Title: AstroPix4 — a novel HV-CMOS sensor developed for space based experiments

Journal Article · · Journal of Instrumentation
ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1];  [1]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [2];  [3];  [3]; ORCiD logo [4]; ORCiD logo [2];  [2]; ORCiD logo [5];  [4];  [2]
  1. Karlsruhe Inst. of Technology (KIT) (Germany)
  2. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States)
  3. Hiroshima Univ. (Japan)
  4. Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
  5. Nagoya Univ. (Japan)
+ Show Author Affiliations

For the proposed space based gamma-ray observatory All-sky Medium-Energy Gamma-ray Observatory eXplorer (AMEGO-X), a silicon tracker based on a novel High Voltage-CMOS (HV-CMOS) sensor called AstroPix, is currently being developed. Preliminary measurements with the first full reticle prototype AstroPix3 show that the power target of 1.5 mW/cm2 can currently not be reached due to the digital consumption of 3.08 mW/cm2, while the analog power consumption of 1.04 mW/cm2 and a break down voltage of over 350 V look promising. Based on these results, the design changes in AstroPix4, submitted in May 2023, are presented, containing changes to the time stamp generation and readout architecture. A digital power consumption below 0.25 mW/cm2 is expected by removing the fast 200 MHz clock used to measure the time-over-threshold (ToT) and an LVDS receiver. A maximum resolution of 3.125 ns for time-of-arrival (ToA) and ToT is reached by adding per-pixel Flash-Time-to-Digital Converter (TDCs) controlled by a global delay-locked loop (DLL).

Research Organization:
Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-06CH11357
OSTI ID:
2500779
Journal Information:
Journal of Instrumentation, Journal Name: Journal of Instrumentation Journal Issue: 04 Vol. 19; ISSN 1748-0221
Publisher:
Institute of Physics (IOP)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (8)

The flash-TDC
  • Klär, H.; Schulz, M.; Steffen, P.
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journal February 1989
A novel monolithic pixelated particle detector implemented in high-voltage CMOS technology journal December 2007
A high-voltage pixel sensor for the ATLAS upgrade
  • Perić, Ivan; Prathapan, Mridula; Augustin, Heiko
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 924 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2018.06.060
journal April 2019
CMOS DLL-based 2-V 3.2-ps jitter 1-GHz clock synthesizer and temperature-compensated tunable oscillator journal March 2001
Investigation of Irradiated Silicon Detectors by Edge-TCT journal August 2010
A 2.2-mW 20–135-MHz False-Lock-Free DLL for Display Interface in 0.15- $\mu\hbox{m}$ CMOS journal August 2014
All-sky Medium Energy Gamma-ray Observatory eXplorer mission concept journal October 2022
A-STEP for AstroPix : Development and Test of a space-based payload using novel pixelated silicon for gamma-ray measurement conference August 2023

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Related Subjects

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
digital electronic circuits
particle tracking detectors (solid-state detectors)
pixelated detectors and associated VLSI electronics
space instrumentation