separating Partial Cross Sections by Full Polarization Control journal June 2005
Shadow Effects in Spiral Phase Contrast Microscopy journal June 2005
Photoelectric Effect at Ultrahigh Intensities journal November 2007
Chiral photoelectron angular distributions from ionization of achiral atomic and molecular species journal August 2020
Molecular-frame differential photoelectron circular dichroism of O 1s-photoelectrons of trifluoromethyloxirane journal January 2023
Quantum correlation of electron and ion energy in the dissociative strong-field ionization of H2 journal February 2023
ASTRA: Transition-density-matrix approach to molecular ionization journal November 2023
Obtaining high degree of circular polarization at x-ray free electron lasers via a reverse undulator taper journal November 2013
Polarization switching demonstration using crossed-planar undulators in a seeded free-electron laser journal February 2014
Efficient generation of short and high-power x-ray free-electron-laser pulses based on superradiance with a transversely tilted beam journal October 2015
Analysis of statistical correlations and intensity spiking in the self-amplified spontaneous-emission free-electron laser journal May 2003
Photoelectron Diffraction Imaging of a Molecular Breakup Using an X-Ray Free-Electron Laser journal June 2020
Mapping Resonance Structures in Transient Core-Ionized Atoms journal December 2020
Correlation-Driven Transient Hole Dynamics Resolved in Space and Time in the Isopropanol Molecule journal September 2021
Inner-Shell-Ionization-Induced Femtosecond Structural Dynamics of Water Molecules Imaged at an X-Ray Free-Electron Laser journal December 2021
Asymmetric Attosecond Photoionization in Molecular Shape Resonance journal January 2022
Time-Resolved Chiral X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy with Transiently Enhanced Atomic Site Selectivity: A Free-Electron Laser Investigation of Electronically Excited Fenchone Enantiomers journal March 2023
Control of the Polarization of a Vacuum-Ultraviolet, High-Gain, Free-Electron Laser journal December 2014
Extreme-Ultraviolet Vortices from a Free-Electron Laser journal August 2017
Microbunch Rotation and Coherent Undulator Radiation from a Kicked Electron Beam journal November 2018
Ultrasensitive Chiral Spectroscopy by Dynamical Symmetry Breaking in High Harmonic Generation journal July 2019
Controlling Subcycle Optical Chirality in the Photoionization of Chiral Molecules journal July 2019
Colloquium : Aligning molecules with strong laser pulses journal April 2003
Colloquium : Multiconfigurational time-dependent Hartree approaches for indistinguishable particles journal February 2020
X-ray natural circular dichroism and chiral-EXAFS in gyrotropic crystals journal May 2000
A three-dimensional magnetostatics computer code for insertion devices journal May 1998
Recent results of PADReS, the Photon Analysis Delivery and REduction System, from the FERMI FEL commissioning and user operations journal April 2015
The FERMI free-electron lasers journal April 2015
SIMPLEX : simulator and postprocessor for free-electron laser experiments journal August 2015
Hartmann wavefront sensors and their application at FLASH journal January 2016
Undulator beamline optimization with integrated chicanes for X-ray free-electron-laser facilities journal May 2016
Generation of ultra-large-bandwidth X-ray free-electron-laser pulses with a transverse-gradient undulator journal May 2016
Transverse gradient in Apple-type undulators journal April 2017
Time-resolved ion imaging at free-electron lasers using TimepixCam journal February 2018
SwissFEL Aramis beamline photon diagnostics journal June 2018
CAMP@FLASH: an end-station for imaging, electron- and ion-spectroscopy, and pump–probe experiments at the FLASH free-electron laser journal August 2018
First operation of the SASE1 undulator system of the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser journal February 2019
The SwissFEL soft X-ray free-electron laser beamline: Athos journal June 2019
Wavefront sensing at X-ray free-electron lasers journal June 2019
X-ray photon diagnostics at the European XFEL journal August 2019
Multi-resolution electron spectrometer array for future free-electron laser experiments journal August 2021
High-resolution electron time-of-flight spectrometers for angle-resolved measurements at the SQS Instrument at the European XFEL journal April 2022
Femtosecond photoelectron circular dichroism of chemical reactions journal July 2022
Attosecond photoionization delays in the vicinity of molecular Feshbach resonances journal April 2023
Ultrafast control over chiral sum-frequency generation journal August 2023
Steering Attosecond Electron Wave Packets with Light journal July 2002
Detection of a Spinning Object Using Light's Orbital Angular Momentum journal August 2013
Direct Determination of Absolute Molecular Stereochemistry in Gas Phase by Coulomb Explosion Imaging journal September 2013
Imaging charge transfer in iodomethane upon x-ray photoabsorption journal July 2014
Ultrafast electron dynamics in phenylalanine initiated by attosecond pulses journal October 2014
More Is Different journal August 1972
Electrospray ionization for mass spectrometry of large biomolecules journal October 1989
Observing the ultrafast buildup of a Fano resonance in the time domain journal November 2016
Attosecond-resolved photoionization of chiral molecules journal December 2017
Mass-resolved electronic circular dichroism ion spectroscopy journal June 2020
Photon-recoil imaging: Expanding the view of nonlinear x-ray physics journal September 2020
Attosecond coherent electron motion in Auger-Meitner decay journal January 2022
Time-dependent multiconfiguration self-consistent-field and time-dependent optimized coupled-cluster methods for intense laser-driven multielectron dynamics journal September 2023
First-principles simulations for attosecond photoelectron spectroscopy based on time-dependent density functional theory journal June 2018
UKRmol: a low-energy electron- and positron-molecule scattering suite journal March 2012
Progress in Time-Dependent Density-Functional Theory journal May 2012
Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory journal June 2004
First Observation of Natural Circular Dichroism for Biomolecules in SofXray Region Studied with a Polarizing Undulator journal January 2005
Wavefront metrology measurements at SACLA by means of X-ray grating interferometry journal January 2014
Characterizing isolated attosecond pulses with angular streaking journal January 2018
Ultrafast optical rotation in chiral molecules with ultrashort and tightly focused beams journal September 2021
Status of the SXFEL Facility journal June 2017
Ab Initio Simulation of Attosecond Transient Absorption Spectroscopy in Two-Dimensional Materials journal September 2018
Continuum Electronic States: The Tiresia Code journal March 2022

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