Modelling the brittle failure of graphite induced by the controlled impact of runaway electrons in DIII-D

Ratynskaia, Svetlana; Tolias, Panagiotis; Rizzi, Tommaso; Paschalidis, Konstantinos; Kulachenko, Artem; Hollmann, E. M.; Beidler, Matthew; Liu, Yueqiang; Rudakov, D. L.; Bykov, I.; Pitts, R. A.

doi:10.1088/1741-4326/adab05

Title: Modelling the brittle failure of graphite induced by the controlled impact of runaway electrons in DIII-D

Journal Article · 20 January 2025 · Nuclear Fusion

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/adab05 · OSTI ID:2504250

Ratynskaia, Svetlana ^[1]; Tolias, Panagiotis ^[1]; Rizzi, Tommaso ^[1]; Paschalidis, Konstantinos ^[1]; Kulachenko, Artem ^[1]; Hollmann, E. M. ^[2];

^[3]; Liu, Yueqiang ^[4]; Rudakov, D. L. ^[2]; Bykov, I. ^[4]; Pitts, R. A. ^[5]

KTH Royal Inst. of Technology, Stockholm (Sweden)
Univ. of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA (United States)
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
General Atomics, San Diego, CA (United States)
ITER Organization, St. Paul Lez Durance (France)

The thermo-mechanical response of an ATJ graphite sample to controlled runaway electron (RE) dissipation, realized in DIII-D, is modelled with a novel work-flow that features the RE orbit code KORC, the Monte Carlo particle transport code Geant4 and the finite element multiphysics software COMSOL. KORC provides the RE striking positions and momenta, Geant4 calculates the volumetric energy deposition and COMSOL simulates the thermoelastic response. Brittle failure is predicted according to the maximum normal stress criterion, which is suitable for ATJ graphite owing to its linear elastic behavior up to fracture and its isotropic mechanical properties. Measurements of the conducted energy, damage topology, explosion timing and blown-off material volume, impose a number of empirical constraints that suffice to distinguish between different RE impact scenarios and to identify RE parameters which provide the best match to the observations.

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Research Organization:: General Atomics, San Diego, CA (United States); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities (SUF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Fusion Energy Sciences (FES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725; FC02-04ER54698; FG02-07ER54917

OSTI ID:: 2504250

Journal Information:: Nuclear Fusion, Journal Name: Nuclear Fusion Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 65; ISSN 0029-5515

Publisher:: IOP ScienceCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: Modelling the brittle failure of graphite induced by the controlled impact of runaway electrons in DIII-D

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