Boosting the Low-Temperature Performance of Graphite Anodes by Creating an Electrochemically Active Interface
[1];
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[4];
[2]
- Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, IN (United States); Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN (United States)
- Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, IN (United States)
- Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (United States)
Graphite is the major anode material used in commercial lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the sluggish ion-transfer kinetics associated with graphite anodes significantly restrict the operation of LIBs over a wide temperature. This is primarily due to their low reversible capacity and the substantial overpotential exhibited under low-temperature conditions. To address this limitation, we demonstrate herein an approach that involves grafting an electrochemically active lithium benzenesulfonate layer onto a graphite surface through a typical reduction reaction of diazonium cations, followed by ion exchange process. This surface modification reduces the charge transfer resistance of graphite anodes, leading to an excellent reversible capacity of ~150 mAh g–1 at low-temperatures (-20 °C, 0.1C). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy indicates that both desolvation of the lithium ions outside the graphite, and lithium diffusion within the solid electrolyte interphase and graphite lattice are two crucial rate-limiting steps during the Li (de)lithiation, with the latter dominating during the low-temperature operation. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate a facile method for enhancing the low-temperature performance of graphite through surface modification and provide valuable insights into fundamental understandings that can guide the future design of better -low-temperature graphite anodes.
- Research Organization:
- Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- Indiana University/Purdue University at Indianapolis (IUPUI); National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Office of Sustainable Transportation. Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities (SUF)
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-06CH11357
- OSTI ID:
- 2484288
- Journal Information:
- ACS Applied Energy Materials, Journal Name: ACS Applied Energy Materials Journal Issue: 24 Vol. 6; ISSN 2574-0962
- Publisher:
- American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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