DOE PAGES title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Cloud radiative effect dominates variabilities of surface energy budget in the dark Arctic

Journal Article · · Scientific Reports
 [1];  [2];  [1]
  1. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
  2. Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States)

Climate models simulate a wide range of temperatures in the Arctic. Here we investigate one of the main drivers of changes in surface temperature: the net surface heat flux in the models. We show that in the winter months of the dark Arctic, there is a more than two-fold difference in the net surface heat fluxes among the models, and this difference is dominated by the downward infrared radiation from clouds. Owing to the small amount of water vapor in the winter Arctic, infrared radiation from clouds transmits more easily to the surface in the Arctic than at other latitudes, resulting in large cloud radiative effect at the surface. The dominant role of the cloud effect is also found in the transient variability of the net surface heat flux. Results demonstrate that accurate simulation of clouds is crucial for determining the net surface heat flux, which in turn affects surface temperature and sea ice properties in the Arctic.

Research Organization:
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Data Center; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)
Contributing Organization:
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY; Argonne National Laboratory (ANL)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC52-07NA27344
OSTI ID:
2506136
Journal Information:
Scientific Reports, Journal Name: Scientific Reports Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 15; ISSN 2045-2322
Publisher:
Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (38)

The ERA5 global reanalysis journal June 2020
Linking atmospheric synoptic transport, cloud phase, surface energy fluxes, and sea-ice growth: observations of midwinter SHEBA conditions journal October 2016
Atmospheric radiative transfer modeling: a summary of the AER codes journal March 2005
The Reference Forward Model (RFM) journal January 2017
The HITRAN2020 molecular spectroscopic database journal January 2022
Technical Summary book June 2023
An energy-conserving thermodynamic model of sea ice journal July 1999
Impact of an improved longwave radiation model, RRTM, on the energy budget and thermodynamic properties of the NCAR community climate model, CCM3 journal June 2000
Simulations of midlatitude frontal clouds by single-column and cloud-resolving models during the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement March 2000 cloud intensive operational period journal January 2005
Arctic Sea Ice in CMIP6 journal May 2020
An Assessment of Earth's Climate Sensitivity Using Multiple Lines of Evidence journal September 2020
Future Arctic Climate Change in CMIP6 Strikingly Intensified by NEMO‐Family Climate Models journal February 2023
Sensitivity of Arctic Surface Temperature to Including a Comprehensive Ocean Interior Reflectance to the Ocean Surface Albedo Within the Fully Coupled CESM2 journal December 2023
Radiative transfer for inhomogeneous atmospheres: RRTM, a validated correlated-k model for the longwave journal July 1997
The central role of diminishing sea ice in recent Arctic temperature amplification journal April 2010
Resilience of persistent Arctic mixed-phase clouds journal December 2011
Robust but weak winter atmospheric circulation response to future Arctic sea ice loss journal February 2022
The influence of recent and future climate change on spring Arctic cyclones journal November 2022
More frequent atmospheric rivers slow the seasonal recovery of Arctic sea ice journal February 2023
Continuous observations of the surface energy budget and meteorology over the Arctic sea ice during MOSAiC journal August 2023
Arctic-associated increased fluctuations of midlatitude winter temperature in the 1.5° and 2.0° warmer world journal March 2023
Response of winter climate and extreme weather to projected Arctic sea-ice loss in very large-ensemble climate model simulations journal January 2024
Cooler Arctic surface temperatures simulated by climate models are closer to satellite-based data than the ERA5 reanalysis journal March 2024
Assessment of Arctic sea ice and surface climate conditions in nine CMIP6 climate models journal December 2023
Cloud-Radiative Forcing and Climate: Results from the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment journal January 1989
Interpretation of Cloud-Climate Feedback as Produced by 14 Atmospheric General Circulation Models journal August 1989
Cloud Radiative Forcing of the Arctic Surface: The Influence of Cloud Properties, Surface Albedo, and Solar Zenith Angle journal February 2004
CLOUDS AND MORE: ARM Climate Modeling Best Estimate Data: A New Data Product for Climate Studies journal January 2010
Arctic Mixed-Phase Cloud Properties Derived from Surface-Based Sensors at SHEBA journal February 2006
The Arctic Surface Climate in CMIP6: Status and Developments since CMIP5 journal September 2020
Extreme Surface Energy Budget Anomalies in the High Arctic in Winter journal June 2023
How Well Do We Understand and Evaluate Climate Change Feedback Processes? journal August 2006
Overview of the MOSAiC expedition: Atmosphere journal January 2022
The winter central Arctic surface energy budget: A model evaluation using observations from the MOSAiC campaign journal April 2023
Variability of Surface Radiation Budget over Arctic during Two Recent Decades from Perspective of CERES and ERA5 Data journal February 2023
Two Decades of Arctic Sea-Ice Thickness from Satellite Altimeters: Retrieval Approaches and Record of Changes (2003–2023) journal August 2024
Airborne observations of the surface cloud radiative effect during different seasons over sea ice and open ocean in the Fram Strait journal June 2023
Overview of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) experimental design and organization journal January 2016