QCD Constraints on Isospin-Dense Matter and the Nuclear Equation of State

Abbott, Ryan; Detmold, William; Illa, Marc; Parreño, Assumpta; Perry, Robert J.; Romero-López, Fernando; Shanahan, Phiala E.; Wagman, Michael L.

doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.011903

Title: QCD Constraints on Isospin-Dense Matter and the Nuclear Equation of State

Journal Article · 06 January 2025 · Physical Review Letters

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.011903 · OSTI ID:2496825

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Understanding the behavior of dense hadronic matter is a central goal in nuclear physics as it governs the nature and dynamics of astrophysical objects such as supernovae and neutron stars. Because of the nonperturbative nature of quantum chromodynamics (QCD), little is known rigorously about hadronic matter in these extreme conditions. Here, lattice QCD calculations are used to compute thermodynamic quantities and the equation of state of QCD over a wide range of isospin chemical potentials with controlled systematic uncertainties. Agreement is seen with chiral perturbation theory when the chemical potential is small. Comparison to perturbative QCD at large chemical potential allows for an estimate of the gap in the superconducting phase, and this quantity is seen to agree with perturbative determinations. Since the partition function for an isospin chemical potential $μ_{I}$ bounds the partition function for a baryon chemical potential $μ_{B} = 3 μ_{I} / 2$ , these calculations also provide rigorous nonperturbative QCD bounds on the symmetric nuclear matter equation of state over a wide range of baryon densities for the first time. Published by the American Physical Society 2025

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Research Organization:: Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); IAIFI, Cambridge; ICC, Barcelona U.; MIT, Cambridge, CTP; U. Washington, Seattle (main)

Sponsoring Organization:: US Department of Energy; USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)

Grant/Contract Number:: 89243024CSC000002; AC02-05CH11231; AC02-07CH11359; AC05-00OR22725; SC0011090; SC0021006; SC0023116; SC0024053

OSTI ID:: 2496825

Report Number(s):: FERMILAB-PUB-24-0333-T; MIT-CTP/5729; MIT-CTP/5730,FERMILAB-PUB-24-0333-T; 011903

Journal Information:: Physical Review Letters, Journal Name: Physical Review Letters Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 134; ISSN 0031-9007; ISSN PRLTAO

Publisher:: American Physical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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