DOE PAGES title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Quantum error mitigation by layerwise Richardson extrapolation

Journal Article · · Physical Review A

A widely used method for mitigating errors in noisy quantum computers is Richardson extrapolation, a technique in which the overall effect of noise on the estimation of quantum expectation values is captured by a single parameter that, after being scaled to larger values, is eventually extrapolated to the zero-noise limit. We generalize this approach by introducing layerwise Richardson extrapolation (LRE), an error mitigation protocol in which the noise of different individual layers (or larger chunks of the circuit) is amplified and the associated expectation values are linearly combined to estimate the zero-noise limit. The coefficients of the linear combination are analytically obtained from the theory of multivariate Lagrange interpolation. LRE leverages the flexible configurational space of layerwise unitary folding, allowing for a more nuanced mitigation of errors by treating the noise level of each layer of the quantum circuit as an independent variable. Furthermore, we provide numerical simulations demonstrating scenarios where LRE achieves superior performance compared to traditional (single-variable) Richardson extrapolation.

Research Organization:
Unitary Fund, San Francisco, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR)
Grant/Contract Number:
SC0020266; SC0020316
OSTI ID:
2503900
Journal Information:
Physical Review A, Journal Name: Physical Review A Journal Issue: 6 Vol. 110; ISSN 2469-9926
Publisher:
American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (39)

Error-mitigated quantum gates exceeding physical fidelities in a trapped-ion system journal January 2020
Fundamental limits of quantum error mitigation journal September 2022
Scalable error mitigation for noisy quantum circuits produces competitive expectation values journal February 2023
Probabilistic error cancellation with sparse Pauli–Lindblad models on noisy quantum processors journal May 2023
Error mitigation extends the computational reach of a noisy quantum processor journal March 2019
Quantum supremacy using a programmable superconducting processor journal October 2019
Quantum phases of matter on a 256-atom programmable quantum simulator journal July 2021
Quantum computational advantage with a programmable photonic processor journal June 2022
Practical quantum advantage in quantum simulation journal July 2022
Dynamical decoupling leads to improved scaling in noisy quantum metrology journal July 2016
Learning-Based Quantum Error Mitigation journal November 2021
Zero-noise extrapolation for quantum-gate error mitigation with identity insertions journal July 2020
Extending quantum probabilistic error cancellation by noise scaling journal November 2021
Computationally efficient zero-noise extrapolation for quantum-gate-error mitigation journal April 2022
Dynamical control of qubit coherence: Random versus deterministic schemes journal December 2005
Recovering noise-free quantum observables journal January 2019
Error Mitigation for Short-Depth Quantum Circuits journal November 2017
Demonstration of Fidelity Improvement Using Dynamical Decoupling with Superconducting Qubits journal November 2018
Strong Quantum Computational Advantage Using a Superconducting Quantum Processor journal October 2021
Random Decoupling Schemes for Quantum Dynamical Control and Error Suppression journal February 2005
Unified approach to data-driven quantum error mitigation journal July 2021
Exponential Error Suppression for Near-Term Quantum Devices journal September 2021
Virtual Distillation for Quantum Error Mitigation journal November 2021
Efficient Variational Quantum Simulator Incorporating Active Error Minimization journal June 2017
Practical Quantum Error Mitigation for Near-Future Applications journal July 2018
Quantum error mitigation journal December 2023
Testing Platform-Independent Quantum Error Mitigation on Noisy Quantum Computers journal January 2023
On Multivariate Interpolation journal December 2005
Quantum computation with universal error mitigation on a superconducting quantum processor journal September 2019
A blueprint for demonstrating quantum supremacy with superconducting qubits journal April 2018
Quantum computational advantage using photons journal December 2020
A Simple Expression for Multivariate Lagrange Interpolation journal January 2008
Quantum Computing in the NISQ era and beyond journal August 2018
Error mitigation with Clifford quantum-circuit data journal November 2021
Mitiq: A software package for error mitigation on noisy quantum computers journal August 2022
Quantum circuit debugging and sensitivity analysis via local inversions journal February 2023
Volumetric Benchmarking of Error Mitigation with Qermit journal July 2023
Efficiently improving the performance of noisy quantum computers journal July 2024
Hybrid Quantum-Classical Algorithms and Quantum Error Mitigation journal March 2021