Interdependence of Support Wettability - Electrodeposition Rate- Sodium Metal Anode and SEI Microstructure

Lo, Chang‐An; Wang, Yixian; Kankanallu, Varun R.; Singla, Aditya; Yen, Dean; Zheng, Xiaoyin; Naik, Kaustubh G.; Vishnugopi, Bairav S.; Campbell, Callum; Raj, Vikalp; Zhao, Chonghang; Ma, Lu; Bai, Jianming; Yang, Feipeng; Li, Ruipeng; Ge, Mingyuan; Watt, John Daniel; Mukherjee, Partha P.; Mitlin, David; Karen Chen‐Wiegart, Yu‐chen

doi:10.1002/anie.202412550

Title: Interdependence of Support Wettability - Electrodeposition Rate- Sodium Metal Anode and SEI Microstructure

Journal Article · 15 September 2024 · Angewandte Chemie (International Edition)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202412550 · OSTI ID:2497321

Lo, Chang‐An ^[1];

^[2]; Kankanallu, Varun R. ^[1]; Singla, Aditya ^[3]; Yen, Dean ^[1]; Zheng, Xiaoyin ^[1]; Naik, Kaustubh G. ^[3]; Vishnugopi, Bairav S. ^[3]; Campbell, Callum ^[2]; Raj, Vikalp ^[2]; Zhao, Chonghang ^[1]; Ma, Lu ^[4]; Bai, Jianming ^[4]; Yang, Feipeng ^[4]; Li, Ruipeng ^[4]; Ge, Mingyuan ^[4];

^[5]; Mukherjee, Partha P. ^[3];

^[2];

^[6]

Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States)
Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States). Texas Materials Inst. (TMI)
Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN (United States)
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II)
Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States); Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II)

Here, this study examines how current collector support chemistry (sodiophilic intermetallic Na₂Te vs. sodiophobic baseline Cu) and electrodeposition rate affect microstructure of sodium metal and its solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Capacity and current (6 mAh cm^-2, 0.5–3 mA cm^-2) representative of commercially relevant mass loading in anode-free sodium metal battery (AF-SMBs) are analyzed. Synchrotron X-ray nanotomography and grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) are combined with cryogenic ion beam (cryo-FIB) microscopy. Highlighted are major differences in film morphology, internal porosity, and crystallographic preferred orientation e.g. (110) vs. (100) and (211) with support and deposition rate. Within the SEI, sodium fluoride (NaF) is more prevalent with Te-Cu versus sodium hydride (NaH) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) with baseline Cu. Due to competitive grain growth the preferred orientation of sodium crystallites depends on film thickness. Mesoscale modeling delineates the role of SEI (ionic conductivity, morphology) on electrodeposit growth and onset of electrochemical instability.

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Research Organization:: Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities (SUF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division (MSE)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0012704; SC0023260; 89233218CNA000001

OSTI ID:: 2497321

Report Number(s):: BNL--226456-2024-JAAM

Journal Information:: Angewandte Chemie (International Edition), Journal Name: Angewandte Chemie (International Edition) Journal Issue: 8 Vol. 64; ISSN 1433-7851

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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